A History of Violence

Last updated

A History of Violence
History of violence.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by David Cronenberg
Screenplay by Josh Olson
Based on
A History of Violence
by
Produced by Chris Bender
J. C. Spink
Starring
Cinematography Peter Suschitzky
Edited by Ronald Sanders
Music by Howard Shore
Production
companies
  • BenderSpink
  • Media I! Filmproduktion München & Company
Distributed by
Release dates
  • May 16, 2005 (2005-05-16)(Cannes)
  • September 23, 2005 (2005-09-23)(United States)
Running time
96 minutes
Countries
  • United States
  • Canada [3]
  • Germany [4]
LanguageEnglish
Budget$32 million [5]
Box office$61.4 million [5]

A History of Violence is a 2005 action thriller film directed by David Cronenberg and written by Josh Olson. It is an adaptation of the 1997 DC graphic novel by John Wagner and Vince Locke. The film stars Viggo Mortensen, Maria Bello, Ed Harris, and William Hurt. In the film, a diner owner becomes a local hero after he foils an attempted robbery, but has to face his past enemies to protect his family.

Contents

A History of Violence was in the main competition for the 2005 Palme d'Or and was put into a limited release in the United States on September 23, 2005, followed by a wide release on September 30, 2005. It has often been described as one of the greatest films of the 2000s. The film was specifically praised for its performances, screenwriting and atmosphere. William Hurt was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and Olson was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay. Mortensen himself praised it as "one of the best movies [he's] ever been in, if not the best". [6] It is also notable as being one of the last, if not the last, major Hollywood films to be released on VHS. [7] [8]

Plot

Tom Stall is a diner owner who lives in the small town of Millbrook, Indiana, with a loving wife Edie, teenage son Jack, and daughter Sarah. One night, two spree killers attempt to rob the restaurant. When a waitress is threatened, Tom deftly kills both robbers with surprising skill and precision. He is hailed as a hero by his family and the townspeople, and the incident makes him a local celebrity. One day, Tom is visited by scarred gangster Carl Fogarty, who alleges that Tom is actually a Philadelphia professional hitman named Joey Cusack. Tom vehemently denies this, but Carl remains persistent and begins to stalk the Stall family. Under pressure from Carl and his newfound fame, Tom's relationships with his family become strained.

Following an argument with his father over the use of violence on a bully at his school, Jack runs away. He is caught by Carl, who, with Jack as his hostage, goes with his men to the Stall house and demands that "Joey" return to Philadelphia with them. After the gangsters release Jack, Tom is slow to join them in their car, so they attempt to force him to cooperate. Tom efficiently kills one of the two henchmen and severely injures the other, but Carl shoots and incapacitates Tom. As the gangster approaches, Tom finally admits he is Joey. Before Carl can shoot Tom, Jack kills the gangster with the family's shotgun.

At the hospital, Edie confronts Tom about the allegations. Tom admits to being Joey Cusack, and that he has killed for both money and pleasure, shocking her. He tells Edie that he ran away from Philadelphia to escape his criminal past. This admission deepens the tensions in their marriage.

After Tom gets out of the hospital, Sam, the local sheriff, pays a visit. Sam expresses confusion about everything that has happened, especially how the mobsters are going through so much trouble to approach Tom. Just when Tom is about to confess, Edie lies to Sam, claiming that Tom is who he says he is, and that their family has suffered enough. At a loss for words after Edie breaks down into tears, Sam leaves. Edie and Tom then start slapping and hitting each other, their fight eventually culminating in violent sex on the stairs. Afterward, Edie and Jack continue to further distance themselves from Tom, leaving him isolated.

Tom's brother, crime boss Richie Cusack, calls him and demands his return to Philadelphia, threatening to come to Indiana for him. In Philadelphia, Tom learns that the mobsters he had offended took out their frustrations on Richie, penalizing him financially and delaying his advancement in the organization. Tom offers to make peace, but Richie orders his men to kill his brother. Tom manages to kill most of the guards and escape. As Richie and his last henchman are hunting for him, Tom kills the henchman, takes his gun, and confronts Richie outside; stunned, Richie says "Jesus, Joey" before Tom kills him with a single gunshot to the head, responding "Jesus, Richie".

Tom returns home, where the atmosphere is tense and silent as the family sits around the dinner table. His young daughter eventually hands him a dinner plate. Some moments later, his son offers him a communal plate of food and Edie looks at Tom with tears in her eyes.

Cast

Production

The film is loosely based on the original graphic novel. Screenwriter Josh Olson intended from the beginning to use the original story as a springboard to explore the themes that interested him.

Mortensen read Olson's original version of the script and "was quite disappointed. It was 120-odd pages of just mayhem; kind of senseless, really." He only agreed to do the movie after meeting with Cronenberg, who (according to Mortensen) reworked the script. [9]

Most of the film was shot in Millbrook, Ontario. The shopping centre scene was shot in Tottenham, Ontario, and the climactic scene was shot at the historic Eaton Hall Mansion, located in King City, Ontario. [10] Harrison Ford turned down the role of Tom Stall. [11] Cronenberg stated that "I think it took three weeks to edit". [12]

Alternate versions

The U.S. and European versions differ on only two fight scenes - one where Tom breaks the nose of one of Fogarty's thugs and one where he stomps on the throat of one of Richie Cusack's thugs. Both scenes display more blood flowing or gushing out of the victims in the European version. In addition, a more pronounced bone-crushing sound effect is used when Tom stomps on the thug's throat. [13]

A deleted scene, known as "Scene 44", features a dream sequence in the diner, where Fogarty tells Tom he will kill his family and him, to which Tom responds by shooting him with his shotgun at close range. He then approaches Fogarty's mangled body, which raises a gun and shoots him. In behind the scenes footage, Cronenberg expressed apprehension about the scene's similarity to his previous work. He even suggested a desire to have Fogarty retrieve the gun from his chest cavity had the action not been too similar to a scene from Videodrome . [14]

Interpretation

The film's title plays on multiple levels of meaning. Film critic Roger Ebert stated that Cronenberg refers to three possibilities:

... (1) a suspect with a long history of violence; (2) the historical use of violence as a means of settling disputes, and (3) the innate violence of Darwinian evolution, in which better-adapted organisms replace those less able to cope. "I am a complete Darwinian", says Cronenberg, whose new film is in many ways about the survival of the fittest—at all costs. [15]

Cronenberg himself described the film as a meditation on the human body and its relationship to violence:

For me the first fact of human existence is the human body. I'm not an atheist, but for me to turn away from any aspect of the human body to me is a philosophical betrayal. And there's a lot of art and religion whose whole purpose is to turn away from the human body. I feel in my art that my mandate is to not do that. So whether it's beautiful things—the sexuality part, or the violent part or the gooey part—it's just body fluids. It's when Elliott in Dead Ringer (sic) says, "Why are there no beauty contests for the insides of bodies?" It's a thought that disturbs me. How can we be disgusted by our own bodies? That really doesn't make any human sense. It makes some animal sense but it doesn't make human sense so I'm always discussing that in my movies and in this movie in particular. I don't ever feel that I've been exploitive in a crude, vulgar way, or just doing it to get attention. It's always got a purpose which I can be very articulate about. In this movie, we've got an audience that's definitely going to applaud these acts of violence and they do because it's set up that these acts are justifiable and almost heroic at times. But I'm saying, "Okay, if you can applaud that, can you applaud this?" because this is the result of that gunshot in the head. It's not nice. And even if the violence is justifiable, the consequences of the violence are exactly the same. The body does not know what was the morality of that act. So I'm asking the audience to see if they can contain the whole experience of this violent act instead of just the heroic/dramatic one. I'm saying "Here's the really nasty effects on these nasty guys but still, the effects are very nasty." And that's the paradox and conundrum." [16]

Music

The soundtrack to A History of Violence was released on October 11, 2005.

Release

Theatrical

A History of Violence premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 16, 2005, [17] and was released in the United States on September 30 following a limited release on September 23, 2005.

Home media

The film was released on DVD and VHS formats on March 14, 2006, and was reported by the Los Angeles Times as being the last major Hollywood film to be released on VHS, excluding limited promotional releases. [7] [18]

Reception

Box office

The film started with a limited release in 14 theaters and grossed $515,992 at the box office, averaging $36,856 per theater. A week later, it went on a wide release in 1,340 theaters and grossed $8.1 million over the weekend. During its entire theatrical run, the film grossed $31.5 million in the United States and a total of $61.4 million worldwide. [5]

Critical response

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , 88% of 216 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 7.90/10.The website's consensus reads: "A History of Violence raises compelling and thoughtful questions about the nature of violence, while representing a return to form for director David Cronenberg in one of his more uncharacteristic pieces." [19] Metacritic , which uses a weighted average , assigned the film a score of 82 out of 100, based on 37 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". [20] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale. [21]

Rolling Stone critic Peter Travers gave the film four stars, highlighting its "explosive power and subversive wit", and lauded David Cronenberg as a "world-class director, at the top of his startlingly creative form". [22] Entertainment Weekly reviewer Lisa Schwarzbaum gave the film an A, concluding that "David Cronenberg's brilliant movie" was "without a doubt one of the very best of the year". [23]

Manohla Dargis of The New York Times called the film a "mindblower", and noted Cronenberg's "refusal to let us indulge in movie violence without paying a price". [24] Roger Ebert also gave the film a positive review, observing, "A History of Violence seems deceptively straightforward, coming from a director with Cronenberg's quirky complexity, but think again. This is not a movie about plot, but about character." He gave it three and a half out of four stars. [15]

It was ranked the best film of 2005 in the Village Voice Film Poll. [25]

In December 2005, it was named to the Toronto International Film Festival's annual Canada's top-ten list of the year's best Canadian films. [26]

BBC film critic Mark Kermode named the film the best of 2005.[ citation needed ]

Retrospective lists

In 2010, Empire named the film the 448th-greatest film of all time. [27]

The French film magazine Cahiers du Cinéma ranked the film as fifth place in its list of best films of the decade, 2000–2009. [28]

In his list of best films of the decade, Peter Travers named this number four, praising director David Cronenberg:

Is Canadian director David Cronenberg the most unsung maverick artist in movies? Bet on it ... Cronenberg knows violence is wired into our DNA. His film showed how we secretly crave what we publicly condemn. This is potent poison for a thriller, and unadulterated, unforgettable Cronenberg. [29]

In 2016, the film was ranked among the 100 greatest films since 2000 in an international critics' poll by 177 critics around the world. [30]

Accolades

Accolades for A History of Violence
AwardCategoryNominee(s)Result
Academy Awards [31] Best Supporting Actor William Hurt Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Josh Olson Nominated
American Film Institute Awards [32] Top 10 Movie of the YearWon
Austin Film Critics Association Awards [33] Best Supporting ActorWilliam HurtWon
Awards Circuit Community AwardsBest Director David Cronenberg Nominated
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Maria Bello Nominated
Best Adapted ScreenplayJosh OlsonRunner-up
Best Cinematography Peter Suschitzky Nominated
Best Original Score Howard Shore Nominated
Belgian Film Critics Association Awards [34] Grand Prix David CronenbergNominated
Bodil Awards [35] Best American Film Won
British Academy Film Awards [36] Best Adapted Screenplay Josh OlsonNominated
Cahiers du Cinéma (2005)Top 10 FilmDavid Cronenberg2nd Place
Cahiers du Cinéma (2010)Best Film of the 2000s5th Place
Cannes Film Festival [37] Palme d'Or Nominated
Central Ohio Film Critics Association Awards [38] Best Film2nd Place
Best DirectorDavid CronenbergWon
Best Supporting ActressMaria BelloWon
César Awards [39] Best Foreign Film David CronenbergNominated
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards [40] Best Film Nominated
Best Director David CronenbergWon
Best Supporting Actress Maria BelloWon
Best Screenplay Josh OlsonNominated
Critics' Choice Awards [41] Best Supporting Actress Maria BelloNominated
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards Best Picture 8th Place
David di Donatello Awards Best Foreign Film David CronenbergNominated
Directors Guild of Canada Awards [42] Outstanding Feature FilmWon
Outstanding Direction – Feature Film David CronenbergWon
Outstanding Picture Editing – Feature Film Ronald Sanders Won
Outstanding Production Design – Feature Film Carol Spier Nominated
Outstanding Sound Editing – Feature FilmAlastair Gray and Michael O'FarrellWon
Edgar Allan Poe Awards [43] Best Motion Picture Screenplay Josh Olson (screenplay);
John Wagner and Vince Locke (graphic novel)
Nominated
Empire Awards Best Thriller Nominated
Best Actor Viggo Mortensen Nominated
French Syndicate of Cinema Critics Awards Best Foreign FilmDavid CronenbergWon
Gold Derby Film Awards [44] Best Motion Picture Chris Bender, David Cronenberg and J.C. Spink Nominated
Best DirectorDavid CronenbergNominated
Best Supporting ActressMaria BelloNominated
Best Adapted ScreenplayJosh OlsonNominated
Golden Globe Awards [45] Best Motion Picture – Drama Nominated
Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama Maria BelloNominated
Golden Schmoes Awards [46] Best Supporting Actress of the YearWon
Gotham Independent Film Awards [47] Best Feature David Cronenberg, Chris Bender and J.C. SpinkNominated
Hollywood Legacy AwardsWriter of the YearJosh OlsonWon
International Cinephile Society Awards [48] Top 10 Films of the Year3rd Place
Best DirectorDavid CronenbergWon
Best Supporting ActorWilliam HurtRunner-up
Best Adapted ScreenplayJosh OlsonRunner-up
International Film Music Critics Association Awards [49] Best Original Score for a Horror/Thriller Film Howard ShoreWon
International Online Cinema AwardsBest PictureNominated
Best DirectorDavid CronenbergNominated
Best ActorViggo MortensenNominated
Best Supporting ActorWilliam HurtNominated
Best Supporting ActressMaria BelloNominated
Best Adapted ScreenplayJosh OlsonNominated
Italian Online Movie AwardsBest DirectorDavid CronenbergNominated
Best Supporting ActressMaria BelloNominated
Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards [50] Best Supporting ActressWon
Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards [51] Best Picture5th Place
London Film Critics Circle Awards [52] Film of the Year Nominated
Director of the Year David CronenbergNominated
Actor of the Year Viggo MortensenNominated
Actress of the Year Maria BelloNominated
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards [53] Best Film Runner-up
Best Director David CronenbergRunner-up
Best Supporting Actor William HurtWon
National Board of Review Awards [54] Top Ten Films 5th Place
National Society of Film Critics Awards [55] Best Film 2nd Place
Best Director David CronenbergWon
Best Supporting Actor Ed Harris Won
New York Film Critics Circle Awards [56] Best Film Runner-up
Best Director David CronenbergRunner-up
Best Actor Viggo MortensenRunner-up
Best Supporting Actor William HurtWon
Best Supporting Actress Maria BelloWon
North Texas Film Critics Association AwardsBest Supporting ActorWilliam HurtWon
Online Film & Television Association Awards [57] Best PictureChris Bender, David Cronenberg and J.C. SpinkNominated
Best DirectorDavid CronenbergNominated
Best Supporting ActorWilliam HurtNominated
Best Supporting ActressMaria BelloWon
Best Adapted ScreenplayJosh OlsonNominated
Best Film EditingRonald SandersNominated
Best CastingMark Bennett and Deirdre BrownNominated
Best Cinematic MomentStair SceneNominated
Best Official Film WebsiteNominated
Online Film Critics Society Awards [58] Best Picture Won
Best Director David CronenbergWon
Best Supporting Actor William HurtNominated
Best Supporting Actress Maria BelloWon
Best Adapted Screenplay Josh OlsonNominated
Best Editing Ronald SandersNominated
San Diego Film Critics Society Awards Best Editing Won
Sant Jordi Awards Best Foreign FilmDavid CronenbergWon
Satellite Awards (2005) [59] Best Motion Picture – Drama Nominated
Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama Viggo MortensenNominated
Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama Maria BelloNominated
Satellite Awards (2006) [60] Outstanding Overall DVD Nominated
Saturn Awards [61] Best Action/Adventure/Thriller Film Nominated
Best Actor Viggo MortensenNominated
Best Supporting Actor William HurtNominated
Scream Awards Best DirectorDavid CronenbergNominated
Most Heroic PerformanceViggo MortensenNominated
The "Holy Sh!t"/"Jump-From-Your-Seat" AwardThe diner shootoutNominated
SESC Film FestivalBest Foreign Film (Audience Award)David CronenbergWon
Southeastern Film Critics Association Awards [62] Best Picture5th Place
St. Louis Film Critics Association Awards Best Director David CronenbergNominated
Toronto Film Critics Association Awards [63] Best Film Won
Best Canadian Film Won
Best Director David CronenbergWon
Turkish Film Critics Association Awards Best Foreign Film3rd Place
USC Scripter Awards [64] Josh Olson (screenwriter);
John Wagner and Vince Locke (authors)
Nominated
Utah Film Critics Association Awards [65] Best ActressMaria BelloRunner-up
Best Supporting ActorWilliam HurtNominated
Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards [66] Best Director David CronenbergNominated
Village Voice Film Poll Best FilmWon
Best DirectorDavid CronenbergWon
Best Lead PerformanceViggo Mortensen7th Place
Best Supporting PerformanceMaria BelloWon
Ed Harris8th Place
William Hurt5th Place
Best ScreenplayJosh Olson3rd Place
Writers Guild of America Awards [67] Best Adapted Screenplay Nominated
Young Artist Awards [68] Best Performance in a Feature Film – Young Actress Age Ten or YoungerHeidi HayesNominated

Indian adaptation

Leo, a 2023 Indian Tamil language film co-written and directed by Lokesh Kanagaraj, is an adaptation of A History of Violence. [69]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Cronenberg</span> Canadian filmmaker and film director (born 1943)

David Paul Cronenberg is a Canadian film director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He is a principal originator of the body horror genre, with his films exploring visceral bodily transformation, infectious diseases, and the intertwining of the psychological, physical, and technological. Cronenberg is best known for exploring these themes through sci-fi horror films such as Shivers (1975), Scanners (1981), Videodrome (1983) and The Fly (1986), though he has also directed dramas, psychological thrillers and gangster films.

<i>Witness</i> (1985 film) 1985 American neo-noir crime thriller film by Peter Weir

Witness is a 1985 American neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Peter Weir. The film stars Harrison Ford and Kelly McGillis, with Josef Sommer, Lukas Haas, Jan Rubeš, Danny Glover, Alexander Godunov, Patti LuPone and Viggo Mortensen. Its plot focuses on a police detective protecting an Amish woman and her son, who becomes a target after he witnesses a brutal murder in a Philadelphia railway station.

<i>The Thin Red Line</i> (1998 film) 1998 film by Terrence Malick

The Thin Red Line is a 1998 American epic war film written and directed by Terrence Malick. It is the second film adaptation of the 1962 novel by James Jones, following the 1964 film. Telling a fictionalized version of the Battle of Mount Austen, which was part of the Guadalcanal Campaign in the Pacific Theater of the Second World War, it portrays U.S. soldiers of C Company, 1st Battalion, 27th Infantry Regiment, 25th Infantry Division, played by Sean Penn, Jim Caviezel, Nick Nolte, Elias Koteas, and Ben Chaplin. The novel's title alludes to a line from Rudyard Kipling's poem "Tommy", from Barrack-Room Ballads, in which he calls Scottish foot soldiers "the thin red line of heroes", referring to the stand of the 93rd Regiment in the Battle of Balaclava of the Crimean War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viggo Mortensen</span> American actor (born 1958)

Viggo Peter Mortensen Jr. is an American actor, musician, and filmmaker. He is the recipient of various accolades, including nominations for three Academy Awards for Best Actor, three BAFTA Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, and an Independent Spirit Award.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Howard Shore</span> Canadian film score composer (born 1946)

Howard Leslie Shore is a Canadian composer, conductor and orchestrator noted for his film scores. He has composed the scores for over 80 films, most notably the scores for The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit film trilogies. He won three Academy Awards for his work on The Lord of the Rings, with one being for the song "Into the West", an award he shared with Eurythmics lead vocalist Annie Lennox and writer/producer Fran Walsh, who wrote the lyrics. He is a consistent collaborator with director David Cronenberg, having scored all but one of his films since 1979, and collaborated with Martin Scorsese on six of his films.

<i>Videodrome</i> 1983 film by David Cronenberg

Videodrome is a 1983 Canadian science fiction body horror film written and directed by David Cronenberg and starring James Woods, Sonja Smits, and Debbie Harry. Set in Toronto during the early 1980s, it follows the CEO of a small UHF television station who stumbles upon a broadcast signal of snuff films. Layers of deception and mind-control conspiracy unfold as he attempts to uncover the signal's source, complicated by increasingly intense hallucinations that cause him to lose his grasp on reality.

<i>The Fly</i> (1986 film) 1986 film by David Cronenberg

The Fly is a 1986 American science fiction horror film directed and co-written by David Cronenberg. Produced by Brooksfilms and distributed by 20th Century Fox, the film stars Jeff Goldblum, Geena Davis, and John Getz. Loosely based on George Langelaan's 1957 short story of the same name and the 1958 film of the same name, The Fly tells of an eccentric scientist who, after one of his experiments goes wrong, slowly turns into a fly-hybrid creature. The score was composed by Howard Shore and the make-up effects were created by Chris Walas, along with makeup artist Stephan Dupuis.

<i>Dead Ringers</i> (film) 1988 film by David Cronenberg

Dead Ringers is a 1988 psychological thriller film starring Jeremy Irons in a dual role as identical twin gynecologists. David Cronenberg directed and co-wrote the screenplay with Norman Snider. Their script was based on the lives of Stewart and Cyril Marcus and on the novel Twins by Bari Wood and Jack Geasland, a "highly fictionalized" version of the Marcuses' story.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sinéad Cusack</span> Irish stage, television and film actress

Sinéad Moira Cusack is an Irish actress. Her first acting roles were at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, before moving to London in 1969 to join the Royal Shakespeare Company. She has won the Critics' Circle and Evening Standard Awards for her performance in Sebastian Barry's Our Lady of Sligo.

<i>A History of Violence</i> (comics) 1997 graphic novel

A History of Violence is a graphic novel written by John Wagner and illustrated by Vince Locke, originally published in 1997 by Paradox Press and later by Vertigo Comics, both imprints of DC Comics.

<i>Crash</i> (1996 film) 1996 film by David Cronenberg

Crash is a 1996 Canadian erotic thriller film written, produced and directed by David Cronenberg, based on J. G. Ballard's 1973 novel of the same name. Starring James Spader, Deborah Kara Unger, Elias Koteas, Holly Hunter and Rosanna Arquette, it follows a film producer who, after surviving a car crash, becomes involved with a group of symphorophiliacs who are aroused by car crashes and tries to rekindle his sexual relationship with his wife.

The 71st New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honoring the best in film for 2005, were announced on 12 December 2005 and presented on 8 January 2006.

The 26th London Film Critics Circle Awards, honouring the best in film for 2005, were announced by the London Film Critics Circle on 8 February 2006.

<i>American Gangster</i> (film) 2007 film by Ridley Scott

American Gangster is a 2007 American biographical crime film directed and produced by Ridley Scott and written by Steven Zaillian. The film is loosely based on the criminal career of Frank Lucas, a gangster from La Grange, North Carolina who smuggled heroin into the United States on American service planes returning from the Vietnam War, before being detained by a task force led by Newark Detective Richie Roberts. The film stars Denzel Washington and Russell Crowe, with co-stars Ted Levine, John Ortiz, Josh Brolin, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Ruby Dee, Lymari Nadal and Cuba Gooding Jr.

<i>Eastern Promises</i> 2007 crime film by David Cronenberg

Eastern Promises is a 2007 British-Canadian gangster film directed by David Cronenberg from a screenplay by Steven Knight. The film tells the story of Anna, a Russian-British midwife who delivers the baby of a drug-addicted 14-year-old trafficked Ukrainian girl who dies in childbirth. After Anna learns that the teen was forced into prostitution by the Russian Mafia in London, the leader of the Russian gangsters threatens the baby's life, and Anna is warned off by his menacing henchman.

<i>A Dangerous Method</i> 2011 film by David Cronenberg

A Dangerous Method is a 2011 historical drama film directed by David Cronenberg. The film stars Keira Knightley, Viggo Mortensen, Michael Fassbender, Sarah Gadon, and Vincent Cassel. Its screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure, which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr, A Most Dangerous Method: The Story of Jung, Freud, and Sabina Spielrein.

<i>Maps to the Stars</i> 2014 film

Maps to the Stars is a 2014 internationally co-produced satirical comedy film directed by David Cronenberg, and starring Julianne Moore, Mia Wasikowska, John Cusack, Robert Pattinson, Olivia Williams, Sarah Gadon, and Evan Bird. The screenplay was written by Bruce Wagner, who had written a novel entitled Dead Stars based on the Maps to the Stars script, after initial plans for making the film with Cronenberg fell through.

<i>Falling</i> (2020 film) 2020 drama film that is Viggo Mortensens directorial debut

Falling is a 2020 drama film written and directed by Viggo Mortensen in his feature directorial debut. The film stars Mortensen as John Peterson, a middle-aged gay man whose homophobic father Willis starts to exhibit symptoms of dementia, forcing him to sell the family farm and move to Los Angeles to live with John and his husband Eric. The film's cast also includes Sverrir Gudnason, Laura Linney, Hannah Gross and David Cronenberg.

<i>Possessor</i> (film) 2020 film directed by Brandon Cronenberg

Possessor is a 2020 science fiction psychological horror film written and directed by Brandon Cronenberg. It stars Andrea Riseborough and Christopher Abbott, with Rossif Sutherland, Tuppence Middleton, Sean Bean, and Jennifer Jason Leigh in supporting roles. Riseborough portrays an assassin who performs her assignments through possessing the bodies of other individuals, but finds herself fighting to control the body of her current host (Abbott).

<i>Crimes of the Future</i> (2022 film) 2022 film by David Cronenberg

Crimes of the Future is a 2022 science fiction body horror drama film written and directed by David Cronenberg. The film stars Viggo Mortensen, Léa Seydoux and Kristen Stewart. It follows a performance artist duo who perform surgery for audiences in a future where human evolution has accelerated for much of the population. Although the film shares its title with Cronenberg's 1970 film of the same name, it is not a remake as the story and concept are unrelated. The film marked Cronenberg's return to the science fiction and horror genres for the first time since Existenz (1999).

References

  1. "A History of Violence". Library and Archives Canada . May 12, 2015. Archived from the original on May 31, 2023. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  2. "A History of Violence". filmportal.de . Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  3. "A History of Violence (2005)". catalog.afi.com. Archived from the original on March 29, 2023. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  4. "A History of Violence (2005)". BFI. Archived from the original on August 11, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 "A History of Violence (2005)". Box Office Mojo . Archived from the original on June 7, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  6. "Marrakech Fest: Viggo Mortensen Honored, Praises David Cronenberg". The Hollywood Reporter . December 8, 2014. Archived from the original on February 7, 2015. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  7. 1 2 "VHS era is winding down". L.A. Times. December 22, 2008. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  8. https://thehill.com/homenews/wire/3508514-what-was-the-last-movie-released-on-vhs/amp/
  9. Robey, Tim (May 14, 2014). "Viggo Mortensen interview: Peter Jackson sacrificed subtlety for CGI". telegraph.co.uk. The Telegraph. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
  10. "Toronto Film Studios begins construction of FILMPORT film/media complex" (Press release). CNW Group. Newswire. September 6, 2006. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007.
  11. Anastasia, George; MacNow, Glen (September 27, 2011). The Ultimate Book of Gangster Movies: Featuring the 100 Greatest Gangster Films of All Time. Running Press. ISBN   9780762441549. Archived from the original on November 25, 2023. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
  12. Cronenberg 2006, p. 179.
  13. A History of Violence DVD Extra: U.S. vs. European.
  14. A History of Violence DVD Extra: Scene 44.
  15. 1 2 "A History of Violence". Chicago Sun-Times . Archived from the original on November 19, 2010. Retrieved January 22, 2010.
  16. Mikulec, Sven (October 20, 2020). "'A History of Violence': David Cronenberg's Superb Study of the Basic Impulses that Drive Humanity". Archived from the original on January 25, 2021.
  17. Mathijs 2008, p. 233.
  18. Fienberg, Daniel (March 14, 2006). "A History of Violence". Morning Call. Archived from the original on November 2, 2019. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
  19. "A History of Violence". Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media . Retrieved May 11, 2023. OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  20. "A History of Violence". Metacritic . Fandom, Inc. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
  21. "Find CinemaScore" (Type "History of Violence, A" in the search box). CinemaScore. Archived from the original on August 9, 2019. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  22. "A History of Violence Review". Rolling Stone . September 30, 2005. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
  23. "A History of Violence". Entertainment Weekly . September 28, 2005. Archived from the original on December 3, 2009. Retrieved January 22, 2010.
  24. Dargis, Manohla (September 23, 2005). "Movie Review - A History of Violence". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 1, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2010.
  25. > take 7 film critics' poll, Village Voice Archived January 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  26. "Topping the list: Canada's cinematic achievements". National Post , December 14, 2005.
  27. "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time". Empire . Archived from the original on November 16, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2010.
  28. "Palmarez 2000" [Awards 2000]. Cahiers du Cinéma . Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
  29. "A History of Violence (2005)". Rolling Stone. December 3, 2010. Archived from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
  30. "The 21st Century's 100 greatest films". BBC. Archived from the original on August 23, 2016. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
  31. "The 78th Academy Awards (2006) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 9, 2014. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  32. "AFI Awards 2005". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
  33. "2005 Austin Film Critics Association Awards". Austin Film Critics Association . Archived from the original on December 4, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  34. "Kim Ki-duk, Grand Prix de l'UCC". La Libre Belgique (in French). January 9, 2006. Archived from the original on August 22, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
  35. "Årets Bodil-nomineringer – 2006". AOK. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
  36. "BAFTA Awards: Film in 2006". BAFTA . 2006. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  37. "Festival de Cannes: A History of Violence". festival-cannes.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2014. Retrieved December 5, 2009.
  38. "4th Annual Central Ohio Film Critics Association Awards". Central Ohio Film Critics Association. Archived from the original on June 3, 2019. Retrieved January 15, 2006.
  39. "The 2006 Caesars Ceremony". César Awards. Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  40. "1988-2013 Award Winner Archives". Chicago Film Critics Association . January 2013. Archived from the original on April 10, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  41. "The BFCA Critics' Choice Awards :: 2005". Broadcast Film Critics Association. Archived from the original on June 29, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
  42. "David Cronenberg sweeps Directors Guild of Canada awards" Archived September 29, 2022, at the Wayback Machine . CBC Arts, October 15, 2006.
  43. "Category List – Best Motion Picture". Edgar Awards . Archived from the original on January 29, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  44. "2005 Gold Derby Film Awards". Gold Derby . March 7, 2016. Archived from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  45. "A History of Violence – Golden Globes". HFPA . Archived from the original on June 14, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  46. "GOLDEN SCHMOES WINNERS AND NOMINEES (2005)". JoBlo.com. Archived from the original on February 26, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  47. "2005 Winners and nominees". Gotham Independent Film Awards. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  48. "2006 ICS Award Winners". International Cinephile Society . June 14, 2010. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
  49. IFMCA (2006). "2005 IFMCA Awards". IFMCA. Archived from the original on October 29, 2022. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  50. "KCFCC Award Winners – 2000-09". December 14, 2013. Archived from the original on March 18, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  51. "Previous Sierra Award Winners". lvfcs.org. Archived from the original on December 25, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  52. "London Critics Circle nominations announced". Time Out London. Archived from the original on June 25, 2012.
  53. "The 31st Annual Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards". Los Angeles Film Critics Association . Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  54. "2005 Award Winners". National Board of Review . Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  55. "Past Awards". National Society of Film Critics . December 19, 2009. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  56. "2005 New York Film Critics Circle Awards". New York Film Critics Circle . Archived from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  57. "10th Annual Film Awards (2005)". Online Film & Television Association. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  58. "9th Annual Online Film Critics Society Awards (2005)". Online Film Critics Society . January 3, 2012. Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  59. "2005 Satellite Awards". Satellite Awards . Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  60. "2006 Satellite Awards". Satellite Awards . Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  61. "Past Saturn Awards". Saturn Awards.org. Archived from the original on September 14, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
  62. "2005 SEFA Awards". sefca.net. Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  63. "Past Award Winners". Toronto Film Critics Association . May 29, 2014. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  64. "Past Scripter Awards". USC Scripter Awards . Archived from the original on February 22, 2021. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  65. "2005 Utah Film Critics Association Awards". Utah Film Critics Association. Archived from the original on April 14, 2023. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  66. "6th Annual VFCC Award Winners". Utah Film Critics Association. February 7, 2006. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved February 7, 2006.
  67. "Awards Winners". wga.org. Writers Guild of America. Archived from the original on December 5, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
  68. "27th Annual Young Artist Awards". YoungArtistAwards.org. Archived from the original on July 4, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
  69. Abrams, Simon. "Leo movie review & film summary (2023) | Roger Ebert". www.rogerebert.com. Archived from the original on October 22, 2023. Retrieved October 23, 2023.

Works cited