Denver and Salt Lake Railway

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Denver and Salt Lake Railway
Moffat route.png
Route of the Denver and Salt Lake Railway
Overview
Headquarters Denver
Reporting mark D&SL
Locale Colorado
Dates of operation19021947
Technical
Track gauge 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge

The Denver and Salt Lake Railway (D&SL) was a U.S. railroad company located in Colorado. Originally incorporated in 1902 as the Denver, Northwestern and Pacific (DN&P) Railway, it had as a goal a direct connection of Denver, Colorado, with Salt Lake City, Utah. It underwent numerous reorganizations throughout its financially troubled history and by the time the company was acquired in 1931 by the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (D&RGW or Rio Grande), it had advanced only as far as Craig, Colorado. After the acquisition the line was connected to the D&RGW main, and the eastern half of the line was used to give the D&RGW a more direct route to Denver. The portions of the railroad still in use today are known as the Moffat Tunnel Subdivision of Union Pacific Railroad's Central Corridor. Amtrak’s California Zephyr service from Denver to Glenwood Springs follows much of the old D&SL route.

Contents

History

Front Range near Denver Mmtn.JPG
Front Range near Denver
Needle's Eye Tunnel Needle's Eye Tunnel on Rollins Pass - August 2014.jpg
Needle's Eye Tunnel
Arrow, Colorado Denver and Salt Lake Railway Arrow Colorado stop.JPG
Arrow, Colorado
Winter atop Rollins Pass A Show of Power.tif
Winter atop Rollins Pass
Gore Canyon This is the East End of Gore Canyon as the train continues East through Kremmling - panoramio.jpg
Gore Canyon
East portal-Moffat Tunnel Denver and Salt Lake train entering Moffat Tunnel.JPG
East portal-Moffat Tunnel

When the Denver, Northwestern and Pacific (DN&P) Railway was first incorporated in July 1902 by David H. Moffat, Walter S. Cheesman, William Gray Evans, Charles J. Hughes, Jr., George E. Ross-Lewin, S.M. Perry and Frank P. Gibson, Denver had been bypassed by the Union Pacific Railroad which reached Salt Lake City, Utah, via Cheyenne, Wyoming, and by the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (D&RGW), which ran from Pueblo, Colorado, west through the Royal Gorge. The Denver business community wanted its own "Air Line" west of the city to connect directly with Salt Lake City, and the railway’s president, David Moffat, vigorously directed the DN&P Railway efforts to that goal. [1]

Front Range

Construction began in December 1902 as the line headed west out of Denver and then started north up the face of the Front Range of the Rockies towards Boulder before turning west when it reached South Boulder Canyon. Chief Engineer H.A. Sumner, needing to enter the canyon area as high as possible but still maintain a 2% grade, gained the necessary altitude via the Big Ten Curve and some eight tunnels. As a bonus, his routing scheme along the front range provided rail passengers majestic views of Denver and its surrounding countryside. [2]

Continental Divide

By 1903, the tracks reached the Tolland area just east of the Continental Divide where Sumner’s second major engineering feat involved crossing Rollins Pass at an elevation of 11,680 feet (3,560 m). Originally, Moffat had planned to build a tunnel underneath the pass but funding was not available at the time. [3] The DN&P climbed to Rollins Pass using a series of switchbacks with a 4% grade at many locations; tunnels at various places as well as huge loops were also needed so as to get over the pass. At the time, it was the highest mainline railroad ever constructed in North America; Rollins Pass was entered into the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for its railroad related engineering feats. [4] Small rail stops at Corona at the top of the pass and at Arrow, 11 miles to the west, had restaurants and lodging which housed workers keeping the rail line free of snow in winter. Despite this, trains were often stranded for several days during heavy winter snows. [5]

Middle Park

In the spring of 1905, the tracks were completed on the western side of the divide to Fraser, and from there, the line went through Granby, Hot Sulphur Springs, and Byers Canyon to the last of Sumner’s railroad engineering masterpieces, the three mile long traverse of Gore Canyon. Built on the side of the canyon wall, the railroad track is the only way through the canyon (other than whitewater rafting the Colorado River), and was considered a "monumental achievement" in its day. The road then continued west to State Bridge, where it then turned north to Steamboat Springs in the winter of 1909. By 1913, it arrived at what would turn out to be its final destination, Craig in Moffat County, Colorado. [6]

Moffat Tunnel

The trials and tribulations of railroading over Rollins Pass were solved in 1927 with the completion of the Moffat Tunnel, which cut through the Continental Divide under James Peak. This 6.2-mile (10.0 km) long bore is 9,239 feet (2,816 m) above sea level at its apex. Fifty miles west of Denver, the tunnel was 'holed' through on July 7, 1927, and formally turned over to the railroad on February 26, 1928. [7] Moffat unfortunately never saw the tunnel that was named in his honor, as he had died in 1911 while in New York City, trying unsuccessfully to raise money to continue railroad construction.

Moffat Tunnel-Rollins Pass.png
Moffat Tunnel/Rollins Pass

Dotsero Cutoff

One year after Moffat’s death, the railroad was placed in receivership, and in 1913 it was reformed as the Denver and Salt Lake Railroad. Reorganized as the Denver & Salt Lake Railway in 1926, the DS&L was acquired by the D&RGW in 1931 along with the Denver & Salt Lake Western Railroad (a company in name only), whose sole function was to acquire the rights to build a 40-mile (64-km) connection between the two railroads. In 1932, the D&RGW began construction of the Dotsero Cutoff, from Dotsero (east of Glenwood Springs) to connect to the D&SL at Bond on the Colorado River. This project, which was completed in 1934, finally gave Denver its direct rail line to Salt Lake City. In 1947, the D&SL was completely absorbed into the D&RGW, which in turn was taken over by the Southern Pacific in 1988 and finally the Union Pacific RR in 1996. Other than the Rollins Pass section, all of the original DS&L railroad route is still in use today. [8]

Unfinished route

In Utah, the unfinished portion of the Denver and Salt Lake Railroad would have passed through the Uinta Basin en route to Salt Lake. [9] The Uinta basin has extensive oil shale resources. To take better advantage of this oil shale, multiple proposals to build a Uinta Basin Rail line connecting the basin to the national rail network have been made by both public and private interests, including multiple proposals made from 1915-1920. [10] Some of these proposals involve the constructing more of the proposed route of the former D&SL into Utah.

In 1984, the Deseret Power Railroad was built to connect a coal mine in Colorado with a power plant in Utah. The line follows a small portion of the proposed D&SL route, however it is completely isolated from the national rail network.

In 2015, the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) completed a study on the state of Utah's rail infrastructure that identified the Uinta Basin line as a top priority for a freight rail corridor. The study noted the strain the lack of rail access is placing on highways that serve the basin, and the price disadvantage caused by lack of rail access compared to other oil producing regions with rail. The study identified multiple possible rail corridors, including some similar to the originally proposed D&SL route, but stated their preference as a route via Indian Canyon (which currently provides the route of U.S. Route 191 into the basin). This route would connect to the Central Corridor near Soldier Summit. [11]

Related Research Articles

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The Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad, often shortened to Rio Grande, D&RG or D&RGW, formerly the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, was an American Class I railroad company. The railroad started as a 3 ft narrow-gauge line running south from Denver, Colorado, in 1870. It served mainly as a transcontinental bridge line between Denver, and Salt Lake City, Utah. The Rio Grande was also a major origin of coal and mineral traffic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transcontinental railroad</span> Contiguous railroad trackage crossing a continental landmass

A transcontinental railroad or transcontinental railway is contiguous railroad trackage, that crosses a continental land mass and has terminals at different oceans or continental borders. Such networks can be via the tracks of either a single railroad or over those owned or controlled by multiple railway companies along a continuous route. Although Europe is crisscrossed by railways, the railroads within Europe are usually not considered transcontinental, with the possible exception of the historic Orient Express. Transcontinental railroads helped open up unpopulated interior regions of continents to exploration and settlement that would not otherwise have been feasible. In many cases they also formed the backbones of cross-country passenger and freight transportation networks. Many of them continue to have an important role in freight transportation and some like the Trans-Siberian Railway even have passenger trains going from one end to the other.

<i>California Zephyr</i> (1949–1970)

The California Zephyr was a passenger train that ran between Chicago, Illinois and Oakland, California via Omaha, Denver, Salt Lake City, Winnemucca, Oroville and Pleasanton. It was operated by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy (CB&Q), Denver & Rio Grande Western (D&RGW) and Western Pacific (WP) railroads, all of which dubbed it "the most talked about train in America" on March 19, 1949, with the first departure the following day. The train was scheduled to pass through the most spectacular scenery on its route in the daylight. The original train ceased operation in 1970, though the D&RGW continued to operate its own passenger service, the Rio Grande Zephyr, between Salt Lake City and Denver, using the original equipment until 1983. In 1983 a second iteration of the California Zephyr, an Amtrak service, was formed. The current version of the California Zephyr operates partially over the route of the original Zephyr and partially over the route of its former rival, the City of San Francisco.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tennessee Pass (Colorado)</span>

Tennessee Pass elevation 10,424 ft (3,177 m) is a high mountain pass in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado in the United States. The pass was named after Tennessee, the native state of a group of early prospectors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uintah Railway</span>

The Uintah Railway was a small 3 ft narrow gauge railroad company in Utah and Colorado in the United States. It was constructed to carry Gilsonite which provided most of its operating revenues; but it operated as a common carrier from 1904 to 1939, also carrying passengers, mail, express, and other cargoes including sheep and wool. When a public library was built in Dragon in 1910, the Uintah Railway agreed to deliver library books free of charge to and from any borrower along its route. Many area ranchers and miners took advantage of the opportunity.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Moffat</span>

David Halliday Moffat was an American financier and industrialist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thistle, Utah</span> Ghost town in Utah, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soldier Summit, Utah</span> Unincorporated community in Utah, United States

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bond, Colorado</span> Unincorporated community in State of Colorado, United States

Bond is an unincorporated community and U.S. Post Office in Eagle County, Colorado, United States. The Bond Post Office has the ZIP Code 80423. Although Bond has never had a sizable population, the town has significant railroad history, and once was a stop for most of the passenger trains along the Denver and Rio Grande Western's main line.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Corridor (Union Pacific Railroad)</span>

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The Exposition Flyer was a passenger train jointly operated by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy (CB&Q), Denver & Rio Grande Western (D&RGW), and Western Pacific (WP) railroads between Chicago and Oakland, California, for a decade between 1939 and 1949, before being replaced by the famed California Zephyr.

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Hobble Creek is a stream in Utah County, Utah. Its mouth lies at at its confluence with Utah Lake, at an elevation 4,491 feet (1,369 m). Its source is located at 40°09′45″N111°30′03″W, at the confluence of the Left Fork and Right Fork Hobble Creek in the Wasatch Range. The source lies at an elevation 5,043 feet (1,537 m). The unincorporated community of Hobble Creek occupies the valley of the creek and its Left Fork.

<i>California Zephyr</i> Amtrak service between Chicago and the San Francisco Bay Area

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References

  1. P.R. Griswold (1995). David Moffat's Denver, Northwestern and Pacific: The Moffat Road. Rocky Mountain Railroad Club. ISBN   978-0962070723.
  2. "Railfan Guide". RailroadConnection.com. August 18, 2015. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
  3. "A Feat In Railroad Building: A New Road Over The Rocky Mountains From Denver To Salt Lake". GoogleBooks.com. 1905. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  4. "NRHP Submission". NPS,gov. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  5. Edward Taylor Bollinger (1979). Rails That Climb. Colorado Railroad Museum. ISBN   978-0918654298.
  6. "Moffat Road History". Elvastower.com. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
  7. Harold Boner (1962). The Giant's Ladder. Kalmbach Publishing Co. ASIN   B0007EB0H6.
  8. Robert G. Ahearn (1977). The Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad: Rebel of the Rockies. University of Nebraska Press. ASIN   B007EU3KEW.
  9. Strack, Don (May 30, 2019). "Salt Lake & Denver Railroad". Utah Rails.net. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
  10. Strack, Don (May 12, 2019). "Uinta Basin Railway". Utah Rails.net. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
  11. "1,4,6,7" (PDF). Utah State Rail Plan. udot.utah.gov (Report). Utah Department of Transportation. April 2015. pp. 20–21, 113–114, 138–146, 158–159. Retrieved March 18, 2018.