P/(Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 200 | 1 k | 2 k | 5 k | 10 k | 20 k | 50 k | 100 k | 101325 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
reference | ||||||||||||
1 H hydrogen | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 15 | 20 | ||||||||||
CRC.a (T/°C) | -258.6 | -252.8 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 10 (s) | 11.4 (s) | 12.2 (s) | 13.4 (s) | 14.5 | 16.0 | 18.2 | 20.3 | ||||
2 He helium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | -270.6 | -268.9 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1.3 | 1.66 | 1.85 | 2.17 | 2.48 | 2.87 | 3.54 | 4.22 | ||||
3 Li lithium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 797 | 885 | 995 | 1144 | 1337 | 1610 | ||||||
CRC.f,k (T/°C) | 524.3 | 612.3 | 722.1 | 871.2 | 1064.3 | 1337.1 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.673 - 8310 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 1000 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.061 - 8023 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
797.4 | 885.4 | 995.3 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1040 | 1145 | 1200 | 1275 | 1345 | 1415 | 1530 | 1630 | ||||
SMI.a (T/K) | liquid, 325..725 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.625 - 7480 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
777 | 867 | 981 | ||||||||||
4 Be beryllium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1462 | 1608 | 1791 | 2023 | 2327 | 2742 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1189 (s) | 1335 | 1518 | 1750 | 2054 | 2469 | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.048 - 17020 / (T/K) - 0.4440 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
1461.8 | ||||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 1800 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.792 - 15731 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1606.5 | 1789.2 | |||||||||||
SMI.c,g (T/K) | solid, 942..1284 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.115 - 18220 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1504 | ||||||||||||
SMI.c,g (T/K) | liquid, 1284..1582 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.075 - 16590 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1647 | 1828 | |||||||||||
5 B boron | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 2348 | 2562 | 2822 | 3141 | 3545 | 4072 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 2075 | 2289 | 2549 | 2868 | 3272 | 3799 | ||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | solid, 1052..1648 °C: log (P/Pa) = 13.255 - 21370 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1612 | 1744 | 1899 | ||||||||||
6 C carbon (graphite) | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 2839 | 3048 | 3289 | 3572 | 3908 | |||||||
CRC.h (T/°C) | 2566 (s) | 2775 (s) | 3016 (s) | 3299 (s) | 3635 (s) | |||||||
7 N nitrogen | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 37 | 41 | 46 | 53 | 62 | 77 | ||||||
CRC.a,d (T/°C) | -236 (s) | -232 (s) | -226.8 (s) | -220.2 (s) | -211.1 (s) | -195.9 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 48.1 (s) | 53.0 (s) | 55.4 (s) | 59.0 (s) | 62.1 (s) | 65.8 | 71.8 | 77.4 | ||||
8 O oxygen | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 61 | 73 | 90 | |||||||||
CRC.a,i (T/°C) | -211.9 | -200.5 | -183.1 | |||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 55.4 | 61.3 | 64.3 | 68.8 | 72.7 | 77.1 | 83.9 | 90.2 | ||||
9 F fluorine | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 38 | 44 | 50 | 58 | 69 | 85 | ||||||
CRC.a,d (T/°C) | -235 (s) | -229.5 (s) | -222.9 (s) | -214.8 | -204.3 | -188.3 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 53 | 58 | 61 | 65.3 | 68.9 | 73.0 | 79.3 | 85.0 | ||||
10 Ne neon | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 12 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 21 | 27 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | -261 (s) | -260 (s) | -258 (s) | -255 (s) | -252 (s) | -246.1 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 16.3 (s) | 18.1 (s) | 19.0 (s) | 20.4 (s) | 21.6 (s) | 22.9 (s) | 24.9 | 27.1 | ||||
11 Na sodium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 554 | 617 | 697 | 802 | 946 | 1153 | ||||||
CRC.f,k (T/°C) | 280.6 | 344.2 | 424.3 | 529 | 673 | 880.2 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.304 - 5603 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 700 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.710 - 5377 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
553.8 | 617.3 | 697.4 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 729 | 807 | 846 | 904 | 954 | 1010 | 1095 | 1175 | ||||
SMI.a (T/K) | liquid, 158..437 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.835 - 5480 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
557 | 620 | 699 | ||||||||||
12 Mg magnesium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 701 | 773 | 861 | 971 | 1132 | 1361 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 428 (s) | 500 (s) | 588 (s) | 698 | 859 | 1088 | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.495 - 7813 / (T/K) - 0.8253 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
700.9 | 772.7 | 861.2 | 892.0 | |||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 891 | 979 | 1025 | 1085 | 1140 | 1205 | 1295 | 1375 | ||||
SMI.a (T/K) | solid, 287..605 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.945 - 7741 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
707 | 778 | 865 | ||||||||||
13 Al aluminium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1482 | 1632 | 1817 | 2054 | 2364 | 2790 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1209 | 1359 | 1544 | 1781 | 2091 | 2517 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.465 - 17342 / (T/K) - 0.7927 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 1800 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.917 - 16211 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1484.9 | 1634.7 | 1818.0 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1885 | 2060 | 2140 | 2260 | 2360 | 2430 | 2640 | 2790 | ||||
SMI.c,l (T/K) | liquid, 843..1465 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.115 - 15630 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1406 | 1545 | |||||||||||
14 Si silicon | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1908 | 2102 | 2339 | 2636 | 3021 | 3537 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1635 | 1829 | 2066 | 2363 | 2748 | 3264 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 2380 | 2590 | 2690 | 2840 | 2970 | 3100 | 3310 | 3490 | ||||
SMI.c (T/K) | solid, 1024..1410 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.325 - 19720 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1600 | ||||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | liquid, 1410..1670 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.675 - 18550 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1738 | 1917 | |||||||||||
15 P phosphorus (white) | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 279 | 307 | 342 | 388 | 453 | 549 | ||||||
CRC.c,e (T/°C) | 6 (s) | 34 (s) | 69 | 115 | 180 | 276 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 365 | 398 | 414 | 439 | 460 | 484 | 520.5 | 553.6 | ||||
15 P phosphorus (red) | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 455 | 489 | 529 | 576 | 635 | 704 | ||||||
CRC.b,c (T/°C) | 182 (s) | 216 (s) | 256 (s) | 303 (s) | 362 (s) | 431 (s) | ||||||
16 S sulfur | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 375 | 408 | 449 | 508 | 591 | 717 | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 102 (s) | 135 | 176 | 235 | 318 | 444 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 462 | 505.7 | 528.0 | 561.3 | 590.1 | 622.5 | 672.4 | 717.8 | ||||
17 Cl chlorine | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 128 | 139 | 153 | 170 | 197 | 239 | ||||||
CRC.a (T/°C) | -145 (s) | -133.7 (s) | -120.2 (s) | -103.6 (s) | -76.1 | -34.2 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 158 (s) | 170 (s) | 176.3 | 187.4 | 197.0 | 207.8 | 224.3 | 239.2 | ||||
18 Ar argon | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 47 | 53 | 61 | 71 | 87 | |||||||
CRC.a,d,l (T/°C) | -226.4 (s) | -220.3 (s) | -212.4 (s) | -201.7 (s) | -186.0 | |||||||
KAL (T/K) | 55.0 (s) | 60.7 (s) | 63.6 (s) | 67.8 (s) | 71.4 (s) | 75.4 (s) | 81.4 (s) | 87.3 | ||||
19 K potassium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 473 | 530 | 601 | 697 | 832 | 1029 | ||||||
CRC.f,k (T/°C) | 200.2 | 256.5 | 328 | 424 | 559 | 756.2 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 9.967 - 4646 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 600 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.408 - 4453 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
473.3 | 529.6 | 601.1 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 633 | 704 | 740 | 794 | 841 | 894 | 975 | 1050 | ||||
SMI.a (T/K) | liquid, 91..338 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.485 - 4503 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
475 | 531 | 602 | ||||||||||
20 Ca calcium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 864 | 956 | 1071 | 1227 | 1443 | 1755 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 591 (s) | 683 (s) | 798 (s) | 954 | 1170 | 1482 | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.133 - 9517 / (T/K) - 1.4030 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
864.2 | 956.4 | 1071.5 | 1112.0 | |||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1105 | 1220 | 1280 | 1365 | 1440 | 1525 | 1650 | 1765 | ||||
SMI.a (T/K) | 408..817 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.425 - 9055 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
869 | 961 | 1075 | ||||||||||
21 Sc scandium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1645 | 1804 | (2006) | (2266) | (2613) | (3101) | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 1372 (s) | 1531 (s) | 1733 (i) | 1993 (i) | 2340 (i) | 2828 (i) | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.656 - 19721 / (T/K) + 0.2885 log (T/K) - 0.3663 (T/K) 10−3 | |||||||||||
CR2 | liquid, m.p. to 2000 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.801 - 17681 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 1058..1804 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.065 - 18570 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1678 | 1845 | 2049 | ||||||||||
22 Ti titanium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1982 | 2171 | (2403) | 2692 | 3064 | 3558 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1709 | 1898 | 2130 (e) | 2419 | 2791 | 3285 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 16.931 - 24991 / (T/K) - 1.3376 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2400 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.364 - 22747 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2001.7 | 2194.8 | |||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | solid, 1134..1727 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.375 - 18640 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1797 | 1988 | |||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | liquid, 1727..1965 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.105 - 20110 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2209 | ||||||||||||
23 V vanadium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 2101 | 2289 | 2523 | 2814 | 3187 | 3679 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1828 (s) | 2016 | 2250 | 2541 | 2914 | 3406 | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.750 - 27132 / (T/K) - 0.5501 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
2099.6 | ||||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.935 - 25011 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2287.2 | 2517.5 | |||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 1465..2207 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.445 - 26620 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2139 | 2326 | |||||||||||
24 Cr chromium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1656 | 1807 | 1991 | 2223 | 2530 | 2942 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1383 (s) | 1534 (s) | 1718 (s) | 1950 | 2257 | 2669 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to 2000 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.806 - 20733 / (T/K) + 0.4391 log (T/K) - 0.4094 (T/K)−3 | |||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 2020 | 2180 | 2260 | 2370 | 2470 | 2580 | 2730 | 2870 | ||||
SMI.c,l (T/K) | solid, 907..1504 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.005 - 17560 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1463 | 1596 | 1755 | ||||||||||
25 Mn manganese | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1228 | 1347 | 1493 | 1691 | 1955 | 2333 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 955 (s) | 1074 (s) | 1220 (s) | 1418 | 1682 | 2060 | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 17.811 - 15097 / (T/K) - 1.7896 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
1229.2 | 1346.6 | 1490.0 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1560 | 1710 | 1780 | 1890 | 1980 | 2080 | 2240 | 2390 | ||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 717..1251 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.375 - 14100 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1240 | 1359 | 1504 | ||||||||||
26 Fe iron | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1728 | 1890 | 2091 | 2346 | 2679 | 3132 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1455 (s) | 1617 | 1818 | 2073 | 2406 | 2859 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 12.106 - 21723 / (T/K) + 0.4536 log (T/K) - 0.5846 (T/K) 10−3 | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2100 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.353 - 19574 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1890.7 | 2092.8 | |||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 2110 | 2290 | 2380 | 2500 | 2610 | 2720 | 2890 | 3030 | ||||
SMI.c,f (T/K) | solid, 1094..1535 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.755 - 20000 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1701 | ||||||||||||
SMI.c,f (T/K) | liquid, 1535..1783 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.535 - 21400 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1855 | 2031 | |||||||||||
27 Co cobalt | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1790 | 1960 | 2165 | 2423 | 2755 | 3198 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1517 | 1687 | 1892 | 2150 | 2482 | 2925 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.982 - 22576 / (T/K) - 1.0280 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2150 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.494 - 20578 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1790.3 | 1960.9 | 2167.5 | ||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 1249..2056 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.555 - 21960 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1900 | 2081 | 2298 | ||||||||||
28 Ni nickel | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1783 | 1950 | 2154 | 2410 | 2741 | 3184 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1510 | 1677 | 1881 | 2137 | 2468 | 2911 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.563 - 22606 / (T/K) - 0.8717 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2150 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.672 - 20765 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1779.0 | 1945.7 | 2146.9 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 2230 | 2410 | 2500 | 2630 | 2740 | 2860 | 3030 | 3180 | ||||
SMI.c,q | solid, 1157..1455 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.405 - 21840 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
SMI.c,q (T/K) | liquid, 1455..1884 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.675 - 20600 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1764 | 1930 | 2129 | ||||||||||
29 Cu copper | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1509 | 1661 | 1850 | 2089 | 2404 | 2836 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1236 | 1388 | 1577 | 1816 | 2131 | 2563 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.129 - 17748 / (T/K) - 0.7317 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 1850 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.855 - 16415 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1512.2 | 1665.7 | 1853.8 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1940 | 2110 | 2200 | 2320 | 2420 | 2540 | 2710 | 2860 | ||||
SMI.c,f | solid, 946..1083 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.935 - 18060 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
SMI.c,f (T/K) | liquid, 1083..1628 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.845 - 16580 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1529 | 1684 | 1875 | ||||||||||
30 Zn zinc | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 610 | 670 | 750 | 852 | 990 | (1185) | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 337 (s) | 397 (s) | 477 | 579 | 717 | 912 (e) | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.108 - 6776 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
610.0 | 670.4 | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 750 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.384 - 6286 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
749.8 | ||||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 780 | 854 | 891 | 945 | 991 | 1040 | 1120 | 1185 | ||||
SMI.a (T/K) | solid, 211..405 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.065 - 6744 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
609 | 670 | |||||||||||
31 Ga gallium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1310 | 1448 | 1620 | 1838 | 2125 | 2518 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1037 | 1175 | 1347 | 1565 | 1852 | 2245 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.663 - 14208 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 1600 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.760 - 13984 / (T/K) - 0.3413 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
1307.4 | 1444.4 | 1613.8 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1665 | 1820 | 1900 | 2000 | 2100 | 2200 | 2350 | 2480 | ||||
SMI.c (T/K) | liquid, 771..1443 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.915 - 13360 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1347 | 1499 | 1688 | ||||||||||
32 Ge germanium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1644 | 1814 | 2023 | 2287 | 2633 | 3104 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1371 | 1541 | 1750 | 2014 | 2360 | 2831 | ||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 897..1635 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.065 - 15150 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1505 | 1671 | 1878 | ||||||||||
33 As arsenic | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 553 | 596 | 646 | 706 | 781 | 874 | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 280 (s) | 323 (s) | 373 (s) | 433 (s) | 508 (s) | 601 (s) | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 656 (s) | 701 (s) | 723 (s) | 754 (s) | 780 (s) | 808 (s) | 849 (s) | 883 (s) | ||||
34 Se selenium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 500 | 552 | 617 | 704 | 813 | 958 | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 227 | 279 | 344 | 431 | 540 | 685 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 636 | 695 | 724 | 767 | 803 | 844 | 904 | 958 | ||||
35 Br bromine | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 185 | 201 | 220 | 244 | 276 | 332 | ||||||
CRC.a (T/°C) | -87.7 (s) | -71.8 (s) | -52.7 (s) | -29.3 (s) | 2.5 | 58.4 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 227 (s) | 244.1 (s) | 252.1 (s) | 263.6 (s) | 275.7 | 290.0 | 312.0 | 332.0 | ||||
36 Kr krypton | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 59 | 65 | 74 | 84 | 99 | 120 | ||||||
CRC.d (T/°C) | -214.0 (s) | -208.0 (s) | -199.4 (s) | -188.9 (s) | -174.6 (s) | -153.6 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 77 (s) | 84.3 (s) | 88.1 (s) | 93.8 (s) | 98.6 (s) | 103.9 (s) | 112.0 (s) | 119.7 | ||||
37 Rb rubidium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 434 | 486 | 552 | 641 | 769 | 958 | ||||||
CRC.f,k (T/°C) | 160.4 | 212.5 | 278.9 | 368 | 496.1 | 685.3 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 9.863 - 4215 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 550 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.318 - 4040 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
433.6 | 485.7 | 552.1 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 583 | 649 | 684 | 735 | 779 | 829 | 907 | 978 | ||||
SMI.d (T/K) | liquid, 59.4..283 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.545 - 4132 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
433 | 484 | 548 | ||||||||||
38 Sr strontium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 796 | 882 | 990 | 1139 | 1345 | 1646 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 523 (s) | 609 (s) | 717 (s) | 866 | 1072 | 1373 | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.232 - 8572 / (T/K) - 1.1926 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
795.7 | 882.0 | 989.9 | 1028.0 | |||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1040 (s) | 1150 | 1205 | 1285 | 1355 | 1430 | 1550 | 1660 | ||||
SMI.c (T/K) | solid, 361..750 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.255 - 8324 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
812 | 899 | 1008 | ||||||||||
39 Y yttrium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1883 | 2075 | (2320) | (2627) | (3036) | (3607) | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 1610.1 | 1802.3 | 2047 (i) | 2354 (i) | 2763 (i) | 3334 (i) | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.741 - 22306 / (T/K) - 0.8705 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2300 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.801 - 20341 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1883.3 | 2075.4 | |||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 1249..2056 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.555 - 21970 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1901 | 2081 | 2299 | ||||||||||
40 Zr zirconium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 2639 | 2891 | 3197 | 3575 | 4053 | 4678 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 2366 | 2618 | 2924 | 3302 | 3780 | 4405 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.014 - 31512 / (T/K) - 0.7890 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.812 - 30295 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | solid, 1527..2127 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.505 - 25870 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2249 | ||||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | liquid, 2127..2459 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.165 - 27430 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2457 | 2698 | |||||||||||
41 Nb niobium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 2942 | 3207 | 3524 | 3910 | 4393 | 5013 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 2669 | 2934 | 3251 | 3637 | 4120 | 4740 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 13.828 - 37818 / (T/K) - 0.2575 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
SMI.n | 2194..2539 °C: log (P/Pa) = 13.495 - 40400 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
42 Mo molybdenum | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 2742 | 2994 | 3312 | 3707 | 4212 | 4879 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 2469 (s) | 2721 | 3039 | 3434 | 3939 | 4606 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 16.535 - 34626 / (T/K) - 1.1331 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 3420 | 3720 | 3860 | 4060 | 4220 | 4410 | 4680 | 4900 | ||||
SMI.r (T/K) | solid, 1923..2533 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.925 - 30310 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2774 | ||||||||||||
43 Tc technetium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | (2727) | (2998) | (3324) | (3726) | (4234) | (4894) | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 2454 (e) | 2725 (e) | 3051 (e) | 3453 (e) | 3961 (e) | 4621 (e) | ||||||
44 Ru ruthenium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 2588 | 2811 | 3087 | 3424 | 3845 | 4388 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 2315 (s) | 2538 | 2814 | 3151 | 3572 | 4115 | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.761 - 34154 / (T/K) - 0.4723 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
2597.6 | ||||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 1913..2946 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.625 - 33800 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2677 | 2908 | 3181 | ||||||||||
45 Rh rhodium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 2288 | 2496 | 2749 | 3063 | 3405 | 3997 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 2015 | 2223 | 2476 | 2790 | 3132 | 3724 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.174 - 29010 / (T/K) - 0.7068 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.808 - 26792 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2269.0 | 2478.9 | |||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 1681..2607 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.675 - 30400 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2398 | 2604 | 2848 | ||||||||||
46 Pd palladium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1721 | 1897 | 2117 | 2395 | 2753 | 3234 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1448 (s) | 1624 | 1844 | 2122 | 2480 | 2961 | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.508 - 19813 / (T/K) - 0.9258 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
1721.0 | ||||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2100 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.432 - 17899 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1897.7 | ||||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 1156..2000 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.585 - 19230 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1817 | 2006 | 2240 | ||||||||||
47 Ag silver | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1283 | 1413 | 1575 | 1782 | 2055 | 2433 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1010 | 1140 | 1302 | 1509 | 1782 | 2160 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.133 - 14999 / (T/K) - 0.7845 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 1600 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.758 - 13827 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1285.3 | 1417.0 | 1578.8 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1640 | 1790 | 1865 | 1970 | 2060 | 2160 | 2310 | 2440 | ||||
SMI.a | solid, 767..961 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.405 - 14850 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
SMI.a (T/K) | liquid, 961..1353 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.785 - 14090 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1306 | 1440 | 1604 | ||||||||||
48 Cd cadmium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 530 | 583 | 654 | 745 | 867 | 1040 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 257 (s) | 310 (s) | 381 | 472 | 594 | 767 | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.945 - 5799 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
529.8 | 583.1 | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 650 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.248 - 5392 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
653.7 | ||||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 683 | 748 | 781 | 829 | 870 | 915 | 983 | 1045 | ||||
SMI.a (T/K) | solid, 148..321 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.905 - 5798 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
532 | 585 | |||||||||||
49 In indium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1196 | 1325 | 1485 | 1690 | 1962 | 2340 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 923 | 1052 | 1212 | 1417 | 1689 | 2067 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.997 - 12548 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 1500 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.380 - 12276 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1182.7 | 1308.7 | 1464.9 | ||||||||||
SMI.c,m (T/K) | liquid, 667..1260 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.055 - 12150 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1208 | 1342 | 1508 | ||||||||||
50 Sn tin | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1497 | 1657 | 1855 | 2107 | 2438 | 2893 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1224 | 1384 | 1582 | 1834 | 2165 | 2620 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.042 - 15710 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 1850 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.268 - 15332 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1493.2 | 1654.3 | 1854.4 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1930 | 2120 | 2210 | 2350 | 2470 | 2600 | 2800 | 2990 | ||||
SMI.c (T/K) | liquid, 823..1609 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.095 - 13110 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1441 | 1620 | 1848 | ||||||||||
51 Sb antimony | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 807 | 876 | 1011 | 1219 | 1491 | 1858 | ||||||
CRC.b,c (T/°C) | 534 (s) | 603 (s) | 738 | 946 | 1218 | 1585 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1065 | 1220 | 1295 | 1405 | 1495 | 1595 | 1740 | 1890 | ||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 466..904 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.545 - 9913 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
940 | 1039 | 1160 | ||||||||||
52 Te tellurium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | (775) | (888) | 1042 | 1266 | ||||||||
CRC.d (T/°C) | 502 (e) | 615 (e) | 768.8 | 992.4 | ||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 806 | 888 | 929 | 990 | 1040 | 1100 | 1190 | 1270 | ||||
53 I iodine (rhombic) | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 260 | 282 | 309 | 342 | 381 | 457 | ||||||
CRC.a,b (T/°C) | -12.8 (s) | 9.3 (s) | 35.9 (s) | 68.7 (s) | 108 (s) | 184.0 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 318 (s) | 341.8 (s) | 353.1 (s) | 369.3 (s) | 382.7 (s) | 400.8 | 430.6 | 457.5 | ||||
54 Xe xenon | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 83 | 92 | 103 | 117 | 137 | 165 | ||||||
CRC.d,m (T/°C) | -190 (s) | -181 (s) | -170 (s) | -155.8 (s) | -136.6 (s) | -108.4 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 107 (s) | 117.3 (s) | 122.5 (s) | 130.1 (s) | 136.6 (s) | 143.8 (s) | 154.7 (s) | 165.0 | ||||
55 Cs caesium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 418 | 469 | 534 | 623 | 750 | 940 | ||||||
CRC.f,k (T/°C) | 144.5 | 195.6 | 260.9 | 350.0 | 477.1 | 667.0 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 9.717 - 3999 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 550 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.171 - 3830 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
417.6 | 468.7 | 534.1 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 559 | 624 | 657 | 708 | 752 | 802 | 883 | 959 | ||||
SMI.e (T/K) | liquid, 45..277 °C: log (P/Pa) = 8.985 - 3774 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
420 | 473 | 540 | ||||||||||
56 Ba barium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 911 | 1038 | 1185 | 1388 | 1686 | 2170 | ||||||
CRC.e (T/°C) | 638 (s) | 765 | 912 | 1115 | 1413 | 1897 | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 17.411 - 9690 / (T/K) - 2.2890 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
911.0 | ||||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 1200 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.013 - 8163 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1018.7 | 1164.0 | |||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1165 | 1290 | 1360 | 1455 | 1540 | 1635 | 1780 | 1910 | ||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 418..858 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.005 - 8908 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
890 | 989 | 1113 | ||||||||||
57 La lanthanum | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | (2005) | (2208) | (2458) | (2772) | (3178) | (3726) | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 1732 (i) | 1935 (i) | 2185 (i) | 2499 (i) | 2905 (i) | 3453 (i) | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 12.469 - 22551 / (T/K) - 0.3142 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2450 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.917 - 21855 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2001.9 | 2203.8 | 2450.9 | ||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | liquid, 1023..1754 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.005 - 18000 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1636 | 1799 | 1999 | ||||||||||
58 Ce cerium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1992 | 2194 | 2442 | 2754 | 3159 | 3705 | ||||||
CRC.g (T/°C) | 1719 | 1921 | 2169 | 2481 | 2886 | 3432 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.145 - 21752 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2450 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.617 - 21200 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1996.8 | 2204.4 | 2460.3 | ||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | liquid, 1004..1599 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.865 - 20100 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1562 | 1694 | 1850 | ||||||||||
59 Pr praseodymium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1771 | 1973 | (2227) | (2571) | (3054) | (3779) | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 1497.7 | 1699.4 | 1954 (i) | 2298 (i) | 2781 (i) | 3506 (i) | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.865 - 18720 / (T/K) - 0.9512 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2200 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.778 - 17315 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1770.8 | 1972.5 | |||||||||||
60 Nd neodymium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1595 | 1774 | 1998 | (2296) | (2715) | (3336) | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 1322.3 | 1501.2 | 1725.3 | 2023 (i) | 2442 (i) | 3063 (i) | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.002 - 17264 / (T/K) - 0.9519 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2000 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.918 - 15824 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1595.5 | 1774.4 | 1998.5 | ||||||||||
62 Sm samarium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1001 | 1106 | 1240 | (1421) | (1675) | (2061) | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 728 (s) | 833 (s) | 967 (s) | 1148 (i) | 1402 (i) | 1788 (i) | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.994 - 11034 / (T/K) - 1.3287 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
1002.5 | 1109.2 | 1242.2 | 1289.0 | |||||||||
63 Eu europium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 863 | 957 | 1072 | 1234 | 1452 | 1796 | ||||||
CRC.g (T/°C) | 590 (s) | 684 (s) | 799 (s) | 961 | 1179 | 1523 | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.246 - 9459 / (T/K) - 1.1661 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
874.6 | 968.8 | 1086.5 | ||||||||||
64 Gd gadolinium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | (1836) | (2028) | (2267) | (2573) | (2976) | (3535) | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 1563 (i) | 1755 (i) | 1994 (i) | 2300 (i) | 2703 (i) | 3262 (i) | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.350 - 20861 / (T/K) - 0.5775 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2250 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.563 - 19389 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1835.6 | 2027.5 | 2264.3 | ||||||||||
65 Tb terbium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1789 | 1979 | (2201) | (2505) | (2913) | (3491) | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 1516.1 | 1706.1 | 1928 (i) | 2232 (i) | 2640 (i) | 3218 (i) | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.516 - 20457 / (T/K) - 0.9247 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2200 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.417 - 18639 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1789.3 | 1979.3 | 2214.4 | ||||||||||
66 Dy dysprosium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1378 | 1523 | (1704) | (1954) | (2304) | (2831) | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 1105 (s) | 1250 (s) | 1431 (i) | 1681 (i) | 2031 (i) | 2558 (i) | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.585 - 15336 / (T/K) - 1.1114 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
1382.3 | 1526.5 | |||||||||||
67 Ho holmium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1432 | 1584 | (1775) | (2040) | (2410) | (2964) | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 1159 (s) | 1311 (s) | 1502 (i) | 1767 (i) | 2137 (i) | 2691 (i) | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.791 - 15899 / (T/K) - 1.1753 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
1434.8 | 1585.2 | |||||||||||
68 Er erbium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1504 | 1663 | (1885) | (2163) | (2552) | (3132) | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 1231 (s) | 1390 (s) | 1612 (i) | 1890 (i) | 2279 (i) | 2859 (i) | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.922 - 16642 / (T/K) - 1.2154 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
1504.7 | 1663.0 | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 1900 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.674 - 14380 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1873.9 | ||||||||||||
69 Tm thulium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1117 | 1235 | 1381 | 1570 | (1821) | (2217) | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 844 (s) | 962 (s) | 1108 (s) | 1297 (s) | 1548 (i) | 1944 (i) | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to 1400 K: log (P/Pa) = 13.888 - 12270 / (T/K) - 0.9564 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
1118.3 | 1235.5 | 1381.0 | ||||||||||
70 Yb ytterbium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 736 | 813 | 910 | 1047 | (1266) | (1465) | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 463 (s) | 540 (s) | 637 (s) | 774 (s) | 993 (i) | 1192 (i) | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to 900 K: log (P/Pa) = 14.117 - 8111 / (T/K) - 1.0849 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
737.0 | 814.4 | |||||||||||
71 Lu lutetium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1906 | 2103 | 2346 | (2653) | (3072) | (3663) | ||||||
CRC.c (T/°C) | 1633 (s) | 1829.8 | 2072.8 | 2380 (i) | 2799 (i) | 3390 (i) | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.799 - 22423 / (T/K) - 0.6200 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
1905.9 | ||||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2350 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.654 - 20302 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2103.0 | 2346.0 | |||||||||||
72 Hf hafnium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 2689 | 2954 | 3277 | 3679 | 4194 | 4876 | ||||||
CRC.e (T/°C) | 2416 | 2681 | 3004 | 3406 | 3921 | 4603 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.451 - 32482 / (T/K) - 0.6735 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
73 Ta tantalum | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 3297 | 3597 | 3957 | 4395 | 4939 | 5634 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 3024 | 3324 | 3684 | 4122 | 4666 | 5361 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 248 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 21.813 - 41346 / (T/K) - 3.2152 log (T/K) + 0.7437 (T/K) 10−3 | |||||||||||
SMI.o,p | solid, 2407..2820 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.125 - 40210 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
74 W tungsten | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 3477 | 3773 | 4137 | 4579 | 5127 | 5823 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 3204 (s) | 3500 | 3864 | 4306 | 4854 | 5550 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to 2350 K: log (P/Pa) = 7.951 - 44094 / (T/K) + 1.3677 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 | solid, 2200 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = -49.521 - 57687 / (T/K) - 12.2231 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 4300 | 4630 | 4790 | 5020 | 5200 | 5400 | 5690 | 5940 | ||||
SMI.s (T/K) | solid, 2554..3309 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.365 - 40260 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
3542 | ||||||||||||
75 Re rhenium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 3303 | 3614 | 4009 | 4500 | 5127 | 5954 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 3030 (s) | 3341 | 3736 | 4227 | 4854 | 5681 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 16.549 - 40726 / (T/K) - 1.1629 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
76 Os osmium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 3160 | 3423 | 3751 | 4148 | 4638 | 5256 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 2887 (s) | 3150 | 3478 | 3875 | 4365 | 4983 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 14.425 - 41198 / (T/K) - 0.3896 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 2101..3221 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.715 - 37000 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2910 | 3158 | 3453 | ||||||||||
77 Ir iridium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 2713 | 2957 | 3252 | 3614 | 4069 | 4659 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 2440 (s) | 2684 | 2979 | 3341 | 3796 | 4386 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 15.512 - 35099 / (T/K) - 0.7500 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 1993..3118 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.185 - 34110 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2799 | 3050 | 3349 | ||||||||||
78 Pt platinum | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 2330 | (2550) | 2815 | 3143 | 3556 | 4094 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 2057 | 2277 (e) | 2542 | 2870 | 3283 | 3821 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 4.888 - 29387 / (T/K) + 1.1039 log (T/K) - 0.4527 (T/K) 10−3 | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.392 - 26856 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2357.4 | ||||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 2910 | 3150 | 3260 | 3420 | 3560 | 3700 | 3910 | 4090 | ||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 1606..2582 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.758 - 27500 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2339 | 2556 | 2818 | ||||||||||
79 Au gold | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1646 | 1814 | 2021 | 2281 | 2620 | 3078 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1373 | 1541 | 1748 | 2008 | 2347 | 2805 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.158 - 19343 / (T/K) - 0.7479 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2050 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.838 - 18024 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1663.0 | 1832.1 | 2039.4 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 2100 | 2290 | 2390 | 2520 | 2640 | 2770 | 2960 | 3120 | ||||
SMI.a (T/K) | 1083..1867 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.775 - 18520 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1719 | 1895 | 2111 | ||||||||||
80 Hg mercury | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 315 | 350 | 393 | 449 | 523 | 629 | ||||||
CRC.j,k (T/°C) | 42.0 | 76.6 | 120.0 | 175.6 | 250.3 | 355.9 | ||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, 298 K to 400 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.122 - 3190 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
315.2 | 349.7 | 392.8 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 408 | 448.8 | 468.8 | 498.4 | 523.4 | 551.2 | 592.9 | 629.8 | ||||
81 Tl thallium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 882 | 977 | 1097 | 1252 | 1461 | 1758 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 609 | 704 | 824 | 979 | 1188 | 1485 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.977 - 9447 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 1100 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.265 - 9037 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
880.4 | 975.4 | 1093.4 | ||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1125 | 1235 | 1290 | 1370 | 1440 | 1515 | 1630 | 1730 | ||||
SMI.a (T/K) | liquid, 405..821 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.275 - 8920 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
868 | 962 | 1078 | ||||||||||
82 Pb lead | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 978 | 1088 | 1229 | 1412 | 1660 | 2027 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 705 | 815 | 956 | 1139 | 1387 | 1754 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.649 - 10143 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 1200 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.917 - 9701 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
978.2 | 1087.9 | |||||||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1285 | 1420 | 1485 | 1585 | 1670 | 1760 | 1905 | 2030 | ||||
SMI.a (T/K) | liquid, 483..975 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.815 - 9600 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
978 | 1089 | 1228 | ||||||||||
83 Bi bismuth | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 941 | 1041 | 1165 | 1325 | 1538 | 1835 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 668 | 768 | 892 | 1052 | 1265 | 1562 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 1225 | 1350 | 1410 | 1505 | 1580 | 1670 | 1800 | 1920 | ||||
SMI.c (T/K) | liquid, 474..934 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.265 - 9824 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
957 | 1060 | 1189 | ||||||||||
84 Po polonium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | (846) | 1003 | 1236 | |||||||||
CRC.d (T/°C) | 573 (e) | 730.2 | 963.3 | |||||||||
85 At astatine | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 361 | 392 | 429 | 475 | 531 | 607 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 88 (s) | 119 (s) | 156 (s) | 202 (s) | 258 (s) | 334 | ||||||
86 Rn radon | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 110 | 121 | 134 | 152 | 176 | 211 | ||||||
CRC.d (T/°C) | -163 (s) | -152 (s) | -139 (s) | -121.4 (s) | -97.6 (s) | -62.3 | ||||||
KAL (T/K) | 139 (s) | 152 (s) | 158 (s) | 168 (s) | 176 (s) | 184 (s) | 198 (s) | 211 | ||||
87 Fr francium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | (404) | (454) | (519) | (608) | (738) | (946) | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 131 (e) | 181 (e) | 246 (e) | 335 (e) | 465 (e) | 673 (e) | ||||||
88 Ra radium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 819 | 906 | 1037 | 1209 | 1446 | 1799 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 546 (s) | 633 (s) | 764 | 936 | 1173 | 1526 | ||||||
90 Th thorium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 2633 | 2907 | 3248 | 3683 | 4259 | 5055 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 2360 | 2634 | 2975 | 3410 | 3986 | 4782 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.674 - 31483 / (T/K) - 0.5288 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = -13.447 - 24569 / (T/K) + 6.6473 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | 1686..2715 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.645 - 28440 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2442 | 2672 | 2949 | ||||||||||
91 Pa protactinium | ||||||||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.558 - 34869 / (T/K) - 1.0075 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.183 - 32874 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
92 U uranium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 2325 | 2564 | 2859 | 3234 | 3727 | 4402 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 2052 | 2291 | 2586 | 2961 | 3454 | 4129 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 5.776 - 27729 / (T/K) + 2.6982 log (T/K) - 1.5471 (T/K) 10−3 | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 25.741 - 28776 / (T/K) - 4.0962 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
2422.6 | ||||||||||||
SMI.c (T/K) | liquid, 1461..2338 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.005 - 25800 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
2149 | 2344 | 2579 | ||||||||||
93 Np neptunium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 2194 | 2437 | ||||||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 24.649 - 24886 / (T/K) - 3.9991 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 15.082 - 23378 / (T/K) - 1.3250 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
2194.1 | 2436.6 | |||||||||||
94 Pu plutonium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1756 | 1953 | 2198 | 2511 | 2926 | 3499 | ||||||
CRC.b (T/°C) | 1483 | 1680 | 1925 | 2238 | 2653 | 3226 | ||||||
CR2 | solid, 500 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 23.864 - 18460 / (T/K) - 4.4720 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to 600 K: log (P/Pa) = 31.166 - 19162 / (T/K) - 6.6675 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2450 K: log (P/Pa) = 8.672 - 16658 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1920.9 | 2171.3 | |||||||||||
95 Am americium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1239 | 1356 | ||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 16.317 - 15059 / (T/K) - 1.3449 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
1238.7 | 1356.1 | |||||||||||
96 Cm curium | ||||||||||||
use (T/K) | 1788 | 1982 | ||||||||||
CR2 | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.375 - 20364 / (T/K) - 0.5770 log (T/K) | |||||||||||
CR2 (T/K) | liquid, m.p. to 2200 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.229 - 18292 / (T/K) | |||||||||||
1788.2 | 1982.0 |
A timeline of events in the history of thermodynamics.
In theoretical physics, the Rarita–Schwinger equation is the relativistic field equation of spin-3/2 fermions in a four-dimensional flat spacetime. It is similar to the Dirac equation for spin-1/2 fermions. This equation was first introduced by William Rarita and Julian Schwinger in 1941.
Jayme Tiomno was a Brazilian experimental and theoretical physicist with interests in particle physics and general relativity. He was member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and a recipient of the Brazilian Order of Scientific Merit. He was the son of Jewish Russian immigrants.
Gleb Vassielievich Wataghin was a Ukrainian-Italian theoretical and experimental physicist and a great scientific leader who gave a great impulse to the teaching and research on physics in two continents: in the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and in the University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Superconductivity is the phenomenon of certain materials exhibiting zero electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields below a characteristic temperature. The history of superconductivity began with Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes's discovery of superconductivity in mercury in 1911. Since then, many other superconducting materials have been discovered and the theory of superconductivity has been developed. These subjects remain active areas of study in the field of condensed matter physics.
This page provides supplementary chemical data on carbon dioxide.
For classical dynamics at relativistic speeds, see relativistic mechanics.
Marvin Lou Cohen is an American–Canadian theoretical physicist. He is a physics professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Cohen is a leading expert in the field of condensed matter physics. He is widely known for his seminal work on the electronic structure of solids.
The random phase approximation (RPA) is an approximation method in condensed matter physics and in nuclear physics. It was first introduced by David Bohm and David Pines as an important result in a series of seminal papers of 1952 and 1953. For decades physicists had been trying to incorporate the effect of microscopic quantum mechanical interactions between electrons in the theory of matter. Bohm and Pines' RPA accounts for the weak screened Coulomb interaction and is commonly used for describing the dynamic linear electronic response of electron systems.
Volker Heine FRS is a New Zealand / British physicist. He is married to Daphne and they have three children. Volker Heine is considered a pioneer of theoretical and computational studies of the electronic structure of solids and liquids and the determination of physical properties derived from it.
In mathematics, the folded spectrum method (FSM) is an iterative method for solving large eigenvalue problems. Here you always find a vector with an eigenvalue close to a search-value . This means you can get a vector in the middle of the spectrum without solving the matrix.
Thermoelastic damping is a source of intrinsic material damping due to thermoelasticity present in almost all materials. As the name thermoelastic suggests, it describes the coupling between the elastic field in the structure caused by deformation and the temperature field.
Bruria Kaufman was an American theoretical physicist. She contributed to Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, to statistical physics, where she used applied spinor analysis to rederive the result of Lars Onsager on the partition function of the two-dimensional Ising model, and to the study of the Mössbauer effect, on which she collaborated with John von Neumann and Harry Lipkin.
In physics, The Keating Model is a model that theoretical physicist Patrick N. Keating introduced in 1966 to describe forces induced on neighboring atoms when one atom moves in a solid.
Francis Goddard Slack was an American physicist. He was a physics teacher, researcher, and administrator in academia who was renowned for placing equal emphasis on teaching and on research.
G. Norris Glasoe was an American nuclear physicist. He was a member of the Columbia University team which was the first in the United States to verify the European discovery of the nuclear fission of uranium via neutron bombardment. During World War II, he worked at the MIT Radiation Laboratory. He was a physicist and administrator at the Brookhaven National Laboratory.
In materials science, the threshold displacement energy is the minimum kinetic energy that an atom in a solid needs to be permanently displaced from its site in the lattice to a defect position. It is also known as "displacement threshold energy" or just "displacement energy". In a crystal, a separate threshold displacement energy exists for each crystallographic direction. Then one should distinguish between the minimum and average over all lattice directions' threshold displacement energies. In amorphous solids, it may be possible to define an effective displacement energy to describe some other average quantity of interest. Threshold displacement energies in typical solids are of the order of 10-50 eV.
Lattice density functional theory (LDFT) is a statistical theory used in physics and thermodynamics to model a variety of physical phenomena with simple lattice equations.
Wilson Marcy Powell was an American physicist and a member of the physics department at the University of California, Berkeley.
In condensed matter physics, the Slater–Pauling rule states that adding a element to a metal alloy will be reduce the alloy's saturation magnetization by an amount proportional to the number of valence electrons outside of the added element's d shell. Conversely, elements with a partially filled d shell will increase the magnetic moment by an amount proportional to number of missing electrons. Investigated by the physicists John C. Slater and Linus Pauling in the 1930s, the rule is a useful approximation for the magnetic properties of many transition metals.
David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Vapor Pressure
David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements
National Physical Laboratory, Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants ; Section 3.4.4, D. Ambrose, Vapour pressures from 0.2 to 101.325 kPa. Retrieved Jan 2006.
W.E. Forsythe (ed.), Smithsonian Physical Tables 9th ed., online version (1954; Knovel 2003). Table 363, Evaporation of Metals