November 3 – Launch of Sputnik 2, with a dog called Laika on board, the first animal sent into orbit. There is no technology available to return it to Earth.
December 6 – The United States attempts launch of Vanguard TV3 which fails after just two seconds in the air.
Project Orion begins, a U.S. program to build a spacecraft powered by nuclear explosions.
April – IBM delivers the first compiler for the FORTRAN scientific programming language. It becomes the most widely used computer language for technical work.
↑ Gliese, W. (1957). "Katalog der Sterne näher ALS 20 Parsek für 1950.0". Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg Mitteilungen Serie A. 8. Heidelberg: Astronomischen Rechen-Institut: 1. Bibcode:1957MiABA...8....1G.
↑ Clausen, Torben (August 2007). "J.C. Skou identified Na+/K+-ATPase pump – a breakthrough and its significance". Ugeskrift for Læger (in Danish). 169 (35): 2897. PMID17878005.
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