List of London Underground electric multiple units

Last updated

London Underground tube stock 1992 Stock at East Acton.JPG
London Underground tube stock

Electric multiple units have operated on the London Underground since 1898, and exclusively since 1961. [1] They are of two sizes, smaller deep-tube trains and larger sub-surface trains that are of a similar size to those on British main lines.

Contents

The Waterloo & City line opened in 1898 with electric multiple units, [2] and the later tube railways followed, using trains that were known as gate stock, as access was via lattice gates at each end of each car. [3] The earlier railways had electrified the underground sections by 1907. [4] Pneumatic sliding doors were introduced on tube trains in 1920 [5] and sub-surface trains in the late 1930s. [6] Until the early 1960s an electric locomotive was exchanged for a steam locomotive on the Metropolitan line beyond Rickmansworth. [7] The Victoria line opened in the late 1960s using Automatic Train Operation (ATO), [8] and the last train with a guard ran in 2000. [9]

Sub-surface stock

Before 1933 the sub-surface lines were run by two companies, the District Railway and Metropolitan Railway. As the Circle line was operated jointly, they collaborated in building a prototype in 1900. [10]

StockImageEntered serviceWithdrawnLine(s)Notes
Joint Prototype Experimental Train.jpg
1900
1900
DistrictA 6-car train, 3 cars owned by each company [10]

District Railway

Initially District Railway cars were compatible, except for A Stock, and trains were made up from cars of any age, [11] until the incompatible F Stock arrived in 1920. [12] The District classified its rolling stock using letters of the alphabet in 1925, [13] before the fleet was rebuilt, forming main line and local pools. [14] The H Stock designation was used in 1925 for rebuilt B Stock cars and by LT in the 1930s for the remaining cars with hand-operated doors. [15]

StockIntroducedWithdrawnNotes
A Stock
1903
1925
Two prototype 7-car trains. [16]
B Stock
1905
—
Motor cars converted into 1926 H Stock. [17]
C Stock
1911
—
Rebuilt 1926–30, [18] reclassified as 1938 H Stock by LT. [19]
D Stock
1912
—
Rebuilt 1926–30, [18] reclassified as 1938 H Stock by LT. [19]
E Stock
1914
—
Rebuilt 1926–30, [18] reclassified as 1938 H Stock by LT. [19]
F Stock
1920
1963
Incompatible with the other District Railway trains, transferred to the Metropolitan line in the 1950s [20]
G Stock
1923
1959
Converted to Q23 Stock except for the single G23 cars that operated South Acton shuttles. [21]
H Stock
1926
1923–35
Converted B Stock cars [22]
K Stock
1927 [23]
—
Converted to Q Stock from 1937
L Stock
1931 [24]
—
Converted to Q Stock from 1937

Metropolitan Railway

The Metropolitan Railway used both Westinghouse (BWE) and Thomson-Houston (BTH) control equipment, making the cars incompatible. Originally cars had a saloon layout, but after 1906 surplus bogie compartment carriages built in 1898 and 1900 were converted. Compartment stock was introduced on Watford services after 1927.

ClassIntroducedWithdrawnFormationMotor carsComments
V
1905
from 1936
7-car150 BWE
200 BTH		The original electric rolling stock, built in 1904–06. [25]
Hammersmith & City
1906
from 1937
6-car150 BTHJointly owned with the Great Western Railway. Some trains lent to the Mersey Railway 1942–45. [26]
W
1906
by 1939
5-car to 8-car1927/30/31Bogie stock trailers that ran with 150 BWE motor cars before converted to run with the 200 BTH motor cars. Converted to run with motor cars from the MW pool in 1927. [27]
M
1906
by 1939
7-car, then 8-car200 BTHBogie stock conversion [28]
N
1906
1939
6-car, then 4-car150 BWEBogie stock conversion [29]
Circle
1913/21
1950
5-car200 BTH
200 BWE		Refurbished after 1933, when the motors were replaced. [30]
Hustle
S
1919/25
8-carExperimental compartment stock with swing doors, and motor cars with electro-pneumatic control equipment [31]
MV
1927–29
—
7-car1927Compartment stock, the MV stock trailers rebuilt from carriages. Converted in 1935 and reclassified T Stock in 1938. [32]
MW
1929–33
—
8-car1927/30/31

London Transport

In 1933 the Metropolitan and District railways were merged with the other underground railways, tramway companies and bus operators to form the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB), which continued the District Railway classification system. [33]

StockImageEntered serviceWithdrawnLine(s)Notes
H Stock
—
1957
DistrictSecond use of the designation, for District Railway trains that remained with hand-operated doors. [34]
M/N Stock
1935
—
Hammersmith & City
District		Converted to Q Stock in 1937 [35]
O/P Stock CO Stock at Barking.jpg
1937
1981
Circle, Hammersmith & City, Metropolitan,
East London and District		Converted to CO/CP stock in the 1950s. [36]
Q Stock Gunnersbury Station, with District Line train for Richmond geograph-2386618-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg
1938
1971
District
East London		District Railway cars built after 1923 with new Q38 cars. [37]
R Stock R Stock painted and unpainted at South Kensington.jpg
1950 [38]
1983
DistrictQ38 cars formed with new cars. [39]
T Stock Neasden metropolitan line station geograph-2384536-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg
1938
1962
MetropolitanConverted from Metropolitan Railway compartment stock [40]
A Stock Amersham A Stock.jpg
1961
2012
Metropolitan
East London		 [41] [42]
C Stock Gloucester Road station - geograph.org.uk - 640838.jpg
1970–78
2014
Circle
District
Hammersmith & City		 [43] [44]
D Stock D78 Richmond District line.JPG
1980–83
2017
District [43] [45] [46]
S Stock London MMB C0 Metropolitan Line S-Stock.jpg
2010–17
In service
Metropolitan (2010-current)
Hammersmith & City (2012-current)
Circle (2013-current)
District (2013-current)		In service [47]

Great Northern & City

The Great Northern & City Railway (now the Northern City Line) was a tube built in the early 20th century with an internal diameter of 16 feet (4.9 m) to take main-line trains.

StockEntered ServiceWithdrawnLine(s)Notes
GN&C Stock
1904
1939
Northern City LineReplaced by Standard Stock [48] [49]

Tube stock

The deep-level tubes use smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels with a diameter of about 11 feet 8 inches (3.56 m).

StockImageEntered ServiceWithdrawnLine(s)Notes
Original Waterloo & City line stock
1898
1940
Waterloo & City [50]
1903 Stock Central London Railway 1903 stock motor car.png
1903 [51]
1939 [52]
CentralCentral London Stock, with trailers rebuilt from locomotive hauled cars that entered service in 1900. [53] Refurbished in 1926–28. [54]
Gate Stock Baker Street Waterloo Railway platform March 1906.png
1906 [55]
1930
Bakerloo, Northern, PiccadillyExcept for two cars that ran on the Aldwych branch and were scrapped in 1956. [56]
1914 Stock
1914
circa 1935
[ citation needed ]		BakerlooFor the extension to Paddington [57]
1915 Stock
1917
Bakerloo, CentralMotor cars, used on the Bakerloo line until replaced by Joint Stock in 1920/21. Refurbished with the rest of the Central London Stock in 1926–28. [58]
Watford Joint Stock Steam versus electricity (CJ Allen, Steel Highway, 1928).jpg
1920
1930–31 [59]
BakerlooJointly owned with the London & North Western Railway, [60] and replaced by Standard Stock with air-operated doors. Three 3-car sets were modified for use by the LMSR on the Watford Junction-Rickmansworth and Croxley Green shuttles. These were withdrawn in 1939. [59]
1919/22 Stock
1920
1938
Bakerloo, PiccadillyFirst trains with air-operated doors [5]
Standard Stock Hendon Central station, underground railway above ground (CJ Allen, Steel Highway, 1928).jpg
1923
1966
Bakerloo, Central, Northern, Piccadilly, Northern City LineAlso known as pre-1938 [61] [48] Standard Stock trains ran on the Isle of Wight 1967–92. [62]
1935 Stock
1935
1976
[ citation needed ]		Four six-car prototypes, some with air-conditioning and stream-lining. Non-streamlined units converted into two cars in 1940 [63]
1938 Stock London Underground 1938 Stock at Amersham 5.jpg
1938
1988 [64]
Bakerloo, Piccadilly, Northern, Northern City Line, East LondonWithdrawn in 1985, but five trains re-entered service the following year to allow stock to be converted for One Person Operation. [65] In 1989 some trains were sold to replace Standard Stock on the Isle of Wight. [66]
Waterloo & City 1940s stock Waterloo and City railway - geograph.org.uk - 484027.jpg
1940
1993
Waterloo & City [67] [68]
1949 Stock
1951
1978
[ citation needed ]		Bakerloo, Northern, PiccadillyTo supplement 1938 Stock [69]
1956 Stock Morden London Underground (10).jpg
1957
2000
[ citation needed ]		Bakerloo, Northern, PiccadillyPrototype trains with unpainted aluminium bodies. [70]
1959 Stock
1959
2000 [9]
Central, Bakerloo, Northern, PiccadillyMinor changes from 1956 Stock
1960 Stock Hainault station - geograph.org.uk - 732687.jpg
1960
1994
[ citation needed ]		CentralPrototype motors cars that ran with converted pre-1938 Stock, then converted 1938 Stock. [71]
1962 Stock Epping Station, London Transport - geograph.org.uk - 616241.jpg
1962
1999
[ citation needed ]		Central, Piccadilly, NorthernCompatible with 1959 Stock. [72]
1967 Stock 1967 Tube Stock at Holborn.jpg
1968 [73]
2009–11 [74]
Victoria
1972 Stock 1972 Stock at Kilburn High Road 2.jpg
1972–75
In service
Bakerloo [43] [75]
1973 Stock PicadillyLine-ChiswickPark-20040929.JPG
1975–78
In service
Piccadilly [43] [76]
1983 Stock 1983 Stock at Kilburn tube station in 1988.jpg
1984
1997–98
Jubilee [77]
1986 Stock 1986-Prototype-Green-South-Ealing.jpg
1986–87
1989
JubileePrototypes [78]
1992 Stock South Ruislip station 037.jpg
1993–95
In service
Central, Waterloo & City [43] [79]
1995 Stock King's Cross St Pancras tube station MMB 08 1995-Stock.jpg 1997–2000
In service
Northern [43] [80]
1996 Stock Au Morandarte Flickr DSC00076 (10112746033).jpg 1997–1998
In service
Jubilee [43] [81]
2009 Stock London Underground 2009 Stock front.jpg 2009–2011
In service
Victoria [82]

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References

Notes

  1. ↑ Bruce 1988, p. 113.
  2. ↑ Green 1987, pp. 20–21.
  3. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 37–44.
  4. ↑ Green 1987, pp. 24–26.
  5. 1 2 Bruce 1988, pp. 49–52.
  6. ↑ Bruce 1983, p. 97.
  7. ↑ Day & Reed 2010, p. 159.
  8. ↑ Green 1987, pp. 57–58.
  9. 1 2 Day & Reed 2010, p. 205.
  10. 1 2 Bruce 1983, pp. 27–29.
  11. ↑ Bruce 1983, p. 69.
  12. ↑ Bruce 1983, p. 78.
  13. ↑ Bruce 1983, p. 82.
  14. ↑ Bruce 1983, p. 85.
  15. ↑ Bruce 1983, pp. 82, 96.
  16. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 30–32.
  17. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 28, 35–36, 85.
  18. 1 2 3 Bruce 1988, pp. 68, 85, 88.
  19. 1 2 3 Bruce 1988, p. 96.
  20. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 78–81.
  21. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 82–84.
  22. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 85–88.
  23. ↑ Bruce 1988, p. 85.
  24. ↑ Bruce 1988, p. 88.
  25. ↑ Bruce 1983, pp. 37–39, 76.
  26. ↑ Bruce 1983, pp. 42–43.
  27. ↑ Bruce 1983, pp. 23, 56, 72–73.
  28. ↑ Bruce 1983, p. 23, 56.
  29. ↑ Bruce 1983, pp. 56–57.
  30. ↑ Bruce 1983, pp. 64–64, 71, 76–77.
  31. ↑ Bruce 1983, pp. 70–72.
  32. ↑ Bruce 1983, pp. 72–75.
  33. ↑ Horne 2006, p. 63.
  34. ↑ Bruce 1983, pp. 96–97.
  35. ↑ Bruce 1983, p. 89.
  36. ↑ Bruce 1983, pp. 90–95.
  37. ↑ Bruce 1983, pp. 96–95.
  38. ↑ Horne 2006, p. 75.
  39. ↑ Bruce 1983, pp. 98–103.
  40. ↑ Bruce 1983, pp. 72–74.
  41. ↑ Hardy, Brian (2002). London Underground Rolling Stock (15th ed.). p. 36. ISBN   1854142631. The first train of A60 stock entered passenger service on 12 June 1961 (units 5004 and 5008).
  42. ↑ "Last A stock rail tour". Past Events. London Transport Museum. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Rolling Stock Data Sheet" (PDF). Transport for London, archived at What do they know. March 2007. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
  44. ↑ "Last day in service for the C-stock as modern air-conditioned trains introduced" (Press release). Transport for London. 3 June 2014. Archived from the original on 13 July 2014.
  45. ↑ "Our Upgrade Plan (leaflet)" (PDF). Transport for London. February 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  46. ↑ "Rolling Stock: D Stock". Transport for London. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  47. ↑ "Rolling Stock: S Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 29 December 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  48. 1 2 Day & Reed 2010, p. 131.
  49. ↑ Croome & Jackson 1993, p. 71.
  50. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 17, 23.
  51. ↑ Bruce 1988, p. 25.
  52. ↑ Bruce 1988, p. 36.
  53. ↑ Bruce 1988, p. 29.
  54. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 32–35.
  55. ↑ Bruce 1988, p. 37.
  56. ↑ Croome & Jackson 1993, p. 204.
  57. ↑ Bruce 1988, p. 45.
  58. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 32, 47.
  59. 1 2 Croome & Jackson 1993, p. 205.
  60. ↑ Bruce 1988, p. 47.
  61. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 53, 71, 72.
  62. ↑ Croome & Jackson 1993, pp. 355–356, 464.
  63. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 73–76.
  64. ↑ Day & Reed 2010, p. 192.
  65. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 77–82.
  66. ↑ Croome & Jackson 1993, p. 464.
  67. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 23–24.
  68. ↑ Day & Reed 2010, p. 198.
  69. ↑ Croome & Jackson 1993, pp. 313–315.
  70. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 87–90.
  71. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 93–98.
  72. ↑ Bruce 1988, pp. 91–92.
  73. ↑ Bruce 1988, p. 106.
  74. ↑ Day & Reed 2010, p. 219.
  75. ↑ "Rolling Stock: 1972 Stock". Transport for London. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  76. ↑ "Rolling Stock: 1973 Stock". Transport for London. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  77. ↑ Bruce 1988, p. 122.
  78. ↑ Croome & Jackson 1993, pp. 472–473.
  79. ↑ "Rolling Stock: 1992 Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  80. ↑ "Rolling Stock: 1995 Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  81. ↑ "Rolling Stock: 1996 Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  82. ↑ "Rolling Stock: 2009 Stock". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.

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