List of Buddhist kingdoms and empires

Last updated

This list includes Buddhist kingdoms, empires, and khanates in South Asia, South East Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, West Asia and Eastern Europe.

Contents

South Asia

Sri Lanka

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
EstablishedDisestablishedCapital(s)Language(s)Today parts of
Anuradhapura Kingdom 437 BCE1017 CE Anuradhapura Sinhala Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka
Kingdom of Polonnaruwa 1055 CE1232 CE Polonnaruwa Sinhala, Sanskrit
Kingdom of Dambadeniya 1220 CE1345 CE Dambadeniya, Yapahuwa, Polonnaruwa, Kurunagala Sinhala Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka
Kingdom of Gampola 1341 CE1408 CE Gampola Sinhala
Kingdom of Kotte 1412 CE1597 CE Kotte Sinhala
Kingdom of Sitawaka 1521 CE1594 CE Sitawaka Sinhala
Kingdom of Kandy 1469 CE1815 CE Kandy Sinhala, Tamil

Rest of South Asia

Buddhist Kingdoms and Empires in India [1]
  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
EstablishedDisestablishedCapital(s)Language(s)Today parts of
Magadha 1100 BCE345 BCE Rajagriha, Pataliputra Sanskrit, Magadhi Prakrit, Ardhamagadhi Flag of India.svg  India
Kosala 1100 BCE5th century BCE Ayodhya, Shravasti Sanskrit
Malla 7th century BCE4th century BCE Kusinara, Pava Prakrit Flag of India.svg  India
Vajjika League 6th century BCE468 BCE Vesali Prakrit, Sanskrit
Mauryan Empire 322 BCE184 BCE Pataliputra Magadhi Prakrit
Apracharajas 52 BCE78 CE Gandhari Prakrit Bajaur District
Western Satraps 35 CE415 CE Ujjain, Barygaza, Minnagara Pali, Prakrit, Sanskrit
Northern Satraps 60 BCE2nd century CE Sagala, Mathura
Khadga dynasty 625 CE716 CEKarmanta Vasaka
Pithipatis of Bodh Gaya 1120 CE1290 CE Bodhgaya Sanskrit Flag of India.svg  India
Kingdom of Sikkim 1642 CE1975 CE Yuksom, Rabdentse, Tumlong, Gangtok Chöke, Sikkimese Flag of India.svg  India
Pala Empire 750 CE1161 CE Bikrampur, Pataliputra, Somapura Sanskrit

South East Asia

Indonesia

Malaysia

Philippines

Myanmar

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
EstablishedDisestablishedCapital(s)Language(s)Today parts of
Pyu-city State 2nd century BCE1050 CE Sri Ksetra, Halin, Beikthano, Pinle, Binnaka Pyu Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar
Thaton Kingdom 4th century BCE1057 May 18 Thaton Mon
Pagan Kingdom 849 CE1297 CE Pagan Old Burmese, Mon, Pyu
Myinsaing Kingdom 1297 CE1313 CE Myinsaing, Mekkhaya, Pinle Burmese, Shan, Mon
Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287 CE1552 CE Marthaban, Donwun, Pegu Mon, Old Burmese
Shan States 1215 CE1885 CE Mogaung Shan, Burmese
Pinya Kingdom 1313 CE1365 CE Pinya Burmese Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar
Sagaing Kingdom 1315 CE1365 CE Sagaing Burmese
Kingdom of Ava 1365 CE1555 CE Sagaing, Pinya, Ava Old Burmese, Shan
Kingdom of Mrauk U 1429 CE1785 CE Mrauk U Arakanese, Burmese
Prome Kingdom 1482 CE1542 CE Prome Burmese
Toungoo dynasty 1510 CE1752 CE Toungoo, Pegu, Ava Burmese
Konbaung dynasty 1752 CE1885 CE Shwebo, Sagaing, Ava, Amarapura, Mandalay Burmese

Thailand

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
EstablishedDisestablishedCapital(s)Language(s)Today parts of
Dvaravati 7th century CE11th century CE Mon Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand
Lavo Kingdom 648 CE1388 CE Lavo, Ayutthaya Mon, Old Khmer, Thai
Haripunchai 629 CE1292 CE Haripunchai Northern Thai, Pali, Mon, Lawa
Ngoenyang 638 CE1292 CEHiran, Ngoenyang Northern Thai
Phayao Kingdom 1094 CE1338 CE Phayao Tai
Sukhothai Kingdom 1238 CE1584 CE Sukhothai, Song Khwae Sukhothai
Nakhon SI Thammarat Kingdom 13th century CE1782 CE Nakhon Si Tammarat Southern Thai, Pali, Sanskrit, Malay language, Tamil
Lan Na 1292 CE1775 January 15 Chiang Rai, Fang, Wiang Kum Kam, Chiang Mai Northern Thai, Burmese language
Ayutthaya Kingdom 1351 CE1767 CE Ayutthaya, Phitsanulok, Lopburi Siamese
Thonburi Kingdom 1767 CE1782 CE Thonburi Thai
Rattanakosin Kingdom 1782 CE1932 CE Bangkok Central Thai

Cambodia

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
EstablishedDisestablishedCapital(s)Language(s)Today parts of
Chenla 550 CE802 CE Isanapura Old Khmer, Sanskrit
Khmer Empire 802 CE1431 CE Mahendraparvata, Hariharalaya, Koh Ker, Yashodharapura Old Khmer, Sanskrit, Dravidian languages
Post-Angkor Period 1431 CE1863 CE Chaktomuk, Longvek, Lvea Aem, Oudong Middle Khmer, Khmer language

Laos

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
EstablishedDisestablishedCapital(s)Language(s)Today parts of
Lan Xang 1353 CE1707 CE Luang Prabang, Vientiane Lao
Kingdom of Luang Prabang 1707 CE1893 CE Luang Prabang Lao
Kingdom of Vientiane 1707 CE1828 CE Vientiane Lao
Kingdom of Champasak 1713 CE1904 CE Champasak Lao
Muang Phuan 1707 CE1899 CE Muang Phuan Lao

East Asia

Northern China and Mongolian Plateau

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
EstablishedDisestablishedCapital(s)Language(s)Today parts of
Rouran Khaganate 330 CE555 CE Gansu, Mumocheng Rouran, Mongolian, Chinese
Uyghur Khaganate 744 CE847 CE Otuken, Ordu-Baliq Old Uyghur, Middle Chinese
Liao dynasty 916 CE1125 CE Shangjing Khitan, Middle Chinese, Jurchen
Yuan dynasty 1271 CE1368 CE Khanbaliq Middle Mongol, Chinese, Old Uyghur
Northern Yuan dynasty 1368 CE1635 CE Shangdu, Yingchang, Karakorum Mongolian, Chinese, Jurchen
Four Oirat 1399 CE1634 CEMongolic (Oirat language)
Bogd Khanate 1911 CE1924 CE Niislel Khuree Mongolian

Korea

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
EstablishedDisestablishedCapital(s)Language(s)Today parts of
Silla 57 BCE935 CE Seorabeo Old Korean, Middle Chinese
Goguryeo 37 BCE668 CE Jolbon, Gungnae, Pyongyang Goguryeo, Classic Chinese
Baekje 18 BCE660 CE Wirye, Ungjin Baekje, Classic Chinese
Gaya confederacy 42 CE562 CE Gaya Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea
Balhae 698 CE926 CE Dunhua Goguryeo Tungusic, Middle Chinese
Later Baekje 892 CE936 CE Wansanju Old Korean, Classic Chinese Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea
Unified Silla 668 CE935 CE Seorabeol Old Korean, Middle Chinese
Taebong 901 CE918 CE Songak, Cheolwon Old Korean, Classic Chinese
Goryeo 918 CE1392 CE Gaegyeong Middle Korean, Classic Chinese

Tibetan plateau

  • Kingdom
  • or Empire
EstablishedDisestablishedCapital(s)Language(s)Today parts of
Tibetan empire 618 CE842 CE Lhasa Tibetic languages
Phagmodrupa dynasty 1354 CE1618 CE Nêdong Tibetan language Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Rinpungpa 1435 CE1565 CE Shigatse Tibetan language
Tsangpa dynasty 1565 CE1642 CE Shigatse Tibetan language
Khoshut Khanate 1642 CE1717 CE Tibetan language, Oirat language
Ganden Phodrang 1642 CE1959 CE Lhasa Classical Tibetan and Standard Tibetan languages

West Asia, East Europe

West Asia

East Europe

Central Asia

See also

References

  1. Omvedt, Gail (18 August 2003). Buddhism in India: Challenging Brahmanism and Caste. SAGE Publications. ISBN   978-0-7619-9664-4.