Washington Avenue Historic District | |
Location | Roughly bounded by Elm St., Cedar Creek, Hamilton Rd., and Washington Ave., Cedarburg, Wisconsin |
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Coordinates | 43°18′1″N87°59′16″W / 43.30028°N 87.98778°W |
Area | 28 acres (11 ha) |
Architect | Multiple |
Architectural style | Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne style architecture in the United States. Many buildings are in the Commercial Vernacular style. |
NRHP reference No. | 86000218 [1] |
Added to NRHP | January 17, 1986 |
Washington Avenue Historic District is the historic center of Cedarburg, Wisconsin, the location of the early industry and commerce that was key to the community's development. The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1986. [2] [1]
The district has 80 contributing buildings and one contributing structure in a 28 acres (11 ha) area. Many of the buildings in this district that were built between the 1840s and the early 1900s were built out of locally mined limestone and fieldstone. Of these buildings, many are in vernacular style, but three other architectural styles are represented: Greek Revival, Italianate, and Queen Anne. [2] [3]
The district includes the Hilgen and Wittenberg Woolen Mills and Cedarburg Mill, which are listed separately on the NRHP.
In 1842 Ludwig Groth bought land that would become the village of Cedarburg and in 1844 platted the village. Fredrick Hilgen arrived after 1845 [4] and built a gristmill on Cedar Creek. Over the years, and with business partners, Hilgen also started a sawmill, a planing factory, and a woolen mill. In 1870 the Milwaukee and Northern Railway arrived, opening up new markets. In 1885 the city of Cedarburg incorporated. [2]
The Hilgen and Wittenberg Woolen Mill and the Cedarburg Mill are separately entered in the NRHP. These are also considered "pivotal" by the NRHP nomination:
The Lincoln and Washington buildings were built to be used as public schools. The Lincoln building, constructed in 1894, was originally intended to serve grades one through twelve, but as a result of the growing population of Cedarburg, a high school was built not far from the Lincoln Building. This building, named the Washington Building, was constructed in 1908. The Lincoln Building then only served first through eighth graders. Later the first though fifth graders were moved to the Hacker Building, just west and south along the school campus playground. In 1956, when the high school, was moved to its current location, and grades four and five occupied the Washington Building, with grades six through eight housed in the Lincoln Building. The grade school complex included a red brick gymnasium facing on Washington Ave. Eventually a new elementary school was built, the Westlawn Elementary School. The middle school, serving sixth and seventh graders, took over the Washington and Hacker buildings and still controlled the Lincoln building and the gymnasium. Sixth graders were taught in the Hacker building. The seventh grade was divided into two groups. One group went to the Lincoln Building, the other to the Washington building. Students at both schools shared the gymnasium. In 1973, the middle school was moved to Webster Transitional School. The Lincoln and Washington buildings were renovated in 1987. The Washington building is now the Cedarburg City Hall and the Lincoln building is now the Cedarburg Senior Center. [36] [37] The Hacker building is now an apartment complex. [38]
Ozaukee County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 91,503. Its county seat is Port Washington, making it one of three Wisconsin counties on Lake Michigan not to have a county seat with the same name. Ozaukee County is included in the Milwaukee–Waukesha–West Allis, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Cedarburg is a town in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin, United States, and is in the Milwaukee metropolitan area. The town was created in 1849 and at the time of the 2020 census had a population of 6,162.
Cedarburg is a city in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. Located about 20 miles (32 km) north of Milwaukee and in close proximity to Interstate 43, it is a suburban community in the Milwaukee metropolitan area. The city incorporated in 1885, and at the time of the 2020 census the population was 12,121.
The Main Street Historic District in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, United States, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The district is composed of 51 buildings on or within a block of Main Street.
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin. It is intended to provide a comprehensive listing of entries in the National Register of Historic Places that are located in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below may be seen in a map.
The Cedarburg Mill is a former gristmill in Cedarburg, Wisconsin that is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Located the on Cedar Creek, the building was constructed in 1855 by Frederick Hilgen and William Schroeder to replace a smaller wooden mill from the 1840s. At the time of its construction, the five-story structure was the tallest building in Cedarburg.
The Wayside House is a historic house located in Cedarburg, Wisconsin. It was built by Frederick Hilgen, who later co-owned the Cedarburg Mill, and is considered the father of Cedarburg. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 17, 1982.
The Main Street Historic District in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin is a 2.5-acre (1.0 ha) historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 11, 2002. The listing was amended in some way in a revised listing on March 5, 2002. In 2002, there were 20 buildings in the district that were deemed to contribute to its historic character.
Holy Cross Church and Convent is a Roman Catholic church complex in Green Bay, Wisconsin, with six structures built from 1862 to 1932 in various architectural styles. Currently, it is also a church school. The complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 28, 2001 for its architectural significance.
St. Joseph's Catholic Church Complex is located in Waukesha, Wisconsin. The church building itself was built in 1888. On October 28, 1983, the complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance.
The East Brady Street Historic District is located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
The Cedarburg Woolen Co. Worsted Mill is a former woolen mill on the Milwaukee River in Grafton, Wisconsin. In the late-1800s, the Cedarburg Woolen Company in neighboring Cedarburg decided to expand their production by opening a second mill.
The Hilgen and Wittenberg Woolen Mill is a former textile factory in Cedarburg, Wisconsin. Built in 1864, the mill was one of many wool- and flax-processing factories that opened during the American Civil War, due to a shortage of cotton textiles formerly supplied by southern states. The mill produced yarns, blankets, and flannels, and was the largest woolen mill west of Philadelphia in the 19th century. The mill closed in 1968 and has since become a commercial complex called the "Cedar Creek Settlement," containing restaurants and stores.
The Old Ozaukee County Courthouse in Port Washington, Wisconsin is a Richardsonian Romanesque-styled building built in 1901 and clad in gray-blue limestone from the nearby Cedarburg quarry. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The building currently serves as the county administration center.
The Port Washington Downtown Historic District is the largely intact remainder of the old commercial downtown of Port Washington, Wisconsin, United States. It consists of about 40 contributing buildings built from the 1850s to the 1950s in various styles. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000 for significance to both architecture and the history of commerce.
The Historic Sixth Street Business District is a set of largely intact two and three-story shops along the main road coming into Racine, Wisconsin from the west. Most of the buildings were constructed from the 1850s to the 1950s. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
The Court Street Commercial Historic District is a largely intact part of the old downtown of Richland Center, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 - a 11.2 acres (4.5 ha) historic district which included 51 contributing buildings and 20 non-contributing ones. The buildings are commercial, mostly in Late Victorian styles constructed from 1870 to 1938. Most are brick two-story buildings; a few one-story and three-story brick buildings are interspersed.
The Walker's Point Historic District is a mixed working-class neighborhood of homes, stores, churches and factories in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, with surviving buildings as old as 1849, including remnants of the Philip Best Brewery and the Pfister and Vogel Tannery. In 1978 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The NRHP nomination points out that Walker's Point was "the only part of Milwaukee's three original Settlements to reach the last quarter of the Twentieth Century with its Nineteenth and early-Twentieth Century fabric still largely intact," and ventures that "For something similar, one would have to travel to Cleveland or St. Louis if, indeed, so cohesive and broad a grouping of...structures still exists even in those cities."
The Columbia Historic District is a neighborhood in Cedarburg, Wisconsin, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. At the time the district was listed on the register, its contributing properties included 128 historic homes, one church, and eighty-seven historic outbuildings, including garages and barns, all constructed between 1844 and 1938. The district also contained several dozen buildings that do not contribute to the historic district, including modern homes from the post-war era as well as modern garages and other additions to historic properties.
Johann Friedrich "Frederick" Hilgen was a German American immigrant, miller, and Wisconsin pioneer. He is known as the "father" of Cedarburg, Wisconsin, and was responsible for the construction of the historic Cedarburg Mill and the Hilgen and Wittenberg Woolen Mill. He also represented Ozaukee County in the Wisconsin Senate during the 1860 legislative session.
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