Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad

Last updated

Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad
Overview
Headquarters Marquette, Michigan
Reporting mark LSI
Locale Upper Peninsula of Michigan
Dates of operation1896present
Technical
Track gauge 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge

The Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad( reporting mark LSI), is a Class III railroad U.S. railroad offering service from Marquette, Michigan, to nearby locations in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. It began operations in 1896. The LS&I continues to operate as an independent railroad from its headquarters in Marquette.

Contents

At the end of 1970, LS&I operated 117 miles of road on 241 miles of track (188 on 388 km); that year it reported 43 million ton-miles (63 million tkm) of freight.[ citation needed ] In 2011, LS&I had been reduced to 25 miles (40 km) of track. [1]

History

Vintage LS&I steam locomotive, 1890s. American engineer and railroad journal (1893) (14574631077).jpg
Vintage LS&I steam locomotive, 1890s.

The Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railway was organized in 1893 as a subsidiary of Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company (now Cleveland-Cliffs Inc.), the iron ore mining company. From the start the railroad's primary business was the transport of iron ore from the Marquette Iron Range, west of Marquette, to docks on Lake Superior from which the ore could be shipped to steel mills on the lower Great Lakes. The primary towns on the iron range are Ishpeming and Negaunee, Michigan.

Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad box car, built in 1901, on display at Mid-Continent Railway Museum Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad - 2011 box car.jpg
Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad box car, built in 1901, on display at Mid-Continent Railway Museum

In 1904 the railroad carried over 1.2 million short tons (1.1 Mt) of freight, and over 1.1 million short tons (1.00 Mt) of that was iron ore. It had 489 ore cars, 14 locomotives, and 121 employees. [2]

In 1923 the LS&I Railway merged with the Munising, Marquette and Southeastern Railway (MM&SE), a short line running from Marquette 40 miles (64 km) east to Munising to form the LS&I Railroad. The LS&I's new spur ran through a section of the Upper Peninsula thickly forested with pulpwood, adding a second commodity to the LS&I's workload. The MM&SE/LS&I also operated a second spur from Marquette northwest to Big Bay.

Passenger operations were never major. In 1904 the railroad carried over 180,000 passenger-miles, compared to over 24 million ton-miles (35 million tkm) of freight. In 1931 two trains a day ran each way from Munising to Lawson, Marquette and Princeton. One train ran from Marquette to Big Bay and one on the east branch from Munising to Shingleton. By 1940 the Munising-to-Princeton and Lawton-to-Marquette service had been reduced to one train a day each way, and Big Bay service was operating three times a week. This level of service lasted at least to 1950. By 1955 the only passenger service remaining was a single daily train from Munising to Princeton; Marquette and Big Bay were no longer served. All passenger service had been discontinued by 1960. By 1962, diesel locomotives had replaced steam locomotives on the line.

LS&I Railway Express Agency car "J.H.Kline" at the National Railroad Museum Railway Express Agency "J.H.Kline" (5963544115).jpg
LS&I Railway Express Agency car "J.H.Kline" at the National Railroad Museum

The Big Bay spur was sold in the 1960s and Munising operations ended in the 1980s.[ citation needed ] A line between Humboldt and the Republic Mine (part of the Marquette Iron Range) was abandoned and railbanked in 2004. [3] Part of the line was reactivated by the Mineral Range Railroad in 2012 for a new mine, the Humboldt Mine. [4]

As of 2016, the Lake Superior & Ishpeming's primary remaining business continued to be the transport of iron ore over a 16-mile (26 km) short line from the Tilden Mine south of Ishpeming, operated by Cleveland-Cliffs, to Lake Superior for transport. Tonnage was declining sharply due to the shutdown of the adjacent Empire Mine, also historically served by the LS&I. [5]

Engineering

The Lake Superior & Ishpeming's historic main line operates on a relatively steep grade, called "The Hill", from Marquette to the iron mines. The steepest gradient is 1.63%. [6]

Because of the location of the LS&I's Marquette docks, the railroad must cross the Dead River. The trestle is 565 feet (172 m) long and 104 feet (32 m) high.

Nicknames

The LS&I's nicknames have included "Hayden's Scheme," "The Hook and Eye," "Little Sally and Imogene" (after the names of two daughters of H. R. Harris, its first general manager), and "Lazy, Slow, and Independent". [7]

Preservation

Lake Superior & Ishpeming ALCO 2-8-0 No. 19, lettered as Frisco No. 19, in Frisco, Texas Frisco Heritage Center June 2019 06 (Lake Superior & Ishpeming ALCO 2-8-0 No. 19).jpg
Lake Superior & Ishpeming ALCO 2-8-0 No. 19, lettered as Frisco No. 19, in Frisco, Texas

Almost all the preserved steam locomotives from the LS&I were saved by the Marquette and Huron Mountain tourist railroad of Marquette. [8] [9] All were sold off to separate preservation groups by 2002.

LS&I ALCO 2-8-0 No. 24 preserved at Green Bay, 1970 Hugh llewelyn 24 (5964102692).jpg
LS&I ALCO 2-8-0 No. 24 preserved at Green Bay, 1970

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Superior and Ishpeming 18</span> Preserved American 2-8-0 locomotive (LS&I class SC-4)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duluth and Northern Minnesota 14</span> Preserved American 2-8-2 locomotive

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Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad No. 23 is an SC-4 class 2-8-0 "Consolidation" type steam locomotive originally built by the ALCO's Pittsburgh Works in 1910 for the Lake Superior and Ishpeming (LS&I) Railroad in Upper Michigan. The locomotive was originally numbered 9, but it was renumbered 23 in 1924. It was used for pulling carloads of iron ore, as well as some passenger trains on branch lines, until 1962. In 1963, it was purchased by the Marquette and Huron Mountain tourist railroad, who used it to pull their excursion trains between Marquette and Big Bay.

Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad No. 33 is a preserved SC-1 class 2-8-0 "consolidation" type steam locomotive originally built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in April 1916 for the Munising, Marquette and Southeastern Railway as No. 44. In 1924, the MM&SE was purchased by the Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad and the locomotive was renumbered to 33. It served the LS&I by pulling heavy iron ore trains until it was retired from revenue service in 1962. The following year, it was sold to the Marquette and Huron Mountain tourist railroad to operate in excursion service, but instead sat idle in Marquette. In 1965, No. 33 was purchased by the founders of the Hocking Valley Scenic Railway in Ohio. Rebuilt to operating condition, No. 33 ran on the HVSR for many years before being sidelined in 1996 for an FRA-required overhaul that couldn't be accomplished. In 2003, No. 33 was traded to the Ohio Central Railroad and was overhauled for some occasional excursion runs between 2005 and 2008. The locomotive briefly operated again around the Age of Steam Roundhouse between 2018 and 2020. As of 2024, No. 33 is sidelined, awaiting to go through a 1,472-day inspection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Copper Range 29</span> Preserved American 2-8-0 locomotive

Copper Range Railroad No. 29 is the sole survivor of the C-2 class 2-8-0 "Consolidation" type steam locomotives. Built by ALCO in 1907, No. 29 was primarily used to pull loaded copper trains out of copper mines in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, as well as occasional passenger trains between Houghton and McKeever, until it was removed from service in 1953. In 1967, it was leased to the Keweenaw Central Railroad, who used it to pull excursion trains between Calumet and Lake Linden, until 1971. For thirty years, the locomotive was stored outside the abandoned Quincy Smelter plant in Hancock under the ownership of Mineral Range Inc.. In 2003, No. 29 was purchased by the Mid-Continent Railway Museum for static display purposes, and the locomotive's move to North Freedom, Wisconsin was funded and financed by the museum the following year. As of 2023, No. 29 remains on static display in front of two passenger cars on the museum's grounds, slowly undergoing a cosmetic stabilization.

References

  1. HNTB Corporation. "Michigan State Rail Plan - Technical Memorandum #2 - Existing Conditions" (PDF). Michigan Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. Office of the Michigan Railroad Commissioner (1905). Annual Report of the Commissioner of Railroads of the State of Michigan, for the Year Ending 1905 (Report). Lansing, MI: Michigan Railroad Commission. OCLC   10091602.[ page needed ]
  3. "69 FR 64632 - Lake Superior & Ishpeming Railroad Company-Abandonment Exemption-in Marquette County, MI". Federal Register. Government Publishing Office. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  4. "Mineral Range, Inc.-Acquisition and Operation Exemption-Rail Line of Lake Superior & Ishpeming Railroad Company". Federal Register. August 23, 2012. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  5. "CEO: Empire Mine in Upper Peninsula will close". Detroit Free Press . Detroit. March 25, 2016.
  6. Dorin, Patrick C. (1969). The Lake Superior Iron Ore Railroads. Seattle: Superior Publishing. p. 59. LCCN   77-77686.
  7. Durocher, Aurele A. (April 1958). "The Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad Company". Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin . 98 (98): 7–31. JSTOR   43520202.
  8. "Marquette & Huron Mountain Railroad". www.railroadmichigan.com. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
  9. "Re: Rio Grande Scenic 18 NNG". ngdiscussion.net. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
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  12. Colebrookdale Railroad Weekly Update 7/2/21, archived from the original on December 21, 2021, retrieved July 3, 2021
  13. Archived June 11, 2017, at the Wayback Machine , Retrieved 6-11-15.
  14. "Steam Locomotive Information". www.steamlocomotive.info.
  15. "RailPictures.Net Photo: LS&I 20 Lake Superior & Ishpeming Steam 2-8-0 at Allen, Texas by Nelson Acosta Spotterimages". www.railpictures.net. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  16. "BMG Railroad Contractors LLC". www.facebook.com. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  17. "Mid-Continent Railway Museum website" . Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  18. "Empire State Railway Museum - Home". www.esrm.com. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  19. "Steam Locomotive Information". www.steamlocomotive.info.
  20. "Western Maryland Scenic Railroad | Train Rides in Cumberland, MD". Western Maryland Railroad.