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Argon is a chemical element; it has symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. Argon is the third most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934%. It is more than twice as abundant as water vapor, 23 times as abundant as carbon dioxide, and more than 500 times as abundant as neon. Argon is the most abundant noble gas in Earth's crust, comprising 0.00015% of the crust.
The data below tabulates standard electrode potentials (E°), in volts relative to the standard hydrogen electrode, at:
The van der Waals radius, rw, of an atom is the radius of an imaginary hard sphere representing the distance of closest approach for another atom. It is named after Johannes Diderik van der Waals, winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physics, as he was the first to recognise that atoms were not simply points and to demonstrate the physical consequences of their size through the van der Waals equation of state.
This is a list of the various reported boiling points for the elements, with recommended values to be used elsewhere on Wikipedia.
Elastic properties describe the reversible deformation of a material to an applied stress. They are a subset of the material properties that provide a quantitative description of the characteristics of a material, like its strength.
In thermodynamics, a critical point is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. One example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve that designates conditions under which a liquid and its vapor can coexist. At higher temperatures, the gas cannot be liquefied by pressure alone. At the critical point, defined by a critical temperatureTc and a critical pressurepc, phase boundaries vanish. Other examples include the liquid–liquid critical points in mixtures, and the ferromagnet–paramagnet transition in the absence of an external magnetic field.
The speed of sound in any chemical element in the fluid phase has one temperature-dependent value. In the solid phase, different types of sound wave may be propagated, each with its own speed: among these types of wave are longitudinal, transversal, and extensional.
This page provides supplementary data to the article properties of water.
This page provides supplementary chemical data on carbon dioxide.
Please find below supplementary chemical data about dichloromethane.
The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is a comprehensive one-volume reference resource for science research. First published in 1914, it is currently in its 104th edition, published in 2023. It is sometimes nicknamed the "Rubber Bible" or the "Rubber Book", as CRC originally stood for "Chemical Rubber Company".
The Lydersen method is a group contribution method for the estimation of critical properties temperature (Tc), pressure (Pc) and volume (Vc). The Lydersen method is the prototype for and ancestor of many new models like Joback, Klincewicz, Ambrose, Gani-Constantinou and others.
References
CRC.a-d
David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Critical Constants. Also agrees with Celsius values from Section 4: Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds, Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Point Temperatures of the Elements
Contents
- Estimated accuracy for Tc and Pc is indicated by the number of digits. Above 750 K Tc values may be in error by 10 K or more. Vc values are not assumed accurate more than to a few percent. Parentheses indicate extrapolated values. From these sources:
- (a) D. Ambrose, Vapor-Liquid Constants of Fluids, in R.M. Stevenson, S. Malanowski, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Elsevier, New York, (1987).
- (b) I.G. Dillon, P.A. Nelson, B.S. Swanson, J. Chem. Phys. 44, 4229, (1966).
- (c) O. Sifner, J. Klomfar, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 23, 63, (1994).
- (d) N.B. Vargaftik, Int. J. Thermophys. 11, 467, (1990).
LNG
J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6; Table 6.5 Critical Properties
KAL
National Physical Laboratory, Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants ; D. Ambrose, M.B. Ewing, M.L. McGlashan, Critical constants and second virial coefficients of gases (retrieved Dec 2005)
SMI
W.E. Forsythe (ed.), Smithsonian Physical Tables 9th ed., online version (1954; Knovel 2003). Table 259, Critical Temperatures, Pressures, and Densities of Gases
