Lamjung and Kaski State | |||||||||
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1856–1951 | |||||||||
Common languages | Nepali | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | 6 August 1856 | ||||||||
1951 | |||||||||
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Today part of | Nepal |
Lamjung and Kaski was a state which was given to His Highness Shree Tin Maharaja Jung Bahadur Rana in 1856 by His Majesty King Surendra Bir Bikram Shah.
It was ruled by the Rana dynasty, a Chhetri [1] dynasty, and was entitled to a 21-gun salute by the British. [2] The state was formed in the 18th century as part of the Kingdom of Nepal. The state's most famous rulers include Jung Bahadur Rana, Chandra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, Juddha Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana and Mohan Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana.
The present Lamjung and Kaski State is spread over the present-day Gandaki Province excluding the Mustang and Gorkha regions and has an area of 21,504 km2. The region is spread over the Himalayan, Hilly and Terai regions of Nepal. 5,919 km2 (26.8%) of the area falls under the Himalayan region. 14,604 km2 (67.2%) of the area falls under the Hilly region and 1,310 km2 (6%) of the area falls under the Terai region. [3]
This region was before part of the Chaubisi Rajya, the 26 Kings. In 1856, a sanad was given to Jung Bahadur Rana that gave him a right to use the title of Maharaja (Great King) and he was given Lamjang and Kaski State. Also in 1856, due to the fact that Jung Bahadur Rana and his brother Dhir Shumsher Rana helped the British in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 the British gave the Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski a 21-gun salute. [4] After Chandra Shumsher's reign the British gave all the Maharajahs of Lamjang and Kaski the title, His Highness.
He founded the Rana dynasty and became the Prime Minister of Nepal. During the Indian Mutiny of 1857–58, he sent a contingent of Gurkha soldiers to aid the British, thus establishing a tradition of Gurkha military service in the British army. He also did much to improve and modernize the administration of the country and revised the old penal code. [5] He was the first Prime Minister of Nepal to tour Britain and Europe. His full title was-
His Highness Commanding-General Supradipta-Manyabara Svasti Sri Madati Prachandra Bhujadandyetyadi Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, GCB, GCSI, Prime Minister of Nepal, Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski. [6]
He was the second Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty and the second Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski. Ranodip established many Sanskrit schools and published the first Nepali calendar. His full title was-
His Excellency Commanding-General Svasti Sri Madati Prachandra Bhujadandyetyadi Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Sir Ranodip Singh Kunwar, Tung-ling-ping-ma-kuo-kang-wang, Prime Minister of Nepal, Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski. [7]
He was the third Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty and the third Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski. Bir Shamsher constructed Bir Hospital, Singh Durbar, Vaidya Khana, Bir Library and Bir Dhara. [8] His full title was-
His Highness Commanding-General Svasti Sri Madati Prachandra Bhujadandyetyadi Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Sir Ranodip Singh Kunwar, Prime Minister of Nepal, Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski.
He was the fourth Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty and the fourth Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski. Dev Shamsher gave the publication of Gorkhapatra and some Primary schools to the public. He established Kanya primary school for girls. His full title was-
His Excellency Commanding-General Svasti Sri Madati Prachandra Bhujadandyetyadi Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Sir Dev Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, Prime Minister of Nepal, Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski.
He abolished Sati custom, and made it illegal for a person to be killed for witchcraft. He banned ritual suicide, and made additional reforms such as abolishing slavery with money from the treasury of Pashupatinath temple. He was the second Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski and the second Prime Minister of Nepal to visit Britain and tour Europe after Jung Bahadur. On 24 June, the University of Oxford conferred the honoris causa degree of Doctor of Civil Laws on him. On his departure, the Daily Telegraph wrote:
During the last few years this country has been visited by an unexampled succession of foreign personages, but none of them has been more interesting and few more important than the Prime Minister of Nepal.
He provided monetary and military assistance to Britain in the First World War, [9] as a result of which Nepal received a huge sum of monetary assistance, and the friendship became even more cordial after the successful conclusion of the Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923, which recognised Nepal as an independent nation and an ally of the British Empire. [10] His full title was-
His Highness Field Marshal Supradipta-Manyabara Svasti Sri Madati Prachandra Bhujadandyetyadi Projjwala-Nepala Taradhisha Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Sir Chandra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, GCB, GCSI, GCMG, GCVO, FRGS, Prime Minister of Nepal, Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski. [11]
He was the sixth Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty and the sixth Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski. His full title was-
His Highness Field Marshal Supradipta-Manyabara Svasti Sri Madati Prachandra Bhujadandyetyadi Projjwala-Nepala Taradhisha Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Sir Bhim Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, Prime Minister of Nepal, Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski.
He was the seventh Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty and the seventh Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski. Juddha Shumsher introduced the system of pension payment to civil servants and opened an office for keeping records of people's births and deaths. Juddha Shumsher implemented Company Act and established industries, such as Biratnagar Jute Mills, Juddha Match Factory etc. That is why he is known as the father of Nepalese Industries. Nepal had a trade surplus at that time. His full title was-
His Highness Field Marshal Supradipta-Manyabara Svasti Sri Madati Prachandra Bhujadandyetyadi Projjwala-Nepala Taradhisha Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Sir Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, GCB, GCSI, GCIE, Prime Minister of Nepal, Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski.
He was the eighth Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty and the eighth Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski. He began construction of the first east–west highway in Nepal. The highway was mainly intended to expedite the transport of mail and is also sometimes called Postal Highway. [12] Citing the lack of proper education in Nepal, he sent several teachers to various countries abroad to train. In addition, he also established several schools and colleges including Padmodaya high school and Padma Kanya multiple campus, which was also the first college to be established in Nepal for women. He held the first ever election in the history of Nepal in the form of a municipal election., [13] introduced the Government Act of Nepal on 26, January, 1948, although it was never fully implemented. [14] His title was-
His Highness Field Marshal Supradipta-Manyabara Svasti Sri Madati Prachandra Bhujadandyetyadi Projjwala-Nepala Taradhisha Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Sir Padma Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, GCSI, GCIE, GBE, Prime Minister of Nepal, Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski.
He was the ninth and last Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty and the ninth and last recognised Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Finance, Water Resources, Panchayat, Transport & Tourism, and Education after the Rana Regime ended. He was in charge of the transferral of power from the Monarchy to democracy in 1990. [15] He had two sons General Maharajkumar Sharada Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana and General Maharajkumar Bijay Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana. His title was-
His Highness Field Marshal Supradipta-Manyabara Svasti Sri Madati Prachandra Bhujadandyetyadi Projjwala-Nepala Taradhisha Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Sir Mohan Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, GCB, GCIE, GBE, Prime Minister of Nepal, Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski. [16]
Field-Marshal Shree Maharaja Sir Mohan Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, GCB, GCIE, GBE was the prime minister and foreign minister of Nepal from 30 April 1948 until 12 November 1951.
Jivajirao Scindia GCSI GCIE KStJ was the ruler of an Indian vassal state during the British Raj and later a government official.
Jung Bahadur Rana, was born Bir Narsingh Kunwar (1817-1877). His mother Ganesh Kumari was the daughter of Kaji Nain Singh Thapa, brother of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa of the then prominent ruling Thapa dynasty. During his lifetime, he eliminated the factional fighting at the court, removed his family's rivals like Pandes and Basnyats, introduced innovations in the bureaucracy and judiciary, and made efforts to modernize Nepal. He is one of the important figures in Nepalese history. Some modern historians blame Jung Bahadur for setting up a dark period of Nepalese history, an oppressive dictatorship in Nepal that lasted 104 years. Other historians blame his nephews, the Shumsher Ranas, for the dark period. Rana's rule is associated with tyranny, debauchery, economic exploitation and religious persecution.
The Rana dynasty was a Chhetri dynasty that imposed authoritarianism in the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead and making the Prime Minister and other government positions held by the Ranas hereditary. They are Kshatriya, whose ancestors were descended from the Ranas of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. The Rana dynasty is historically known for their iron-fisted rule in Nepal. This changed after the Revolution of 1951 with the promulgation of a new constitution, when power shifted back to the monarchy of King Tribhuvan.
Field Marshal Sir Kaiser Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, GBE was a field marshal in the Royal Nepalese Army. He was the third son of Maharaja Sir Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, GCB, GCSI, GCMG, GCVO the fifth Prime Minister of Nepal of the Rana dynasty and Bada Maharani Chandra Loka Bhaktha Rajya Lakshmi.
Commanding General Shree Maharaja Sir Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana was the 11th Prime Minister of Nepal. He is remembered as a statesman who made reforms and infrastructure improvements. Bir Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana was known as Kailay in his childhood; this name was given by Jung Bahadur. His mother was daughter of Pahalman Singh Basnyat and sister of Lalitman Singh Basnyat. His mother died at his birth and he was taken care of by Putali Maharani, wife of Jung Bahadur. He spent his childhood at Thapathali Durbar.
Sir Baber Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, GCVO, GBE, KCSI, KCIE was a member of the Rana dynasty who served as the Minister of Defence of Nepal in 1951. A prominent member of the Rana oligarchy, he fought valiantly in the First World War. He was the second son of Maharaja Sir Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana and Bada Maharani Chandra Loka Bhakta Lakshmi Devi. He was the younger brother of Maharaja Sir Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana and older brother of Field Marshal Sir Kaiser Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana.
Field-Marshal His Highness Maharaja Sri Teen Chandra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana was the Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty. He served in this capacity from 27 June 1901 to his death in 1929 after he successfully deposed his liberal and reformist brother Dev Shamsher. Although generally perceived as despotic and conservative, he is credited with several reforms including the abolition of slavery and establishing the Nepal-Britain Treaty of 1923, which recognised Nepal as an independent nation and an ally of Britain.
Commander in Chief Kiran Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1916–1983) was a Nepalese army officer. He served as the Royal Nepalese Army's Commander-in-Chief from 1951–1956 and as the Nepalese ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1973–1977. Over the course of thirty years, he served as Aide-de-camp General to King Tribhuvan, King Mahendra and King Birendra.
Sri Maharaja, Dev Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana was the Prime Minister of Nepal for 114 days in 1901. He was also the King of Lamjung and Kaski.
Brigadier Maharajah Sir Ranbir Singh G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E. was the Maharaja of Jind. He ruled Jind from 1887 to 1948- one of the longest terms as the ruler.
Field Marshal Shri Shri Shri Maharaja Sir Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana GCB GCSI GCIE was the Prime Minister of Nepal from 1 September 1932 to 29 November 1945 as the head of the Rana dynasty.
Field Marshal His Highness Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Padma Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana was the hereditary prime minister of Nepal and Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski from 29 November 1945 to 30 April 1948 as the head of the Rana dynasty. He was one of the first prime ministers of Nepal in over a century to advocate for social development, and even proclaimed himself to be "A servant of the nation".
Seto Durbar was a Rana palace in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. The palace complex, located south of the Narayanhity Palace, was incorporated in an impressive and vast array of courtyards, furnishings and guest halls. Seto Durbar was built by Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana in 1893 CE.
Jaulakhel Durbar was a Rana palace in Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, the capital city of Nepal. Jaulakhel Durbar was built by Bir Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana in 1954 BS.
The Rolls of Succession in Rana or Rollkram Pratha was the official order of succession of the Rana Dynasty of Nepal. This order was regulated not only through descent, but also by lineage. It was established by Jung Bahadur Rana as a formal ranking of all of his descendants in relation to their hereditary rights to the office of prime minister, with no legal mechanism for changing the government.
Dhir Shumsher Kunwar, after 1848 known as Dhir Shumsher Kunwar Ranaji or Dhir Shumsher Jang Kunwar Ranaji or shortly Dhir Shumsher Rana posthumously known as Dhir Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, was a Nepalese politician, army general, and minister of state. He served as the Commander-In-Chief of the Nepalese Army from 1879 to 1884.
Jagat Jung Kunwar Rana, popularly known as Jagat Jung Rana was a Nepalese politician, military officer and courtier in the Kingdom of Nepal. He was the eldest son of the founder of Rana dynasty, Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana. He claimed the Premiership of Kingdom of Nepal and the throne of Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski against the traditional agnatic succession of the Rana dynasty. Driven by this motive, he attempted a coup against his uncles; Maharaja Prime Minister Ranodip Singh Kunwar and Commander-In-Chief Dhir Shamsher Kunwar Rana in the winter of 1881–1882. He was immediately thrown out of the roles of succession among Ranas. Later, he was pardoned and was impeased by Ranodip Singh as his successor after the death of Dhir Shamsher, which caused envy among his Shamsher cousins and ultimately led to his death in the 1885 Shamsher coup.
Dambar Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana (Nepali: डम्बर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा; also known as Sano Maila ; 1859–1922 was First Nepalese Photographer, Military General, and Courtier in the Kingdom of Nepal.
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