Chinatown-International District, Seattle

	Seattle Chinatown Historic District
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	U.S. Historic district
	Historic Chinatown Gate in the Seattle Chinatown Historic District
Location	Roughly bounded by Main, Jackson, I-5, Weller, and Fifth, Seattle, Washington
Area	23 acres (9.3 ha)
Architectural style	Beaux Arts
NRHP reference #	86003153 [1]
Added to NRHP	November 6, 1986

Last updated March 19, 2019

The Chinatown-International District of Seattle, Washington (also known as the CID) is the center of Seattle's Asian American community. Within the Chinatown International District are the three neighborhoods known as Seattle's Chinatown , Japantown , and Little Saigon , named for the concentration of businesses owned by people of Chinese, Japanese, and Vietnamese descent, respectively. The geographic area also once included Seattle's Manilatown.^[2] The name Chinatown-International District was established by City Ordinance 119297 in 1999 as a result of the three neighborhoods' work and consensus on the Seattle Chinatown International District Urban Village Strategic Plan submitted to the City Council in December 1998. Like many other areas of Seattle, the neighborhood is multiethnic, but the majority of its residents are of Chinese ethnicity.^[3] It is one of eight historic neighborhoods recognized by the City of Seattle.^[4] CID has a mix of residences and businesses and is a tourist attraction for its ethnic Asian businesses and landmarks.^[5]

A Chinatown is an ethnic enclave of Chinese people located outside mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, or Taiwan, most often in an urban setting. Areas known as "Chinatown" exist throughout the world, including Asia, Australia, Zealandia, North America, South America, Africa and Europe.

Japantown is a common name for official Japanese communities in big cities outside Japan. Alternatively, a Japantown may be called J-town, Little Tokyo or Nihonmachi (日本町), the first two being common names for the Japanese communities in San Francisco, San Jose and Los Angeles, respectively.

Little Saigon ethnic enclaves of expatriate Vietnamese in some cities

Little Saigon is a name given to ethnic enclaves of expatriate Vietnamese mainly in English-speaking countries. Alternate names include Little Vietnam and Little Hanoi, depending on the enclave's political history. Saigon is the former name of the capital of the former South Vietnam, where a large number of first-generation Vietnamese immigrants arriving to the United States originate, whereas Hanoi is the current capital of Vietnam.

Location

Boundaries of the CID are from 4th Avenue South to Rainier Avenue and from Yesler Way to Charles Street/Dearborn. The CID neighborhood stretches from Fourth Avenue S., beyond which are Pioneer Square and SoDo, east to Rainier Avenue South, beyond which is Rainier Valley. South of the Dearborn and Charles Street boundaries are Beacon Hill and the Industrial District; while north of Yesler Way, the northern boundary of the Chinatown International District, lies Downtown and First Hill.

Pioneer Square is a neighborhood in the southwest corner of Downtown Seattle, Washington, USA. It was once the heart of the city: Seattle's founders settled there in 1852, following a brief six-month settlement at Alki Point on the far side of Elliott Bay. The early structures in the neighborhood were mostly wooden, and nearly all burned in the Great Seattle Fire of 1889. By the end of 1890, dozens of brick and stone buildings had been erected in their stead; to this day, the architectural character of the neighborhood derives from these late 19th century buildings, mostly examples of Richardsonian Romanesque.

SoDo, Seattle human settlement in United States of America

SoDo, alternatively SODO, is a neighborhood in Seattle, Washington, that makes up part of the city's Industrial District. It is bounded on the north by South King Street, beyond which is Pioneer Square; on the south by South Spokane Street, beyond which is more of the Industrial District; on the west by the Duwamish Waterway, across which is West Seattle; and on the east by Metro Transit's Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel and SoDo Busway, beyond which is the International District and the rest of the Industrial District.

The Rainier Valley district in Seattle is located east of Beacon Hill; west of Mount Baker, Seward Park, and Leschi; south of the Central District and First Hill; and north of Rainier Beach. It is part of Seattle's South End.

Within the CID are the three neighborhoods of Chinatown, Japantown, and Little Saigon. The Seattle Chinatown Historic District, so designated by the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1986, is roughly south of Jackson and west of I-5, with Hing Hay Park at its heart. In the present day, Japantown is centered on 6th Avenue and Main Street and Little Saigon's main nexus is 12th Avenue South and South Jackson Street.

National Register of Historic Places federal and nsa list of historic sites in the United States

The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance. A property listed in the National Register, or located within a National Register Historic District, may qualify for tax incentives derived from the total value of expenses incurred preserving the property.

Interstate 5 (I-5) is an Interstate Highway on the West Coast of the United States, serving as the region's primary north–south route. It travels 277 miles (446 km) across the state of Washington, running from the Oregon state border at Vancouver, through the Puget Sound region, and to the Canadian border at Blaine. Within the Seattle metropolitan area, the freeway connects the cities of Tacoma, Seattle, and Everett.

History

19th century

Chinese immigrants first came to the Pacific Northwest in the 1850s, and by the 1860s, some had settled in Seattle. Many of the first Chinese immigrants to Washington came from Guangdong province, especially Taishan.^[6] The first Chinese quarters were near Yesler's Mill on the waterfront. According to Chinese oral history, the waterfront was the first Chinatown, where the Chinese dock workers lived. In 1886 whites drove out most of Seattle's Chinese population. However, some took shelter with Native Americans on the reservations while others came under the protection of white employers and a judge. The Great Seattle Fire of 1889 further hindered the community. Eventually, the Chinese re-established new quarters farther inland, along Washington St. and Second Avenue South. This was the second Chinatown. Land values rose, especially with impending construction of the Smith Tower, and the people of Chinatown moved again, to the present and third location along King Street. Only the Hop Sing Tong managed to retain its building on 2nd and Washington. It sold this building about 2006 in order to purchase the former China Gate building in the current Chinatown.

The Pacific Northwest (PNW), sometimes referred to as Cascadia, is a geographic region in western North America bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and (loosely) by the Cascade Mountain Range on the east. Though no official boundary exists, the most common conception includes the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC) and the U.S. states of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Broader conceptions reach north into Southeast Alaska and Yukon, south into northern California, and east of the Continental Divide to include Western Montana and parts of Wyoming. Narrower conceptions may be limited to the coastal areas west of the Cascade and Coast mountains. The variety of definitions can be attributed to partially overlapping commonalities of the region's history, culture, geography, society, and other factors.

Taishan or Taishan County, formerly romanized in Cantonese as Toishan, in local dialect as Hoisan or Toisan, and formerly known as Xinning or Sunning, is a county-level city in the southwest of Guangdong province, China. It is administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen. During the 2010 census, there were 941,095 inhabitants, of which 394,855 were classified as urban. Taishan calls itself the "First Home of the Overseas Chinese". An estimated half a million Chinese Americans are of Taishanese descent.

Henry L. Yesler was an entrepreneur and a politician, regarded as a founder of the city of Seattle. Yesler served two non-consecutive terms as Mayor of Seattle, and was the city's wealthiest resident during his lifetime.

Near the end of the 19th century, Japanese immigrants also began arriving, settling on the south side of the district on the other side of the railroad tracks. Part of present-day Dearborn Street, between 8th and 12th avenues, was known as Mikado Street, after the Japanese word for "emperor."^[7] Japanese Americans developed Nihonmachi, or Japantown, on Main Street, two blocks north of King Street. By the mid-1920s, Nihonmachi extended from 4th Avenue along Main to 7th Avenue, with clusters of businesses along Jackson, King, Weller, Lane, and Dearborn streets.^[8]

20th century

As downtown property values rose, the Chinese were forced to other areas. By the early 1900s, a new Chinatown began to develop along King Street. In 1910, Goon Dip, a prominent businessman in Seattle's Chinese American community,^[9] led a group of Chinese Americans to form the Kong Yick Investment Company, a benefit society. Their funding and efforts led to the construction of two buildings—the East Kong Yick Building and the West Kong Yick Building.^[10] Meanwhile, Filipino Americans began arriving to replace the Chinese dock workers, who had moved inland. According to Pamana I, a history of Filipino Americans in Seattle, they settled along First Hill and the hotels and boarding houses of Chinatown and Japantown beginning in the early 1920s. They were attracted to work as contract laborers in agriculture and salmon canneries.^[11]^[12] Among them was Filipino author Carlos Bulosan, who wrote of his experiences and those of his countrymen in his novel America Is In The Heart (1946).^[13]

A benefit society, fraternal benefit society or fraternal benefit order is a society, an organization or a voluntary association formed to provide mutual aid, benefit, for instance insurance for relief from sundry difficulties. Such organizations may be formally organized with charters and established customs, or may arise ad hoc to meet unique needs of a particular time and place. Many major financial institutions existing today, particularly some insurance companies, mutual savings banks, and credit unions, trace their origins back to benefit societies, as can many modern fraternal organizations and fraternal orders which are now viewed as being primarily social; the modern legal system essentially requires all such organizations of appreciable size to incorporate as one of these forms or another to continue to exist on an ongoing basis.

The East Kong Yick Building is one of two buildings erected in Seattle, Washington's Chinatown-International District (ID) by the Kong Yick Investment Company. A four-story hotel in the core of the ID, with retail stores at ground level, the East Kong Yick was created by the pooled resources of 170 Chinese American pioneers. In, 2008, the building reopened as the home of the expanded Wing Luke Asian Museum.

A salmon cannery is a factory that commercially cans salmon. It is a fish-processing industry that became established on the Pacific coast of North America during the 19th century, and subsequently expanded to other parts of the world that had easy access to salmon.

In 1942 the federal government forcibly removed and detained people of Japanese ancestry from Seattle and the West Coast in the wake of the attack on Pearl Harbor. Authorities moved them to inland internment camps, where they lived from 1942 to 1946. Most of Seattle's Japanese residents were sent to Minidoka in Idaho.^[14] After the war, many returned to the Pacific Northwest but relocated to the suburbs or other districts in Seattle. A remaining vestige of the old community is the office of the North American Post , a Japanese-language newspaper founded in 1902. Another is the Panama Hotel, which was proclaimed a National Treasure in 2015 with a prior listing on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.^[15] Uwajimaya, originally a Japantown store, moved down the hill into Chinatown.

African Americans moved to Seattle in the Great Migration, mostly out of the South, to work in the war industry during World War II, occupying many of the houses left vacant by the internment of the Japanese Americans. They filled the empty businesses along Jackson Street with notable jazz clubs.^[5]

In 1951, Seattle Mayor William D. Devin proclaimed the area "International Center" because of the diversity of people who resided and worked in the vicinity. Businesswoman and later city councilwoman Ruby Chow and others criticized the use of "international" for masking Chinese American history. The use of "International District" by the city remains controversial.^[5]^[16]

Seattle's first neighborhood advocacy group, the Jackson Street Community Council, opposed the construction of an interstate highway through the area.^[5] Despite protest, many Chinese and Japanese buildings and businesses were destroyed for the construction of Interstate 5 in the 1960s. Ethnic Asians formed new civic organizations (as compared to the traditional Chinese family associations, tongs and social clubs) serve needs ranging from community health, care of the elderly, information and referrals, counseling, historic preservation, marketing of the area, and building low-income housing.

In 1975 with the fall of Saigon, a new wave of immigrants from Vietnam and Southeast Asia established Seattle's Little Saigon east of I-5. Many of these immigrants were of Chinese descent. Viet Wah became Little Saigon's anchor store in 1981, and the famous boat-shaped restaurant Pho Bac introduced Vietnamese pho to the city in 1982.^[17]^[18]

The worst mass murder in the history of Seattle took place at the Wah Mee Club on Maynard Alley on February 18, 1983. Thirteen people were killed.

In 1986, a portion of Chinatown and Japantown was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the "Seattle Chinatown Historic District."^[19] That year the Wing Luke Memorial Museum moved to 7th Avenue, a location it would occupy for two decades.

In 1999, the City Council approved the "Chinatown-International District Urban Village Strategic Plan" for the future of the neighborhood. This plan, agreed to by all major organizations in the CID, led to City Ordinance 119297. This ordinance enshrined the three neighborhoods of Chinatown, Japantown, Little Saigon and the Chinatown Historic District into one larger neighborhood with a compromised name. Since then, the often conflicting interests of development, preservation and the conversion of old buildings to low-income housing have clashed as office developments (e.g., Union Station) and market-rate housing developments are overwhelmed by drastic increases in low-income housing stock. In addition, controversy erupted over vacating S. Lane Street as part of a large redevelopment by the private business Uwajimaya. Protesters formed the Save Lane Street organization and insisted as business owners they supported re-development, but opposed vacating a public street for a private business use. After losing a lawsuit filed over the matter, the Save Lane Street group dissolved.^[20]

21st Century

Construction on a paifang for the neighborhood began in 2006 and the Historic Chinatown Gate was unveiled on February 9, 2008. It stands at the west end of Jackson Street. It is 45 feet tall and made from steel and plaster.^[21]

The Wing Luke Museum moved to its present location in the East Kong Yick Building in 2008.^[22]

Culture

The neighborhood hosts a Lunar New Year festival near the East Asian Lunar New Year; Dragon Fest, a pan-Asian American festival, during the summer; and a night market in early fall.^[23] The nonprofit Friends of Little Saigon hosts an annual Celebrate Little Saigon event that celebrates Vietnamese culture.^[24]

Landmarks and Institutions

Certain neighborhood buildings in Seattle's Chinatown incorporate Chinese architectural designs such as balconies for on the second or third floors or tile roofs.^[25] The neighborhood also has public art installations by artists such as George Tsutakawa and Norie Sato. Artists Meng Huang and Heather Presler installed Chinese dragon sculptures on lampposts along Jackson Street in 2002.^[26]

Notable businesses and landmarks include:

Danny Woo International District Community Garden
Donnie Chin International Children's Park
Hing Hay Park
Historic Chinatown Gate (Seattle)
Nippon Kan Theater (closed)
Kobe Terrace
Panama Hotel
Uwajimaya
Wing Luke Museum of the Asian Pacific American Experience

Population

45.4% of the people living in the CID are of Asian ancestry. Here are the list of ethnic groups that live in the CID: • Chinese: 1,166 (22.1%) • Vietnamese: 274 (5.19%) • Filipino: 180 (3.41%) • Japanese: 122 (2.31%) • Korean: 108 (2.05%) • Indian: 78 (1.48%) • Taiwanese: 14 (0.27%) • Other: 53 (1.01%)

Related Research Articles

Washington, D.C.'s Chinatown is a small, historic area east of Downtown Washington, D.C., consisting of about 20 ethnic Chinese and other Asian restaurants and small businesses along H and I Streets between 5th and 8th Streets, Northwest. It is also the home to numerous non-Asian stores and businesses, including national and international chains like McDonalds and Starbucks, many of which display their names in Chinese characters. It is known for its annual Chinese New Year festival and parade and the Friendship Arch, a Chinese gate built over H Street at 7th Street. Other nearby prominent landmarks include the Capital One Arena, a sports and entertainment arena, and the Old Patent Office Building, which houses two of the Smithsonian Museums. The neighborhood is served by the Gallery Place station of the Washington Metro.

Oklahoma City's Asia District, also known as the Asian District, is the center of Asian culture and International cuisine and commerce in the state of Oklahoma. It contains the largest population of Asian Americans and descendants from Asia in the state.

Chinatowns in Asia are widespread with a large concentration of overseas Chinese in East Asia and Southeast Asia and ethnic Chinese whose ancestors came from southern China - particularly the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, and Hainan - and settled in countries such as Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Japan and Korea centuries ago—starting as early as the Tang Dynasty, but mostly notably in the 17th through the 19th centuries, and well into the 20th century. Today the Chinese diaspora in Asia is largely concentrated in Southeast Asia however the legacy of the once widespread overseas Chinese communities in Asia is evident in the many Chinatowns that are found across East, South and Southeast Asia.

An Asian supermarket is a category of grocery stores in Western countries that stocks items imported from the multiple countries in East, South and Southeast Asia. Supermarkets in Asia generally have no equivalent to the "Asian" supermarkets of the West; foodstuffs in each respective Asian country have vastly different regulations and supply chains from one another, so stores are localized for each country's tastes and only carry locally approved items for that market. Examples of this: seaweed snacks, originate in Japan where they are salty or savory, in Thailand they are often spicy and locally produced.

The Wing Luke Museum of the Asian Pacific American Experience is a history museum of the culture, art and history of Asian Pacific Americans located in Seattle, Washington's Chinatown-International District, founded in 1967. It is a Smithsonian Institution affiliate, and the only pan-Asian Pacific American community-based museum in the US. In February 2013 it was recognized as one of two dozen affiliated areas of the U.S. National Park Service.

The Chinatown neighborhood in Oakland, California（Chinese: 屋崙華埠), is a pan-Asian neighborhood which reflects Oakland's diverse Asian American community. It is frequently referred to as "Oakland Chinatown" in order to distinguish it from nearby San Francisco's Chinatown. It lies at an elevation of 39 feet.

Old Town Chinatown is the official Chinatown of the Northwest section of Portland, Oregon. The Willamette River forms its eastern boundary, separating it from the Lloyd District and the Kerns and Buckman neighborhoods. It includes the Portland Skidmore/Old Town Historic District and the Portland New Chinatown/Japantown Historic District, which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

This is an alphabetical index of topics related to Asian Americans.

Asiatown could refer to:

International District/Chinatown is a light rail and bus station that is part of the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel in Seattle, Washington. The station is located at the tunnel's south end, at 5th Avenue South and South Jackson Street in the Chinatown-International District neighborhood. It is served by the Central Link, part of Sound Transit's Link light rail system, as well as buses from King County Metro and Sound Transit Express. The station is located adjacent to Sound Transit headquarters at Union Station, as well as intermodal connections to Amtrak and Sounder commuter rail at King Street Station, the First Hill Streetcar, and intercity BoltBus service.

The West Argyle Street Historic District is a historic district in the northern Uptown, a commercial district of Chicago, Illinois. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 2010. The community covers an area of about 41 acres (0.17 km²); its rough boundaries are N. Glenwood Ave to the west, Winona Street to the north, Sheridan Road to the east, and Ainslie Street to the south. It was home to the Essenay Studios in the 1920s founded by Charlie Chaplain, a producer of silent movies before relocating to Southern California in Hollywood. Essenay Studios now is home to St. Augustine College.

This article contains a list of the Chinatowns, which are either officially designated neighborhoods or historically important in the United States. Historically speaking, many of these Chinatowns were formed in the 1800s and have served as ethnic enclaves.

Little Saigon, Philadelphia Neighborhood of Philadelphia in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, United States

One of the largest Vietnamese neighborhoods in Philadelphia is located in Passyunk Square, a neighborhood in South Philadelphia.

Greater Seattle has had a Chinese American community almost since its founding in 1851. Chinese workers arriving in the 1860s were welcomed, because the Seattle area was sparsely settled and workers were needed; within a few decades, however, newly arrived white settlers resented the Chinese workers, and there were several anti-Chinese riots as the whites attempted to expel the Chinese from the area. Chinese settlement persisted, with the immigrants settling in a well-defined Chinatown where they maintained their culture through family groups, associations, and churches. In the mid-20th century Chinese Americans joined with other immigrant groups to oppose racial discrimination. In 1962 a Chinese American became the first person of Asian ancestry to hold elective office in the state of Washington.

The Historic Chinatown Gate is a modern Paifang archway in the Chinatown-International District neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. The 45-foot-tall (14 m) archway is located over South King Street east of 5th Avenue South and the International District/Chinatown light rail station, marking the west end of the Chinatown neighborhood. The gate, designed by Paul Wu and Ming Zhang of MulvannyG2 Architecture of Bellevue, Washington, was built over a period of several months in late 2007 and is composed of a steel structure and ceramic ornaments, including 8,000 ceramic tiles made in southern China. The $500,000 construction cost was paid for by the Historic Chinatown Gate Foundation, a non-profit organization established in 1999 to build the archway. The Historic Chinatown Gate was dedicated on February 9, 2008 during a ceremony attended by local officials, including Seattle mayor Greg Nickels and Governor Christine Gregoire.

The Walnut Grove Japanese-American Historic District is a 5-acre (2.0 ha) designated U.S. Historic District in Walnut Grove, California. The bulk of Walnut Grove's Japantown was built in 1915–16 following the 1915 fire which destroyed Walnut Grove's Chinatown. Japantown was depopulated during the forced incarceration of Japanese and Japanese-Americans following the issuance of Executive Order 9066 in 1942, and was re-filled by Filipino and Mexican laborers, who took over work in local orchards and farms during the war. Although the original residents returned to Walnut Grove following the end of World War II, most left within a few years, and the district, with some exceptions, to this day retains the original architecture and style dating back to the 1916 reconstruction.

References

↑ National Park Service (July 9, 2010). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. Retrieved July 9, 2010.
↑ "Filipino Community". Seattle Chinatown-International District Preservation and Development Authority. Retrieved October 2, 2015.
↑ "2010 Census Data". United States Census. 2010. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
↑ "International District". Seattle Department of Neighborhoods. City of Seattle . Retrieved October 2, 2015.
1 2 3 4 "Seattle Neighborhoods: Chinatown-International District -- Thumbnail History - HistoryLink.org". www.historylink.org. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
↑ Ng, Assunta (September 26, 2013). "BLOG: Thinking big, that's their motto". Northwest Asian Weekly .
↑ Lei, Owen (July 17, 2011). "Seattle man champions changing a century-old street name". KING-TV . Retrieved July 17, 2011. City ordinance 4044, enacted Dec. 23, 1895, changed the name "Mikado" to Dearborn Street as part of a city-wide plan to standardize street names in a booming urban area. Section 276 of the bill stated, 'That the names of Alaska Street, Mikado Street, Modjeska Street, Cullen Street, Florence Street and Duke Street, from Elliott Bay to Lake Washington, be and the same are changed to Dearborn Street.'
↑ Takami, David A. (1998), Divided Destiny: A History of Japanese Americans in Seattle, United States: University of Washington Press, p. 29, ISBN 0-295-97762-0
↑ "Seattle's Chinatown/International District". Wing Luke Museum. Archived from the original on October 16, 2007. Retrieved October 15, 2007.
↑ "Building and Architecture > Wing Luke Museum". Wing Luke Museum . Retrieved October 2, 2015.
↑ Mejia-Giudici, Cynthia (December 3, 1998). "Filipino Cannery Workers". HistoryLink. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
↑ "Filipino Cannery Unionism Across Three Generations 1930s-1980s". Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, University of Washington. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
↑ Mejia-Giudici, Cynthia (February 14, 2003). "Bulosan, Carlos (1911?-1956), Writer". HistoryLink. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
↑ "Japanese American Internment during World War II". Friends of Minidoka. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
↑ Broom, Jack (July 26, 2015). "Seattle's Panama Hotel deemed a National Treasur". Seattle Times . Seattle Times Company. Retrieved October 2, 2015.
↑ "Name feud clouds opening of library". The Seattle Times. 2005-06-11. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
↑ "Asian Food Market, Online Specials, Grocery Store | Viet-Wah Markets". Asian Food Market, Online Specials, Grocery Store | Viet-Wah Markets. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
↑ "A culinary pho-nomenon: The history of pho in Seattle". MyNorthwest.com. 2014-11-04. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
↑ Turkiya L. Lowe, Quintard Taylor, [www.cfr.washington.edu/research.cesu/reports/UW-01-7-B-Recs-for-National-Register-FR.pdf Recommendations for National Register Designation of Properties Associated With Civil Rights in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington], submitted to National Park Service. p. 13 of PDF (entry on Rainier Heat and Power Company). Accessed January 4, 2012.
↑ Jacklet, Ben (July 15, 1999). "The Great Mall of Chinatown". The Stranger . Retrieved July 17, 2011.
↑ "Historic gate provides another link to Chinatown's roots". seattlepi.com. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
↑ "Building and Architecture > Wing Luke Museum". www.wingluke.org. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
↑ "CIDBIA Events". cidbia.org. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
↑ "Events". Friends of Little Saigon. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
↑ Poe, Nathan. "Seattle International District--Seattle, Washington: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
↑ Map: Seattle Public Art. Seattle: City of Seattle Office of Arts & Culture. pp. 22–23 – via http://www.seattle.gov/arts/experience/maps-and-apps.

External links

Official website of the Chinatown-International District
Seattle International District description from the National Park Service
International Special Review District from the City of Seattle
Seattle's Asian American Movement, a multimedia collection of resources on the International District Preservation Movement and the Kingdome protests by the Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project
International District from Seattle Post-Intelligencer
Guide to the International Special Review District Records 1973-1997 from the Northwest Digital Archives

Coordinates: 47°35′51″N122°19′15″W / 47.59750°N 122.32083°W / 47.59750; -122.32083

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[nris-1] National Park Service (July 9, 2010). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. Retrieved July 9, 2010.

[filipinocommunity-2] "Filipino Community". Seattle Chinatown-International District Preservation and Development Authority. Retrieved October 2, 2015.

[census.gov-3] "2010 Census Data". United States Census. 2010. Retrieved October 4, 2015.

[neighborhooddept-4] "International District". Seattle Department of Neighborhoods. City of Seattle . Retrieved October 2, 2015.

[:0-5] 1 2 3 4 "Seattle Neighborhoods: Chinatown-International District -- Thumbnail History - HistoryLink.org". www.historylink.org. Retrieved 2016-10-17.

[6] Ng, Assunta (September 26, 2013). "BLOG: Thinking big, that's their motto". Northwest Asian Weekly .

[7] Lei, Owen (July 17, 2011). "Seattle man champions changing a century-old street name". KING-TV . Retrieved July 17, 2011. City ordinance 4044, enacted Dec. 23, 1895, changed the name "Mikado" to Dearborn Street as part of a city-wide plan to standardize street names in a booming urban area. Section 276 of the bill stated, 'That the names of Alaska Street, Mikado Street, Modjeska Street, Cullen Street, Florence Street and Duke Street, from Elliott Bay to Lake Washington, be and the same are changed to Dearborn Street.'

[takami-8] Takami, David A. (1998), Divided Destiny: A History of Japanese Americans in Seattle, United States: University of Washington Press, p. 29, ISBN 0-295-97762-0

[9] "Seattle's Chinatown/International District". Wing Luke Museum. Archived from the original on October 16, 2007. Retrieved October 15, 2007.

[building-10] "Building and Architecture > Wing Luke Museum". Wing Luke Museum . Retrieved October 2, 2015.

[11] Mejia-Giudici, Cynthia (December 3, 1998). "Filipino Cannery Workers". HistoryLink. Retrieved January 1, 2012.

[12] "Filipino Cannery Unionism Across Three Generations 1930s-1980s". Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project, University of Washington. Retrieved January 4, 2012.

[13] Mejia-Giudici, Cynthia (February 14, 2003). "Bulosan, Carlos (1911?-1956), Writer". HistoryLink. Retrieved January 1, 2012.

[14] "Japanese American Internment during World War II". Friends of Minidoka. Retrieved January 4, 2012.

[nationaltreasure-15] Broom, Jack (July 26, 2015). "Seattle's Panama Hotel deemed a National Treasur". Seattle Times . Seattle Times Company. Retrieved October 2, 2015.

[16] "Name feud clouds opening of library". The Seattle Times. 2005-06-11. Retrieved 2016-10-17.

[17] "Asian Food Market, Online Specials, Grocery Store | Viet-Wah Markets". Asian Food Market, Online Specials, Grocery Store | Viet-Wah Markets. Retrieved 2016-10-17.

[18] "A culinary pho-nomenon: The history of pho in Seattle". MyNorthwest.com. 2014-11-04. Retrieved 2016-10-17.

[19] Turkiya L. Lowe, Quintard Taylor, [www.cfr.washington.edu/research.cesu/reports/UW-01-7-B-Recs-for-National-Register-FR.pdf Recommendations for National Register Designation of Properties Associated With Civil Rights in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington], submitted to National Park Service. p. 13 of PDF (entry on Rainier Heat and Power Company). Accessed January 4, 2012.

[20] Jacklet, Ben (July 15, 1999). "The Great Mall of Chinatown". The Stranger . Retrieved July 17, 2011.

[21] "Historic gate provides another link to Chinatown's roots". seattlepi.com. Retrieved 2016-10-17.

[22] "Building and Architecture > Wing Luke Museum". www.wingluke.org. Retrieved 2016-10-17.

[23] "CIDBIA Events". cidbia.org. Retrieved 2016-10-17.

[24] "Events". Friends of Little Saigon. Retrieved 2016-10-17.

[25] Poe, Nathan. "Seattle International District--Seattle, Washington: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2016-10-17.

[26] Map: Seattle Public Art. Seattle: City of Seattle Office of Arts & Culture. pp. 22–23 – via http://www.seattle.gov/arts/experience/maps-and-apps.