Devonwall

The counties of Cornwall and Devon shown within England

Devonwall is one name given to various proposals to link or combine the counties of Cornwall and Devon together in whole or in part. The name was initially used to describe political concept introduced in the United Kingdom in the 1970s by the Conservative government. It was an attempt to link the two counties together in an economic, political and statistical sense to form a South West region. This involved combining and centralising some local government functions and services such as the police, ambulance, fire services, as well as media output such as local TV and newspapers.

The term Devonwall has continued to be used to describe various other proposals that would see see Cornwall and Devon brought together in whole or in part, such as proposals for a Devonwall Parliamentary constituency

History

A Devon and Cornwall Police car

Early policy

The name Devonwall was initially used to describe the concept the 1970s by the Conservative government. The plan was to link the Cornwall and Devon counties together in an economic, political, administrative and statistical sense. This would see the combining and centralising some local government functions and services such as the police, ambulance, fire services, as well as media output such as local TV and newspapers.

Cornwall County Constabulary was merged with Devon and Exeter Police and Plymouth City Police to form Devon and Cornwall Constabulary (now known as Devon and Cornwall Police).

The Liberal Democrats supported these processes until the late 1990s. Conversely, Mebyon Kernow opposed the process, ^[1] and it did not receive widespread support from the Cornish public.^{[ citation needed ]}

Objective One funding

After the 1997 general election, the Liberal Democrats withdrew their support as they said that they agreed that the "Devonwall" process undermined Cornwall's claims to European Objective One funding. ^[2] Cornish demands for Objective One grant aid in the early 1990s for regeneration were often dismissed by Government officials as unrealistic and unobtainable,^{[ citation needed ]} but this ignored the fact that of the 56 most deprived areas in Devon and Cornwall, 51 were in Cornwall. Cornwall also had less than 75% of the average European GDP but these statistics were hidden when Devon—with its higher GDP—was viewed together with Cornwall under a shared stastical area.

In 1998, the new Labour Government recognised Cornwall as having "distinct cultural and historical factors reflecting a Celtic background", ^[3] thus allowing it to be separated in a regional and economic sense from Devon. This fact underlines the importance of Celticity to Cornwall in recent years. In July 2000, Mebyon Kernow issued the "Declaration for a Cornish Assembly".

"Cornwall is a distinct region. It has a clearly defined economic, administrative and social profile. Cornwall's unique identity reflects its Celtic character, culture and environment. We declare that the people of Cornwall will be best served in their future governance by a Cornish regional assembly. We therefore commit ourselves to setting up the Cornish Constitutional Convention with the intention of achieving a devolved Cornish Assembly–Senedh Kernow."

Between 2000 and 2006, £350 million of Objective One funding was made available to Cornwall and with the subsequent "tranche" (called Convergence funding) lasted between the beginning of 2008 to 2013 and was worth £445 million. There were many complaints from Cornish people that the management of the Objective One investment is largely controlled from outside Cornwall,^{[ citation needed ]} by the South West Regional Development Agency (SWRDA), in Exeter and Bristol. Cornwall was the only Objective One region in the UK and Europe where the project is administered from outside the region.^{[ citation needed ]}

Local enterprise partnership proposal

New opposition emerged again in 2010, with the new government announcing that local enterprise partnerships (LEPs) would replace regional development agencies. A number of Devon councils favoured joining with Cornwall to form a "Devonwall" LEP, with Devon County Council arguing the two counties would be better united than fighting for funding against "very big regional LEPs, particularly in the north". ^[4] However, Cornwall Council favoured a Cornwall and Isles of Scilly LEP. ^[4]

Possible Parliamentary constituency

Main article: Devonwall (possible UK Parliament constituency)

Further opposition arose in 2010 to a cross-border parliamentary constituency, dubbed a "Devonwall" constituency, as part of the coalition government's plans to reform the electoral boundaries. It was met with opposition in both Devon and Cornwall. ^[5] It was condemned by Mebyon Kernow and the Keep Cornwall Whole campaign, who planned protests in Saltash by the boundary of the historical division between Devon and Cornwall, ^[6] one of which took place in October 2010. ^[7] It was announced in September 2011 that the proposed new seat would include Bude in North Cornwall and Bideford in West Devon. ^[8] The idea resurfaced following the Conservative Party's outright victory in the 2015 UK general election, within which they took every Cornish seat. ^[9]

The PFA Research "What Cornwall Thinks" study found that 56 percent of respondents believe that the Devonwall constituency proposal would not be good for Cornwall as-a-whole, with only 4 percent believing that it would be good for Cornwall. ^[10]

The proposal was scrapped in 2020. ^[11]

Combined county authority proposal

On 19 September 2024, the UK government approved Devon County Council and Torbay Council's devolution plan to create a Combined county authority (CCA). ^{[12] [13]} Plymouth City Council had also been involved in talks to form the new CCA, but Tudor Evans, Leader of Plymouth Council stated preference a "peninsula-wide" approach which would include Cornwall. ^{[12] [13]} Linda Taylor, the Leader of Cornwall Council, responded by saying that she was "open to talks" but that Cornwall "deserves further devolution in its own right". ^[13] Andrew George stated that both Cornwall's MPs and Cornwall Council were in consensus that Cornwall should have devolution alone, as opposed to a combined arrangement with Devon. ^[14]

Current positions and popularity

Today many Cornish organisations such as Mebyon Kernow, the Liberal Democrats, the Cornish Constitutional Convention, as well as many Conservative and independent councillors on Cornwall Council still campaign against the "Devonwall" concept and are in favour of Cornwall being run as a distinct cultural, economic and administrative region with its own assembly.^{[ citation needed ]}

See also

• Cornwall portal
• Devon portal

• Cornish devolution
• Politics of Cornwall
• Economy of Cornwall

References

1. Jones, Martin; MacLeod, Gordon (2004). "Regional Spaces, Spaces of Regionalism: Territory, Insurgent Politics and the English Question". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 29 (4): 433–452. ISSN   0020-2754 – via JSTOR.
2. Di Cataldo, Marco (9 March 2017). "The impact of EU Objective 1 funds on regional development: Evidence from the U.K. and the prospect of Brexit". Journal of Regional Science. 57 (5): 814–839. doi:10.1111/jors.12337. ISSN   0022-4146.
3. Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster (22 October 1998). "Hansard 1998 – Cornwall has distinct cultural and historical factors reflecting a Celtic background". Publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
4. "Cornish resistance against bid to unite economy in 'Devonwall' partnership". This Is Cornwall. Archived from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
5. Becquart, Charlotte (24 May 2020). "The rise and fall of the controversial would-be 'Devonwall' MP". Cornwall Live. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
6. Steven Morris (5 October 2010). "Cornwall activists to protest against creation of 'Devonwall' constituency". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
7. "Hundreds gather in protest of 'Devonwall' constituency". This Is Cornwall. 5 May 2013. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013.
8. "New Devonwall constituency is a 'sad day for democracy'". This is Cornwall. 12 September 2012. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
9. "POLL: Would you support the creation of a 'Devonwall' parliamentary seat?". West Briton. 11 May 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
10. Rush, Robert (13 April 2017). "4% of Cornwall's Population supports 'Devonwall' Constituency Proposal". PFA Research. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
11. "'Devonwall' parliamentary constituency proposal scrapped". BBC News. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
12. Redfern, Martin (27 September 2024). "Government approves new Devon local government layer but says it still wants elected mayor". Exeter Observer. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
13. "Devolution deals on the cards for Devon and Cornwall". BBC News. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
14. Trewhela, Lee (6 September 2024). "Combined Plymouth and Cornwall devolution deal on the table". Cornish Times. Retrieved 5 October 2024.

Further reading

• Jones, Martin; MacLeod, Gordon (2004). "Regional Spaces, Spaces of Regionalism: Territory, Insurgent Politics and the English Question". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 29 (4): 433–452. ISSN   0020-2754.
• Stanyer, Jeffrey (1 January 1997). "The Janus-Faced Periphery: Cornwall & Devon in the twentieth century". Policy & Politics. 25 (1): 85–97. ISSN   1470-8442.
• Parks, Judith; Elcock, Howard (19 November 2007). "Why do regions demand autonomy?". Regional & Federal Studies. 10 (3): 87–106. ISSN   1359-7566.

External links

• KEEP DEVON OUT OF CORNWALL 'devonwall'
• Mebyon Kernow oppose 'devonwall'
• Church to form a new Diocese of 'devonwall' ?
• Cornish Assembly oppose 'devonwall' policies