List of earthquakes in New Zealand

Last updated

NZ faults.png
New Zealand earthquake density map.gif
Major active fault zones of New Zealand showing variation in displacement vector along the Pacific–Indo-Australian plate boundary (left) and the distribution of earthquakes (magnitude 5 or greater)
New Zealand earthquakes 1960 to 2020 [1]
MagnitudeAnnual average
4.0–4.9355.9
5.0–5.929.28
6.0–6.91.66
7.0–7.90.26
8.0 and over0.01

This is a list of large earthquakes that have occurred in New Zealand. Only earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.0 or greater are listed, except for a few that had a moderate impact. Aftershocks are not included, unless they were of great significance or contributed to a death toll, such as the M 6.3 2011 Christchurch earthquake and the M 7.3 aftershock to the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake.

Contents

Earthquakes occur frequently in New Zealand as the country is situated in the collision zone between the Indo-Australian and Pacific tectonic plates, part of the Pacific Basin Ring of Fire, where many earthquakes and volcanoes occur. Most events occur along the main ranges running from Fiordland in the southwest to East Cape in the northeast. This axis follows the boundary between the Indo-Australian and Pacific plates. Large earthquakes are less common, where the plates are not subducting and the forces are accommodated in different ways.

The largest city within the highest-risk zone is the nation's capital, Wellington, followed by Napier then Hastings. All these cities have experienced severe earthquakes since European settlement. About 14,000 earthquakes occur in and around the country each year, of which between 150 and 200 are big enough to be felt. [2] As a result, New Zealand has very stringent building regulations. The 1929 Murchison earthquake and 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake led to the development of stricter building codes in New Zealand from 1935. [3]

Quite early on, European settlers were faced with the reality of earthquakes in their new home. On 26 May 1840, the new settlement at Port Nicholson was struck by the first of a number of earthquakes and tremors. [4] Early settlers learned fairly quickly the importance of using appropriate building methods in an earthquake-prone country. The 1848 earthquake, centred in Marlborough, caused great damage to the brick and masonry buildings in Wellington, and the city was rebuilt mainly in wood; consequently it suffered comparatively little damage in the 8.2 magnitude earthquake of 1855, which lifted the land 2–3m. [5] Many buildings in Hastings and Napier were damaged in the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake. New building regulations meant that any new buildings constructed afterwards attempted to take earthquake shaking into account in building design. [5]

Pre-19th century

DateLocationRegionMagnitudeDepthLatitudeLongitudeFurther information
(ML)(MW)
1100 Alpine Fault South Island7.6–8.3 [6]
1450 Alpine Fault South Island7.6–8.3 [6]
1460 Wellington Region Wellington8.08.025 km41.39°S174.80°E Haowhenua earthquake [7]
1620 Alpine Fault South Island7.6–8.3 [6] [8]
1717 Alpine Fault South Island8.1 [6] [8]

19th century

Information for earthquakes before 1840 are later estimates.

DateLocationRegionMagnitudeDepthLatitudeLongitudeFatalitiesFurther information
(ML)(MW)
1815 New Plymouth Taranaki 6.5 [9] 25 km38.99°S174.00°E
1817 Fiordland South Island 6.5 [10] 25 km45.99°S167.00°E
1826 Fiordland South Island 7.5 [11] 25 km44.99°S167.00°E
1835 South Auckland Auckland 6.5 [12] 25 km36.99°S175.00°E 1835 Auckland earthquake – Apparently a large shallow earthquake followed by aftershocks. Evidence rests on a single report that has so far not been verified [13]
1838Waitotara Forest Manawatu 6.5 [14] 25 km39.39°S176.10°E
26 May 1840 Paraparaumu Wellington 6.0 [15] 25 km41.00°S175.00°E
8 July 1843Near Taihape Manawatu 7.6 [16] 7.612 km39.59°S176.20°E2 1843 Wanganui earthquake
13 July 1846 Snares Islands Southland 6.3 [17] 25 km47.00°S166.00°E
19 November 1846 Karamea West Coast 6.5 [18] 25 km41.00°S172.00°E
4 December 1846 Wellington Wellington 6.0 [19] 25 km41.00°S174.50°E
16 October 1848 Blenheim Marlborough 7.4 [20] 7.812 km41.89°S173.60°E3 1848 Marlborough earthquake
27 July 1851 Motueka Tasman 6.0 [21] 25 km41.00°S173.00°E
23 January 1855Lake Wairarapa Wairarapa 8.2 [22] 8.233 km41.198°S175.20°E9 1855 Wairarapa earthquake [23] [24] [25] [26]
23 February 1863 Waipukurau Hawke's Bay 7.5 [27] 25 km40.00°S176.50°E 1863 Hawke's Bay earthquake [28] [29]
19 October 1868Cape FarewellTasman7.2 [30] 12 km [31] 40.20°S173.00°EFelt throughout Central New Zealand
5 June 1869 Christchurch Canterbury4.7 [32] –5.7 [33] 5 km43.55°S172.60°E 1869 Christchurch earthquake
26 February 1876Oamaru Otago 5.8 [34] 12 km45.20°S170.90°EDoublet earthquake: damaging in Oamaru & neighbouring settlements
18 July 1876Palmerston NorthManawatu6.8 [35] 50 km40.19°S175.80°EFelt strongly in Palmerston North
25 June 1881Palmerston NorthManawatu6.7 [36] 33 km40.39°S175.60°EFelt strongly in Palmerston North
5 December 1881Castle Hill [37] Canterbury6.0 [38] 12 km43.13°S171.77°EDamaged stone buildings in Christchurch, including ChristChurch Cathedral [39]
1 September 1888Lewis PassCanterbury7.0 [40] 7.112 km42.59°S172.55°E1 1888 North Canterbury earthquake
23 June 1891W of Port WaikatoWaikato6.2 [41] 12 km37.43°S174.43°E 1891 Port Waikato earthquake – Felt quite strongly in the Waikato and Auckland regions.
12 February 1893NelsonTasman Bay6.7 [42] 70 km40.99°S173.80°EFelt throughout Central New Zealand
18 August 1895TaupōBay of Plenty6.0 [43] 12 km38.80°S176.80°EFelt throughout Central New Zealand
8 December 1897 Wanganui Manawatu6.5 [44] 40 km39.99°S,175.00°EFelt throughout North Island, Strong in Wanganui

1900–1949

DateLocationRegionMagnitudeDepthLatitudeLongitudeFatalitiesFurther information
(ML)(MW)
16 November 1901CheviotNorth Canterbury6.8 [45] 12 km42.74°S173.35°E1 1901 Cheviot earthquake
9 August 1904Cape TurnagainHawke's Bay7.0 [46] 7.216 km40.40°S176.40°E1 1904 Cape Turnagain earthquake
12 April 1913MastertonWairarapa5.6 [34] 12 km41.00°S175.7°E1 [47] Chimney damage in & around Masterton
7 October 1914East CapeGisborne6.6 [48] 6.6 [34] 12 km37.80°S178.20°E1 1914 East Cape earthquakes
22 November 1914Mayor IslandBay of Plenty7.3 [34] 300 km37.50°S176.50°EFelt through North Island, chimney throughout Tairawhiti
1 May 1917 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 8.050 km29.00°S177.00°WFelt throughout New Zealand [49]
6 August 1917TinuiWairarapa6.8 [50] 6.8 [34] 12 km40.80°S176.00°EFelt throughout North Island
3 November 1918Puysegur TrenchSouth of New Zealand6.8 [51] 50 km47.00°S165.40°EFelt throughout Southland
29 June 1921Kaweka ForestHawke's Bay7.0 [52] [53] 6.6 [34] 80 km39.30°S176.40°E[ failed verification ]Felt throughout North Island
25 December 1922 Motunau North Canterbury6.46.4 [34] 20 km42.99°S173.00°EFelt throughout Upper half of the South Island
17 October 1926Ahimanawa RangeHawke's Bay6.0 [34] 80 km39.00°S176.40°EFelt through Eastern North Island
9 March 1929 Arthur's Pass Canterbury7.0 [54] 7.0 [34] 11 km42.83°S171.83°E 1929 Arthur's Pass earthquake
17 June 1929 Murchison West Coast7.3 [55] 7.7 [34] 9 km41.69°S172.20°E17 1929 Murchison earthquake
23 June 1929 Murchison West Coast6.5 [56] 6.2 [34] 14 km41.78°S172.32°EFelt throughout central New Zealand
12 February 1930PorangahauHawke's Bay6.26.2 [34] 33 km40.39°S176.55°EFelt throughout lower half of the North Island
3 February 1931North of NapierHawke's Bay7.4 [57] 7.8 [34] 20 km39.29°S177.00°E256 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake
13 February 1931East of NapierHawke's Bay7.3 [58] 7.2 [34] 16 km39.55°S177.31°EAftershock to Mw 7.8 event
7 May 1931GisborneGisborne6.06.1 [34] 12 km38.76°S177.66°EChimney damage in Gisborne region
22 September 1931Raukumara RangeBay of Plenty6.06.2 [34] 80 km37.81°S177.93°EFelt throughout North Island and upper South Island
5 March 1932White IslandBay of Plenty6.06.0 [34] 30 km36.50°S178.00°EFelt throughout upper North Island
16 September 1932WairoaHawke's Bay6.9 [59] 6.8 [34] 8 km38.95°S177.59°ECaused further damage to the already devastated Hawke's Bay.
5 March 1934PahiatuaManawatu7.2 [60] 7.4 [34] 12 km40.54°S176.29°E2 1934 Pahiatua earthquake
15 March 1934WairoaHawke's Bay6.36.4 [34] 25 km39.31°S177.23°EFelt strongly in Hawke's Bay and Gisborne
24 May 1936WhakataneBay of Plenty6.5 [61] 150 km37.99°S177.00°EFelt in North Island
17 December 1938Charles SoundSouthland7.07.1 [34] 47 km44.99°S167.00°EFelt throughout South Island
11 February 1939FiordlandSouthland7.0 [62] 25 km45.00°S167.50°EFelt throughout South Island
26 February 1940HastingsHawke's Bay6.025 km39.50°S176.50°EFelt throughout North Island
24 June 1942MastertonWairarapa6.9 [63] 7.1 [34] 12 km40.96°S175.69°E1 [64] 1942 Wairarapa earthquakes
1 August 1942MastertonWairarapa6.8 [65] 7.0 [34] 40 km41.01°S175.52°E 1942 Wairarapa earthquakes
2 December 1942MasteronWairarapa6.06.0 [34] 20 km41.08°S175.58°EFelt throughout lower North Island
17 February 1943Te AnauSouthland6.26.4 [34] 36 km45.29°S168.00°EFelt throughout South Island
8 May 1943WanakaOtago5.9 [34] 50 km44.23°S169.37°EFelt throughout lower & central South Island
2 August 1943Te AnauSouthland6.1 [66] 6.6 [34] 33 km45.77°S166.79°EFelt throughout South Island
2 September 1945Puysegur BankSouthland6.5 [67] 7.0 [34] 12 km47.47°S,166.12°EFelt throughout Southland and Otago
27 June 1946 Lake Coleridge Canterbury6.5 [68] 6.3 [34] 9 km43.18°S171.68°EFelt throughout South Island
26 March 1947Offshore Poverty BayGisborne5.97.1 [34] 15 km38.85°S178.80°E 1947 Gisborne earthquakes and tsunami
17 May 1947Offshore Tolaga BayGisborne5.67.1 [34] 15 km38.42°S178.87°E 1947 Gisborne earthquakes and tsunami
28 August 1947Offshore Mahia PeninsulaGisborne6.36.8 [34] 7 km39.35°S179.60°E 1947 Gisborne earthquakes and tsunami
13 October 1947Jackson BayWest Coast6.26.2 [34] 18 km44.42°S168.48°EFelt throughout southern & central South Island
23 May 1948WaiauNorth Canterbury6.46.4 [34] 4 km42.49°S173.00°EFelt throughout upper South Island; part of sequence
9 February 1949HāweraTaranaki6.4199 km39.67°S174.35°EFelt throughout North Island

1950–1999

DateLocationRegionMagnitudeDepthLatitudeLongitudeFatalitiesFurther information
(ML)(MW)
11 January 1951CheviotNorth Canterbury5.55.9 [34] 12 km42.79°S173.18°EFelt upper South Island, widespread damage in the Hurunui district
10 February 1951PorangahauHawke's Bay6.16.2 [34] 33 km40.21°S177.04°EFelt throughout North Island [69]
28 March 1951White IslandBay of Plenty6.4 [34] 394 km37.06°S176.98°EFelt throughout North Island
23 April 1951Cape RunawayBay of Plenty6.26.0 [34] 80 km37.53°S177.84°EFelt throughout North Island
24 June 1951Toaroa JunctionManawatu6.35.5 [34] 33 km39.45°S176.20°EFelt throughout North Island
28 August 1952PorangahauHawke's Bay5.86.0 [34] 12 km40.08°S177.19°EFelt in the East half of the North Island
29 September 1953TaurangaBay of Plenty7.2 [70] 273 km37.59°S176.48°EFelt throughout North Island & upper South Island
27 February 1955Raoul IslandKermadec Islands7.818 km28.40°S175.37°WFelt in the East half of the North Island
30 January 1956White IslandBay of Plenty5.96.4 [34] 12 km37.10°S177.42°EFelt in Bay of Plenty, Waikato and Auckland
29 December 1956MatawaiGisborne6.36.5 [34] 33 km38.30°S177.50°EFelt strongly in Gisborne and eastern Bay of Plenty
31 January 1958Ashley ClintonHawke's Bay6.15.5 [34] 12 km39.85°S176.58°EFelt throughout lower North Island, damaging in Hawke's Bay
10 December 1958Mayor IslandBay of Plenty6.1285 km37.27°S176.72°EFelt throughout North Island and upper South Island
14 September 1959Raoul IslandKermadec Islands7.835 km28.82°S177.07°WFelt in the East half of the North Island
28 March 1960MokauTaranaki6.6 [71] 237 km39.04°S174.81°EDoublet earthquake to 6.5 event
28 March 1960MokauTaranaki6.5 [72] 209 km39.04°S174.77°EDoublet earthquake to 6.6 event
25 May 1960Milford SoundSouthland6.36.5 [34] 12 km44.17°S167.72°EFelt throughout South Island
4 February 1961TaurangaBay of Plenty6.0309 km37.66°S175.97°EFelt in the East half of the North Island
27 December 1961MartinboroughWellington6.26.5 [34] 12 km41.51°S176.11°EStruck offshore, 65 km east of Martinborough
10 May 1962WestportWest Coast5.65.9 [34] 7 km41.67°S171.44°EWidespread chimney damage in Westport
18 December 1963Raoul IslandsKermadec Islands7.735 km24.77°S176.52°WFelt in the East half of the North Island
23 December 1963PeriaNorthland4.84.9 [34] 12 km35.08°S173.50°ELargest known Northland earthquakes (doublet); localised chimney damage
11 April 1965KaikouraNorth Canterbury6.112 km42.76°S174.14°EFelt in Kaikoura/North Canterbury
21 May 1965George SoundSouthland6.4 [34] 101 km44.94°S167.36°EFelt throughout lower South Island
9 December 1965Cape RunawayBay of Plenty6.56.1 [34] 190 km37.00°S177.63°EFelt in the East half of the North Island
4 March 1966GisborneEast Cape6.05.6 [34] 33 km38.73°S178.11°EFelt in Gisborne
23 April 1966Cook StraitMarlborough5.85.8 [34] 12 km41.64°S174.54°ECaused damage in Wellington; similar to 2013 Cook Strait
24 May 1968 Inangahua Junction West Coast6.7 [73] 7.1 [73] 12 km41.75°S172.04°E3 1968 Inangahua earthquake
25 September 1968Solander TroughSouthland5.96.3 [34] 12 km46.53°S166.57°EFelt throughout Southland and Otago
9 January 1972Te ArohaWaikato5.35.3 [34] 12 km37.58°S175.65°ELocalised chimney damage east of Hamilton
5 January 1973TaumarunuiKing Country7.06.6 [34] 163 km39.03°S175.26°EFelt throughout New Zealand
9 April 1974DunedinOtago4.912 km45.97°S170.52°EWidespread chimney damage in southern suburbs of Dunedin
5 November 1974OpunakeTaranaki6.05.4 [34] 12 km39.54°S173.46°EDamage in Taranaki; felt throughout central New Zealand
5 May 1976Milford SoundSouthland6.66.5 [34] 12 km44.67°S167.38°EFelt throughout lower South Island
15 January 1976Raoul IslandKermadec Islands7.843 km29.21°S177.63°WForeshock to M 8.2 event
15 January 1976Raoul IslandKermadec Islands8.231 km29.17°S177.31°WMain shock
28 October 1976Te PukeBay of Plenty4.9 [34] 12 km37.83°S176.34°EDamaging shock in a swarm lasting from August to December 1976
18 January 1977Cook StraitMarlborough6.06.0 [34] 33 km41.84°S174.58°EDamaging in Wellington; felt throughout central New Zealand
12 October 1979Puysegur TrenchSouth of New Zealand6.57.3 [34] 12 km46.70°S166.03°EFelt throughout lower South Island
8 March 1984MatawaiBay of Plenty6.45.9 [34] 75 km38.20°S177.44°EFelt throughout North Island
25 June 1984Macauley RiverCanterbury5.96.1 [34] 12 km43.59°S170.63°EFelt throughout central South Island
31 December 1984White IslandBay of Plenty6.312 km36.59°S177.55°EFelt around the Bay of Plenty
26 September 1985Kermadec TrenchKermadec Islands7.06.9 [34] 33 km34.64°S178.02°WFelt in East half of North Island
21 October 1986Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 7.7 [74] 29 km28.12°S176.37°W
2 March 1987EdgecumbeBay of Plenty6.16.5 [34] 10 km37.88°S176.80°E1 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake
9 March 1987Pegasus BayCanterbury5.230 km43.22°S173.20°EDamaging in Christchurch
4 June 1988Te AnauSouthland6.16.7 [34] 73 km45.12°S167.29°EDamaging in Te Anau & Queenstown; felt throughout South Island
24 May 1989Puysegur TrenchSouth of New Zealand8.2Felt in the South Island
31 May 1989Doubtful SoundSouthland6.16.4 [34] 23 km45.33°S166.87°EFelt in lower South Island
10 February 1990Lake TennysonNorth Canterbury5.85.9 [34] 8 km42.25°S172.65°EFelt in upper South Island; widespread landsliding
19 February 1990WeberManawatu5.96.2 [34] 23 km40.47°S176.44°EForeshock to M6.4 event
13 May 1990 Weber Manawatu6.2 [75] 6.4 [75] 11 km40.43°S176.47°EMainshock
28 January 1991Buller RangesWest Coast6.15.8 [34] 10 km41.90°S171.65°EForeshock to M 6.3 event
29 January 1991Buller RangesWest Coast6.36.0 [34] 17.3 km41.90°S171.72°EMainshock
9 September 1991South Taranaki BightManawatu6.35.6 [34] 86 km40.24°S175.16°EFelt throughout North Island
27 May 1992Wairau ValleyMarlborough6.85.9 [34] 79 km41.60°S173.66°EFelt in Central New Zealand
21 June 1992White IslandBay of Plenty6.16.3 [34] 5 km37.57°S176.82°EFelt in Bay of Plenty
11 April 1993TikokinoHawke's Bay6.16.0 [34] 25 km39.73°S176.71°EFelt strongly throughout Hawke's Bay
10 August 1993Secretary IslandSouthland6.76.8 [34] 22 km45.21°S166.70°EFelt as far away as Australia
10 August 1993OrmondEast Cape6.36.2 [34] 39 km38.53°S177.91°EFelt strongly in Gisborne.
18 June 1994 Arthur's Pass Canterbury6.7 [76] 6.74 km43.00°S171.47°Ereverse slip mainshock [77]
19 June 1994Lake ColeridgeCanterbury6.15 km43.16°S171.47°ETriggered from the M 6.7 Arthur's Pass event
6 February 1995Offshore East CapeGisborne7.07.5 [34] 15 km37.65°S179.49°EFelt in East half of North Island
10 February 1995NE of New ZealandEast Cape6.612 km37.92°7S179.51°E
24 November 1995 Arthur's Pass Canterbury6.37 km42.95°S171.81°EFelt strongly in the South Island
25 May 1997Raoul IslandKermadec Islands7.9339 km33.61°S177.80°EFelt throughout North Island and upper half of the South Island
20 April 1998TaumarunuiKing Country6.7 [78] 232 km39.02°S174.92°EFelt throughout the North Island
25 October 1999TaupōWaikato7.0160 km38.56°S175.91°EFelt throughout New Zealand

2000–2009

DateLocationRegionMagnitudeDepthLatitudeLongitudeFatalitiesFurther information
(ML)(MW)
15 August 2000L'Esperance RockKermadec Islands7.6 [79] 436 km31.94°S178.55°EFelt in Christchurch
1 November 2000FiordlandSouthland6.2 [80] 9 km45.12°S166.95°E
21 August 2001NE of New ZealandEast Cape7.1 [81] 7.133 km36.98°S179.16°EFelt in the Gisborne area
21 October 2001NE of New ZealandEast Cape6.312 km36.89°S179.86°EFelt in the Gisborne area
8 December 2001HaastWest Coast6.25 km44.11°S168.60°EMainshock
22 August 2003FiordlandSouthland7.0 [82] 7.224 km45.19°S,166.83°E 2003 Fiordland earthquake
18 July 2004Lake RotomāBay of Plenty5.15.4 [83] 5 km38.01°S,176.51°E1 [84] [85] Part of a swarm of earthquakes in the area
22 November 2004Puysegur TrenchSouth of New Zealand7.1 [86] 7.012 km46.57°S165.08°EReportedly felt as far north as Hamilton.
24 December 2004Macquarie RidgeSouth of New Zealand8.1 [87] 35 km49.31°S161.35°E 2004 Tasman Sea earthquake
14 March 2005W of New ZealandBtw. Taranaki & Tasman6.4154 km40.17°S173.63°EFelt strongly throughout central New Zealand
16 May 2006L'Esperance RockKermadec Islands7.5 [88] 7.4150 km31.56°S,179.30°WFelt in East half of New Zealand
16 May 2006Raoul IslandKermadec Islands7.133 km31.98°S,177.21°WFelt in East half on North Island
16 October 2007FiordlandSouthland6.7 [89] 6.75 km44.72°S167.39°EFelt lower half of the South Island
9 December 2007Raoul IslandKermadec Islands7.8152 km25.99°S177.51°WFelt in East half of New Zealand
20 December 2007GisborneEast Cape6.7 [90] 6.644 km38.89°S178.44°E1 [91] 2007 Gisborne earthquake
25 August 2008HastingsHawke's Bay5.9 [92] 5.532 km−39.72°S176.85°ESlight damage in Napier and Hastings
15 July 2009Puysegur TrenchSouth of New Zealand6.1 [93] 33 km46.07°S165.75°EFelt throughout Southland and Otago
15 July 2009Dusky SoundSouthland7.8 [94] 12 km45.76°S166.58°E 2009 Fiordland earthquake

2010–2019

DateLocationRegionMagnitudeDepthLatitudeLongitudeFatalitiesFurther information
(ML)(MW)(Mb)
4 September 2010 Darfield Canterbury7.17.06.411 km43.52°S172.16°E2 2010 Canterbury earthquake [95] [96]
22 February 2011ChristchurchCanterbury6.36.16.16 km43.58S172.67E185 [97] 2011 Christchurch earthquake [98] [99]
13 June 2011ChristchurchCanterbury6.45.96.07 km43.56°S172.73°E1 June 2011 Christchurch earthquake [100] [101]
5 July 2011TaupōWaikato6.55.55.4153 km38.65°S175.70°EFelt throughout New Zealand. [102] [103]
7 July 2011Raoul IslandKermadec Islands7.67.67.020 km29.31°S176.20°WFelt as far away as Christchurch. [104] [105]
22 October 2011Raoul IslandKermadec Islands7.37.46.533 km28.99°S176.18°WFelt in eastern half of the North Island. [106] [107]
23 December 2011ChristchurchCanterbury6.05.95.77 km43.52°S172.74°E1Caused damage in the Christchurch region. [108] [109]
21 July 2013Cook StraitMarlborough6.56.56.117 km41.61°S174.33°E 2013 Seddon earthquake [110] [111]
16 August 2013 Lake Grassmere Marlborough6.66.56.08 km41.73°S174.15°E 2013 Lake Grassmere earthquake [112] [113]
16 August 2013Lake GrassmereMarlborough6.05.95.88 km41.67°S174.26°ELargest aftershock to 2013 Lake Grassmere earthquake [114] [115]
20 January 2014 Eketāhuna Wairarapa6.26.15.834 km40.62°S175.85°E 2014 Eketāhuna earthquake [116] [117]
13 October 2014 Fiordland Southland6.25.85.49 km46.29°S165.87°E [118] [119]
14 October 2014NE of Whakatane Bay of Plenty6.55.782 km34.90°S179.65°E [120] [121]
17 November 2014NE of Gisborne Gisborne6.56.76.222 km37.68°S179.68°E1 [47] Felt strongly across the North Island [122] [123]
6 January 2015W of Arthur's Pass Canterbury6.05.65.55 km43.06°S171.25°EFelt throughout the South Island [124] [125]
24 April 2015SE of St Arnaud Marlborough6.26.16.052 km42.09°S173.07°EFelt throughout New Zealand [126] [127]
4 May 2015W of Wānaka Otago6.25.86.14 km44.54°S168.84°EFelt throughout lower South Island [128]
2 February 2016E of Macauley Island Kermadec Islands6.66.26.3366 km31.65°S177.74°EFelt widely in the North Island. [129]
14 February 2016 Christchurch Canterbury5.75.815 km43.5°S172.83°E 2016 Christchurch earthquake [130] [131]
2 September 2016NE of East Cape East Cape7.17.155 km37.01°S179.63°E 2016 Te Araroa earthquake [132] [133]
14 November 2016 Culverden North Canterbury7.87.8 [134] [135] 15 km42.757°S173.077°E2 [136] 2016 Kaikōura earthquake [137]
30 October 2018SW of Taumarunui Manawatū-Whanganui6.56.2207 km39.03°S175.01°EFelt widely in the North Island. [138]

2020–present

DateLocationRegionMagnitudeDepthLatitudeLongitudeFatalitiesFurther information
(ML)(MW)(Mb)
19 June 2020SE of L'Esperance Rock Kermadec Islands 7.47.37.310 km33.46°S177.44°W [139]
5 March 2021East of East Cape Gisborne 7.07.17.190 km37.42°S179.54°WFelt throughout New Zealand [140]
5 March 2021S of Raoul IslandKermadec Islands7.456 km29.61°S177.84°W [141]
5 March 2021S of Raoul IslandKermadec Islands8.119 km29.74°S177.28°W 2021 Kermadec Islands earthquake [142]
6 March 2021NE of Gisborne Gisborne6.313 km37.605°S179.598°E [143]
20 June 2021S of Raoul IslandKermadec Islands6.56.425 km30.216°S177.845°WAftershock of the 2021 Kermadec Islands earthquake [144]
2 March 2022S of Raoul IslandKermadec Islands6.66.524 km30.076°S177.728°W [145]
15 February 2023NW of Paraparaumu Wellington6.16.36.650 km40.56°S174.56°W [146]
24 April 2023Kermadec Islands7.1 [147]
20 September 202345 km north of Geraldine Canterbury5.76.06.310 km43.70°S171.07°W [148]

See also

Related Research Articles

Peak ground acceleration (PGA) is equal to the maximum ground acceleration that occurred during earthquake shaking at a location. PGA is equal to the amplitude of the largest absolute acceleration recorded on an accelerogram at a site during a particular earthquake. Earthquake shaking generally occurs in all three directions. Therefore, PGA is often split into the horizontal and vertical components. Horizontal PGAs are generally larger than those in the vertical direction but this is not always true, especially close to large earthquakes. PGA is an important parameter for earthquake engineering, The design basis earthquake ground motion (DBEGM) is often defined in terms of PGA.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raoul Island</span> Volcano in the Kermadec Islands, New Zealand

Raoul Island is the largest and northernmost of the main Kermadec Islands, 900 km (560 mi) south south-west of 'Ata Island of Tonga and 1,100 km (680 mi) north north-east of New Zealand's North Island. It has been the source of vigorous volcanic activity during the past several thousand years that was dominated by dacitic explosive eruptions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2007 Gisborne earthquake</span> Earthquake in New Zealand

The 2007 Gisborne earthquake occurred under the Pacific Ocean about 50 kilometres (31 mi) off the eastern coast of New Zealand's North Island at 8:55 pm NZDT on 20 December. The tremor had a moment magnitude of 6.7 and maximum Mercalli intensity of VII, and affected the city of Gisborne, but was felt widely across the country from Auckland in the north to Dunedin in the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009 Fiordland earthquake</span> Earthquake in New Zealand

The 2009 Fiordland earthquake struck the South Island of New Zealand with a magnitude of 7.8 at 9:22 pm (NZST) on 15 July. The earthquake was centred in the remote region of Fiordland, with the epicentre located 150 km (93 mi) west-north-west of Invercargill near Dusky Sound in Fiordland National Park, at a depth of 12 km (7.5 mi). It is among the largest New Zealand earthquakes to occur, including the Kaikōura earthquake in 2016 and the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake, which both had a magnitude of 7.8.

The 2010 Canterbury earthquake struck the South Island of New Zealand with a moment magnitude of 7.1 at 4:35 am local time on 4 September, and had a maximum perceived intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Some damaging aftershocks followed the main event, the strongest of which was a magnitude 6.3 shock known as the Christchurch earthquake that occurred nearly six months later on 22 February 2011. Because this aftershock was centred very close to Christchurch, it was much more destructive and resulted in the deaths of 185 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greendale Fault</span> Active seismic fault in New Zealands South Island

The Greendale Fault is an active seismic fault situated in the Canterbury Plains in New Zealand's South Island. The fault was previously unknown to geologists until 4 September 2010, as physical traces of the fault had been buried by gravel during the last glaciation period.

The Port Hills Fault is an inferred active seismic fault believed to be located beneath the Port Hills near Christchurch, on the east coast of New Zealand's South Island.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">June 2011 Christchurch earthquake</span> June 2011 earthquake in New Zealand

The June 2011 Christchurch earthquake was a shallow magnitude 6.0 Mw earthquake that occurred on 13 June 2011 at 14:20 NZST. It was centred at a depth of 7 km (4.3 mi), about 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Christchurch, which had previously been devastated by a magnitude 6.2 MW earthquake in February 2011. The June quake was preceded by a magnitude 5.9 ML tremor that struck the region at a slightly deeper 8.9 km (5.5 mi). The United States Geological Survey reported a magnitude of 6.0 Mw and a depth of 9 km (5.6 mi).

The 2013 Seddon earthquake measured 6.5 on the Mww scale and was centred in New Zealand's Cook Strait, around 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the town of Seddon in Marlborough. The earthquake struck at 5:09:30 pm on Sunday 21 July 2013 at a depth of 13 kilometres (8 mi), according to Geonet. The United States Geological Survey also measured the quake at 6.5, at a depth of 17 kilometres (11 mi). The quake caused moderate damage in the wider Marlborough area and Wellington, the nation's capital city 55 kilometres (34 mi) north of the epicentre. Only minor injuries were reported. Several aftershocks occurred during 21–29 July.

The 2013 Lake Grassmere earthquake was a magnitude 6.6 earthquake that occurred at 2:31:05 pm (NZST) on Friday 16 August 2013. The epicentre was located about 10 km south-east of Seddon, under Lake Grassmere, with a focal depth of 8 km. The earthquake caused significant land damage in the local area, with landslips blocking roads, including the main highway between Blenheim and Christchurch. Buildings in Seddon were damaged, with some being declared uninhabitable. The earthquake was widely felt in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand.

The 2014 Eketāhuna earthquake struck at 3:52 pm on 20 January, centred 15 km east of Eketāhuna in the south-east of New Zealand's North Island. It had a maximum perceived intensity of VII on the Mercalli intensity scale. Originally reported as magnitude 6.6 on the Richter Scale, the earthquake was later downgraded to a magnitude of 6.2. A total of 1112 aftershocks were recorded, ranging between magnitudes 2.0 and 4.9 on the Richter Scale.

The 1863 Hawke's Bay earthquake was a devastating magnitude 7.5 Mw earthquake that struck near the town of Waipukurau on 23 February 1863. It remained the single largest earthquake to strike Hawke's Bay until 1931, where a magnitude 7.8 quake leveled much of Napier and Hastings, and killed 256 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hikurangi Margin</span> Subduction zone off the east coast of New Zealands North Island

The Hikurangi Margin is New Zealand's largest subduction zone and fault.

The 2016 Te Araroa earthquake was an earthquake measuring 7.1 on the moment magnitude scale that occurred at 04:37:55 NZST on 2 September 2016. The epicentre was located 125 km (78 mi) north-east of Te Araroa off the East Cape of the North Island of New Zealand with a focal depth of 22 km (14 mi). The earthquake was widely felt throughout the North Island and in the upper South Island. There were no reported casualties, and buildings predominantly suffered only a little bit of damage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Kaikōura earthquake</span> Earthquake in New Zealand

The 2016 Kaikōura earthquake was a magnitude 7.8 (Mw) earthquake in the South Island of New Zealand that occurred two minutes after midnight on 14 November 2016 NZDT. Ruptures occurred on multiple faults and the earthquake has been described as the "most complex earthquake ever studied". It has been subsequently modelled as having a megathrust component set off by an adjacent rupture on the Humps Fault. It was also the second largest earthquake since European settlement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Act 2011</span> New Zealand Act of Parliament

The Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Act 2011 was a New Zealand statute that repealed the Canterbury Earthquake Response and Recovery Act 2010 and set out measures to respond to the impact of the Canterbury earthquakes, and in particular the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake.

The 2021 Kermadec Islands earthquakes were a series of earthquakes with magnitudes of 8.1 and 7.4 that occurred at 19:28:31 UTC on 4 March 2021. The epicentres were located southeast of Raoul Island in the Kermadec Islands, part of the New Zealand outlying islands. The main magnitude 8.1 earthquake was preceded by a magnitude 7.4 foreshock and followed by a magnitude 6.1 aftershock. A separate, unrelated magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurred off the coast of the North Island of New Zealand, approximately 900 km to the south, several hours before the main quakes. More than a dozen aftershocks exceeded magnitude 6.

References

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