Autostrada A22 (Italy)

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Autostrada A22 Italia.svg
Autostrada A22
Autostrada del Brennero
Brennerautobahn
Italia - mappa autostrada A22.svg
Route information
Part of E45
Maintained by Autostrada del Brennero S.p.A.
Length315 km (196 mi)
Existed1968–present
Major junctions
South end Modena
Major intersections Autostrada A1 Italia.svg A1 in Modena
Autostrada A4 Italia.svg A4 in Verona
North end Brenner Pass
Location
Country Italy
Regions Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy, Veneto, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
Highway system
Autostrada A21 Italia.svg A 21 Autostrada A23 Italia.svg A 23

The Autostrada A22 or Autobrennero or Autostrada del Brennero ("Brenner Motorway"; German : Brennerautobahn) is one of the most important autostrada (Italian for "motorway") in Italy, as it connects Po Valley, the city of Modena and the Autostrada A1 to Austria through the Brenner Pass, located in the municipality of Brenner. The Autostrada A22 is 315 kilometres (196 mi) long. The operator of the road is Autostrada del Brennero S.p.A.

Contents

History

The construction of one of the many viaducts of the Autostrada A22 in the 1970s Costruzione A22.JPG
The construction of one of the many viaducts of the Autostrada A22 in the 1970s

In 1949, during the Geneva Convention on Road Traffic, it was designed a route, identified as E56, leading from Scandinavia to the southernmost point of Italy. The current Autobrennero track was already part of that route plan.

The next step for the fulfillment of the project was the foundation of Autostrada del Brennero S.p.A., on 20 February 1959, that two years later was given the concession for the building and the following management of the highway. Autostrada del Brennero S.p.A. is still the company which curates A22 infrastructure. The motorway track was initially designed by Bruno and Lino Gentilini, assisted by senator Guido de Unterrichter. The first plan was then edited, and it was made up by two carriageways, 7,5 × 2 metres each. The project Verona-Brenner was approved by ANAS on 25 January 1962, while the segment Verona-Modena was approved during the following year. Later on, several plots of land had to be dispossessed, underpasses and flyovers had to be built (for both roads and railroads), 307 kilometers of power lines and 74 km of telephone lines even had to be moved away. It all required about 23 billion lira. [1]

In 1963, the definitive track plan was approved. The first segment open to the public – 50 km between Bolzano and Trento – was inaugurated on 21 December 1968. The first motorway traffic between Italy and Austria occurred on 5 April 1971. [1]

After the opening of other segments, the highway could be considered as definitively completed on 11 April 1974, with the inauguration of the section between Chiusa and Bolzano, resulting in the most complicated one due to the complex infrastructural and engineering work. Overall, at that time 21 entrance-and-exit toll booths and 12 service stations were opened.

At that time the overall cost of A22 amounted to 243,721,821,000 lire, or about 780 million lire per kilometer. Only in 1984, highway A22 managed to have its first net profit. [1]

During the years, the expressway A22 had been subjected to few track modifications; mostly toll booths have been opened or closed. For instance:

Nowadays, the motorway consists of 313,5 km of track, with 23 entrance toll booths, 22 exit toll booths, 6 security centers, 6 service centers, and 22 gas stations.

Features

Autostrada A22 from Verona to Bolzano A22 Autostrada - Brenner Pass from Verona to Bolzano (5994736833).jpg
Autostrada A22 from Verona to Bolzano

With a total of 313 km of highway track, A22 originates near Modena, at the interchange on motorway A1, not far from Modena Nord toll booth. After Modena, the motorway traverses the whole Po Valley, overshooting Carpi and Mantua. In Verona A22 crosses highway A4, afterwards it settles in the Adige Valley, in parallel to Lake Garda. It goes past Rovereto, then passing through Trento and Bolzano. From here, it sets inside the Isarco Valley (known in German as 'Eisacktal'), tighter than Po and Adige valleys. Therefore, here A22 twists and turns through the valley, easily overtaking Bressanone and then going over Vipiteno toll booth. Finally, A22 reaches the Brenner Pass in Brennero, where it gets the Austrian border and comes to its end. Here, the passageway Modena-Munich goes on crossing the boundary, following the Austrian A13 Brenner Autobahn. As it clearly appears, A22 is a strongly important highway for connections and transports between Southern and Northern Europe, designed on a track studied and planned to make use of one of the lowest mountain passes in the Alps, the Brenner Pass – one of the busiest borders in Europe – located at only 1375 m above sea level.

Statistical studies calculated that this expressway moves 30,000–40,000 vehicles per day (among them, approximately a third are heavy vehicles), with higher peaks during holiday transfers; sometimes the circulation of traffic comes to a standstill, because of this congestion, causing several serious breakings, queues and small accidents and rear-end collisions, also due to the limitation of the track at just two lanes. To avoid these problems, it is suggested and incentivized the use of intermodal freight transport for the heavy vehicles, taking them onto specific wagons or boxcars, and the conveyance abroad from Verona by railway.

A22 guardrails, whose brown colour is very typical, are made in Corten Steel, an alloy showing elevated corrosion resistance rates and high mechanical strength.

Traffic news in Trentino-Alto Adige are provided by Radio NBC (in Italian) and radio Südtirol 1 (in German), whereas in the remaining section are broadcast by radio Pico.

Track

Autostrada A22 near Campogalliano Autostrada del Brennero vicino a Campogalliano.jpg
Autostrada A22 near Campogalliano

The highway is 315 km long: the track begins nearby Modena, at the junction with Autostrada A1, and vertically crosses the whole Northern Italy, finally reaching at the Brenner Pass, along the Austrian border. Once over the boundary, the expressway is connected with A13 Austrian motorway (Brennerautobahn A13, Innsbruck-Brenner). A22 highway passes through four Italian regions (Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto, Lombardia, Emilia-Romagna). The management of the road has been assigned since its construction to specific concessionaires and motorway maintenance companies.

European roads

A22 highway, inside the network of European roads, is part for its entire track of the north–south route E45, connecting Karesuando and Gela. The main intersection with the west–east routes is with E70 (in that point represented by Italian motorway A4) in Verona.

Signage

Signage is bilingual: both in Italian and in German, due to the fact that in the province of Bolzano German is mostly spoken.

Route

Autostrada A22 near Egna Autostrada22.jpg
Autostrada A22 near Egna
Autostrada A22 near Terme di Brennero BrenneroViadotto1.JPG
Autostrada A22 near Terme di Brennero
Autostrada A22 near Pegognaga Strommasten Verona 2020-07-18.jpg
Autostrada A22 near Pegognaga
Autostrada A22 near Colle Isarco Autostrada A22 - viadotto Colle Isarco.jpg
Autostrada A22 near Colle Isarco
Autostrada A22 near Affi Ao Di Li Yin Si Bu Lu Ke Qu ,Yi Da Li Wei Ni Si De Lu Shang ,Innsbruck, Austria to Venice, Italy - panoramio (5).jpg
Autostrada A22 near Affi
Autostrada A22 near Rovereto A22Rovereto.jpg
Autostrada A22 near Rovereto
Rest area "Paganella" Autobahn-Raststatte auf dem Weg Richtung Gardasee (1) (36301014782).jpg
Rest area "Paganella"
Autostrada A22 near Vadena Ao Di Li Yin Si Bu Lu Ke Qu ,Yi Da Li Wei Ni Si De Lu Shang ,Innsbruck, Austria to Venice, Italy - panoramio (45).jpg
Autostrada A22 near Vadena
Autostrada A22 near Fortezza Route from Austrian border to Milan. August 2016. (33537144994).jpg
Autostrada A22 near Fortezza
Autostrada A22 near Renon Autostrada22 ponti.jpg
Autostrada A22 near Renon
Autostrada A22 Italia.svg MODENA – BRENNERO
Autostrada del Brennero
Exit↓km↓↑km↑ProvinceEuropean Route
AB-Kreuz-grun.svg Italian traffic signs - strada europea 35.svg Italian traffic signs - strada europea 45.svg Autostrada A1 Italia.svg Milano - Bologna 0315 MO Tabliczka E45.svg E45
AB-AS-grun.svg Campogalliano 3311
Italian traffic signs - simbolo area servizio.svg Rest area "Campogalliano"5309
AB-AS-grun.svg Carpi 11303
AB-AS-grun.svg Reggiolo - Rolo 28286 RE
AB-AS-grun.svg Pegognaga
Strada Statale 62 Italia.svg Suzzara - Parma
37277 MN
Italian traffic signs - simbolo area servizio.svg Rest area "Po"47267
AB-AS-grun.svg Mantova sud49265
AB-AS-grun.svg Mantova nord57257
AB-AS-grun.svg Nogarole Rocca 71243 VR
Italian traffic signs - simbolo area servizio.svg Rest area "Povegliano"74240
AB-Kreuz-grun.svg Italian traffic signs - strada europea 70.svg Autostrada A4 Italia.svg Milano - Venezia
AB-AS-grun.svg Verona sud
86228
AB-AS-grun.svg Verona nord
Italian traffic signs - icona aeroporto.svg Verona Villafranca Airport
88226
Italian traffic signs - simbolo area servizio.svg Rest area "Garda"104210
AB-AS-grun.svg Affi - Lago di Garda sud
Italian traffic signs - icona mare fiume lago.svg Lake Garda
108206
Italian traffic signs - simbolo area servizio.svg Rest area "Adige"128186
AB-AS-grun.svg Ala - Avio

Italian traffic signs - icona castello.svg Castle of Avio
Italian traffic signs - icona foresta.svg Monte Baldo - Prà Alpesina  [ it ]

135179 TN
AB-AS-grun.svg Rovereto sud - Lago di Garda nord
Italian traffic signs - icona mare fiume lago.svg Lake Garda
Italian traffic signs - icona esposizione-fiera.svg Riva del Garda
Strada Statale 240 Italia.svg di Loppio e Val di Ledro - Giudicarie
147167
Italian traffic signs - simbolo area servizio.svg Rest area "Nogaredo"154160
AB-AS-grun.svg Rovereto nord
Italian traffic signs - icona mare fiume lago.svg Lake Cei  [ it ]
Strada Statale 46 Italia.svg del Pasubio- Vallarsa
156158
AB-AS-grun.svg Trento sud
Strada Statale 237 Italia.svg del Caffaro - Valle del Chiese  [ it ] - Storo
Strada Statale 239 Italia.svg di Campiglio - Val Rendena
Strada Statale 349 Italia.svg di Val d'Assa e Pedemontana Costo - Altopiano della Vigolana
174140
AB-AS-grun.svg Trento centro
Strada Statale 45bis Italia.svg Gardesana Occidentale
178136
AB-AS-grun.svg Trento nord
Italian traffic signs - icona industria.svg Interporto di Trento  [ it ]

Strada Statale 47 Italia.svg della Valsugana
Strada Statale 48 Italia.svg delle Dolomiti - Fiemme Valley e Fassa Valley
Strada Statale 43 Italia.svg della Val di Non - Non Valley e Val di Sole
Strada Statale 612 Italia.svg della Val di Cembra

182132
Italian traffic signs - simbolo area servizio.svg Rest area "Paganella"185129
AB-AS-grun.svg San Michele all'Adige - Mezzocorona
Italian traffic signs - icona mare fiume lago.svg Lake Molveno
Strada Statale 43 Italia.svg della Val di Non - Mezzolombardo
Strada Statale 239 Italia.svg di Campiglio - Madonna di Campiglio
Strada Statale 421 Italia.svg dei Laghi di Molveno e Tenno - Paganella
193121
AB-AS-grun.svg Egna - Ora - Termeno sulla Strada del Vino|Termeno
Strada Statale 50 Italia.svg del Grappa e del Passo Rolle - San Martino di Castrozza
Strada del vino dell'Alto Adige  [ it ]
212102 BZ
Italian traffic signs - simbolo area servizio.svg Rest area "Castel Varco"21899
AB-AS-grun.svg Bolzano sud / Bolzano Süd
Italian traffic signs - icona esposizione-fiera.svg Fiera di Bolzano  [ it ]
Italian traffic signs - icona aeroporto.svg Bolzano Airport
Strada Statale 38 Italia.svg dello Stelvio
Strada Statale 42 Italia.svg del Tonale e della Mendola - Mendel Pass
22985
AB-AS-grun.svg Bolzano nord - Val d'Ega 23777
Italian traffic signs - simbolo area servizio.svg Rest area "Sciliar [6] 69
Italian traffic signs - simbolo area servizio.svg Rest area "Isarco [7] 250
AB-AS-grun.svg Chiusa - Val Gardena
Strada Statale 242 Italia.svg di Val Gardena e Passo Sella - Laion
26153
AB-AS-grun.svg Bressanone zona industriale
Italian traffic signs - icona industria.svg Bressanone industrial area
26648
Italian traffic signs - simbolo area servizio.svg Rest area "Plose"27242
AB-AS-grun.svg Bressanone - Val Pusteria
E66-IT.svg Strada Statale 49 Italia.svg della Pusteria
Strada Statale 244 Italia.svg di Val Badia
Strada Statale 621 Italia.svg della Valle Aurina
Strada Statale 51 Italia.svg di Alemagna - Cortina d'Ampezzo
27638
Italian traffic signs - simbolo area servizio.svg Rest area "Trens"29420
AB-AS-grun.svg Vipiteno
Strada Statale 12 Italia.svg dell'Abetone e del Brennero
Strada Statale 44 Italia.svg del Passo di Giovo
Strada Statale 508 Italia.svg di Val Sarentino e del Passo di Vizze
29816
Italian traffic signs - stazione.svg Toll gate "Brennero"29816
AB-AS-grun.svg Colle Isarco [8]
Strada Statale 12 Italia.svg dell'Abetone e del Brennero
307
AB-AS-grun.svg Italian traffic signs - icona terme.svg Terme di Brennero [9] 6
AB-AS-grun.svg Brennero sud
Strada Statale 12 Italia.svg dell'Abetone e del Brennero - Val di Fleres  [ it ]
3095
AB-Autobahnkiosk.svg Rest area "Plessi"
Italian traffic signs - icona museo.svg Plessi Museum
3121
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Austria.svg Austria–Italy border
A13-AT.svg Brenner Autobahn - Innsbruck
3130

Works and projects

Dynamic lane

In the section between Trento Sud and Rovereto Nord, a pilot project of the so-called "third dynamic lane", which includes the use of the breakdown lane as a normal drive lane when occurring particular situations such as traffic congestions. This is signalled to drivers by determined lightning Variable-message signs along the route as they display green arrows if the breakdown lane is usable as a normal lane, oblique yellow arrows if the third lane is being shut down, and red crosses if the third lane is closed and can be used only in case of emergency. [10] This project includes the use of the dynamic lane technique also in the segment between Bolzano Sud and Verona Nord tollbooths, [11] where it is scheduled to take place the interchange with the third permanent lane (which is going to be built) up to the intersection with motorway A1 in Modena. [12]

Third lane

By 2016 the work for the realisation of the third motorway lane in the segment between Verona Nord toll booth and the intersection with highway A1 in Modena Nord had begun. In this last section, the interchange will be enlarged enough to satisfy the needs of the constantly rising traffic. Moreover, it will be already prearranged for the future add-on towards Sassuolo (through a beltway). For this extension of the motorway, no land expropriations are planned to be brought. Instead, the already present 11 meters of central reservation between the two carriageways will be used. This intervention also provides for the widening of the hard shoulder of about one meter. Furthermore, it is planned the building of lay-by stopping places every 500 meters. [13] [14]

Beltway Campogalliano-Sassuolo

The project about the elongation of the A22 heading South, from the junction of Campogalliano to Sassuolo, 14 km long and provided with 6 tollbooths, was approved in 2005 by ANAS Governing Body. [15] The beginning of the work, which was subcontracted to the temporary enterprise association Autocs (made up by Autostrada del Brennero spa, Coopsette, Impresa Pizzarotti & C., Cordioli, Edilizia Wipptal, Oberosler, and Consorzio stabile Coseam Italia), is due in May 2018. Works will last four years, for a total amount of 516 million euros.

The executive project provides for the realisation of 25,5 km of road in total, 14 km of which represented by the above-mentioned highway add-on Campogalliano-Sassuolo, 6 km constituting the new Rubiera south bypass (with extra 1,4 km for the joint), and 3,6 km for the joint with Modena ring road. Two viaducts are planned to be built to cross river Secchia (814 m) and to overpass via Emilia and Milano-Bologna railway beam (621 m), and two underground tunnels to shield the natural oasis in Colombarone di Formigine, in addition to 15 underpasses and 12 flyovers for the secondary traffic stream. [16]

Ti.Bre. (beltway with A15)

Ti.Bre project route Ti-Bre mappa percorso.svg
Ti.Bre project route

Ti.Bre project (Italian acronym for Tyrrhenian-Brenner) includes the lengthening of highway A15 La Spezia-Parma northbound, from Fontevivo (Parma Ovest) to Nogarole Rocca tollbooth on A22, consisting of 85 km in total. [17]

In March 2017, 12 km out of the 85 km planned were under construction, for a total amount of 2.7 billion euros. The link ends in San Quirico di Trecasali (Parma). [18]

Trento and Rovereto urban bypass

In order to solve the traffic problems inside the cities of Trento and Rovereto, it is under consideration of the Autonomous Province of Trento the free use of the highway in the sections between the tollbooths of Trento Nord and Sud, and Rovereto Nord and Sud. In particular, in the city of Rovereto, not being served by its own ring road, often occur long queues and traffic jams, frequently causing delays and accidents. The study provides for the gratuitousness of the segments between the tollbooths just for the citizens who entered and exited at the toll booths at issue. This is preferable due to the elevated construction costs of the potential building of an orbital road around Rovereto, about 200 million euros against about one million euro per year as pledged by the agreement between the Province and A22, and due to the lower environmental and panoramic impact compared to the building of a new ring road. [19] [20]

Hydrogen highway

A22 was due to be the first "hydrogen highway" all over Europe. By 2010, the motorway was planned to be served by a hydrogen supply system, based upon the California Hydrogen Net (CaH2Net), realised due to the will of the governor of the State of California Arnold Schwarzenegger. Hydrogen, not present in nature in its free form, must be produced by petroleum or by alternative sources; in line with the severe environmental safeguard adopted in the area of Bolzano, the propellant was due to be produced by renewable sources.

After prolonged hesitations by both the province and A22, led respectively by Luis Durnwalder and Silvano Grisenti, in 2013 the works for the realisation of the hydrogen production plant got underway, despite the fact that yet in 2012 no decisions were made.

In summer 2014, the plant was finished, supplying a new fuel station nearby Bolzano Sud tollbooth, inaugurated at the end of November. [21]

Trento Sud toll booth

On 3 May 2011 Trento Sud tollbooth was opened, and it allowed to redirect the traffic circulation on the Trento orbital road whenever the motorway is partially or totally shut down. However, with the opening of Trento Sud tollbooth, the Trento Centro one has been closed outbound. [4] [22]

See also

Other Italian roads

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References

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  6. Southbound only
  7. Northbound only
  8. Only exit towards Brenner
  9. Entry only towards Modena
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  14. "Misure per minimizzare l'impatto ambientale" (PDF) (in Italian). Retrieved 27 May 2024.
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