This article lists the highest natural elevation of each sovereign state on the continent of Europe defined physiographically.
Not all points in this list are mountains or hills, some are simply elevations that are not distinguishable as geographical features.
Notes are provided where territorial disputes or inconsistencies affect the listings. Some couples such as Denmark (Greenland), Netherlands (Saba), Spain (Canary Islands) and Portugal (Azores Islands) have part of their territory and their high points outside of Europe; their non-European high points are mentioned in the Notes.
For more details about Serbian and Kosovan highest points and ranks, see list of mountains in Kosovo.
Three other entries of partially recognized couples with highest points in Europe are listed and ranked in italics. For more details see list of states with limited recognition.
Rank | Country | Highest point | Elevation |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Russia | Mount Elbrus | 5,642 m (18,510 ft) |
2 | Georgia | Shkhara [1] | 5,193 m (17,037 ft) |
3 | Turkey (Eastern Anatolia) | Mount Ararat | 5,137 m (16,854 ft) |
4 | Italy / France | Mont Blanc [2] [3] | 4,808 m (15,774 ft) |
5 | Switzerland | Dufourspitze | 4,634 m (15,203 ft) |
6 | Azerbaijan | Bazardüzü [4] | 4,466 m (14,652 ft) |
7 | Armenia | Mount Aragats [5] | 4,090 m (13,419 ft) |
8 | Austria | Grossglockner | 3,798 m (12,461 ft) |
9 | Spain (Canary Islands) | Teide [6] | 3,718 m (12,198 ft) |
10 | Denmark (Greenland) | Gunnbjørn Fjeld [7] | 3,694 m (12,119 ft) |
11 | Spain | Mulhacén [6] | 3,482 m (11,424 ft) |
12 | Germany | Zugspitze | 2,962 m (9,718 ft) |
13 | Andorra | Coma Pedrosa | 2,942 m (9,652 ft) |
14 | Bulgaria | Musala | 2,925 m (9,596 ft) |
15 | Greece | Mount Olympus | 2,917 m (9,570 ft) |
16 | Slovenia | Triglav | 2,864 m (9,396 ft) |
17 | Albania | Mount Korab | 2,764 m (9,068 ft) |
North Macedonia | Mount Korab | 2,764 m (9,068 ft) | |
18 | Slovakia | Gerlachovský štít | 2,655 m (8,711 ft) |
19 | Liechtenstein | Vorder Grauspitz | 2,599 m (8,527 ft) |
20 | Romania | Moldoveanu Peak | 2,544 m (8,346 ft) |
21 | Montenegro | Zla Kolata | 2,534 m (8,314 ft) |
22 | Poland | Rysy (NW summit) | 2,499 m (8,199 ft) |
23 | Norway | Galdhøpiggen | 2,469 m (8,100 ft) |
24 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Maglić | 2,386 m (7,828 ft) |
25 | Portugal (Azores) | Mount Pico [8] | 2,351 m (7,713 ft) |
26 | Serbia | Midžor | 2,169 m (7,116 ft) |
27 | Iceland | Hvannadalshnúkur | 2,110 m (6,923 ft) |
28 | Sweden | Kebnekaise | 2,104 m (6,903 ft) |
29 | Ukraine | Hoverla | 2,061 m (6,762 ft) |
30 | Portugal | Serra da Estrela [8] | 1,993 m (6,539 ft) |
31 | Cyprus | Mount Olympus | 1,952 m (6,404 ft) |
32 | Croatia | Dinara | 1,831 m (6,007 ft) |
33 | Czechia | Sněžka | 1,603 m (5,259 ft) |
34 | United Kingdom | Ben Nevis [9] | 1,345 m (4,413 ft) |
35 | Finland | Halti | 1,324 m (4,344 ft) |
36 | Ireland (Republic of) | Carrauntoohil | 1,039 m (3,409 ft) |
37 | Turkey (European Turkey) | Mahya Dağı [10] | 1,031 m (3,383 ft) |
38 | Hungary | Kékes | 1,014 m (3,327 ft) |
39 | Netherlands (Saba) | Mount Scenery [11] | 887 m (2,910 ft) |
40 | San Marino | Monte Titano | 749 m (2,457 ft) |
41 | Belgium | Signal de Botrange | 694 m (2,277 ft) |
42 | Luxembourg | Kneiff | 560 m (1,837 ft) |
43 | Moldova | Bălănești Hill | 430 m (1,411 ft) |
44 | Belarus | Dzyarzhynskaya Hara | 345 m (1,132 ft) |
45 | Netherlands | Vaalserberg [11] | 321 m (1,053 ft) |
46 | Estonia | Suur Munamägi | 318 m (1,043 ft) |
47 | Latvia | Gaiziņkalns | 312 m (1,024 ft) |
48 | Lithuania | Aukštojas Hill | 294 m (965 ft) |
49 | Malta | Ta' Dmejrek | 253 m (830 ft) |
50 | Denmark | Møllehøj [7] | 171 m (561 ft) |
51 | Monaco | Chemin des Révoires | 163 m (535 ft) |
52 | Vatican City | Vatican Hill | 75 m (246 ft) |
Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in the Alps and Western Europe, and the highest mountain in Europe outside the Caucasus Mountains, rising 4,805.59 m (15,766 ft) above sea level, located on the Franco-Italian border. It is the second-most prominent mountain in Europe, after Mount Elbrus, and the 11th most prominent mountain in the world.
The Seven Summits are the highest mountains on each of the seven traditional continents. On 30 April 1985, Richard Bass became the first climber to reach the summit of all seven.
The Green Mountains are a mountain range in the U.S. state of Vermont and are a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains. The range runs primarily south to north and extends approximately 250 miles (400 km) from the border with Massachusetts to the border with Quebec, Canada. The part of the same range that is in Massachusetts and Connecticut is known as The Berkshires or the Berkshire Hills and the Quebec portion is called the Sutton Mountains, or Monts Sutton in French.
In topography, prominence or relative height measures the height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a summit. The key col ("saddle") around the peak is a unique point on this contour line and the parent peak is some higher mountain, selected according to various criteria.
This is a list of the extreme points of Europe: the geographical points that are higher or farther north, south, east or west than any other location in Europe. Some of these positions are open to debate, as the definition of Europe is diverse.
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Mulhacén, with an elevation of 3,482 metres (11,424 ft), is the highest mountain in peninsular Spain and in all of the Iberian Peninsula. It is part of the Sierra Nevada range in the Penibaetic System. It is named after Abu'l-Hasan Ali, known as Muley Hacén in Spanish, the penultimate Muslim ruler of Granada in the 15th century who, according to legend, was buried on the summit of the mountain. It is still known in present-day Arabic as Jabal Mawla el-Hassan.
The Seven Second Summits are the second-highest mountains of each of the seven continents. All of these mountains are separate peaks rather than a sub-peak of the continents' high point. The Seven Second Summits are considered a harder challenge than the traditional Seven Summits.
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An ultra-prominent peak, or ultra for short, is a mountain summit with a topographic prominence of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) or more; it is also called a P1500. The prominence of a peak is the minimum height of climb to the summit on any route from a higher peak, or from sea level if there is no higher peak. There are approximately 1,524 such peaks on Earth. Some well-known peaks, such as the Matterhorn and Eiger, are not ultras because they are connected to higher mountains by high cols and thus do not achieve enough topographic prominence.
The topographic isolation of a summit is the minimum distance to a point of equal elevation, representing a radius of dominance in which the peak is the highest point. It can be calculated for small hills and islands as well as for major mountain peaks and can even be calculated for submarine summits. Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth, has an undefined isolation, since there are no higher points to reference.
Mountains of Azerbaijan cover approximately 60 percent of the country's land area. There are three mountain ranges in the territory of Azerbaijan, which are the Greater Caucasus, the Lesser Caucasus, and the Talysh Mountains.
The most isolated major summits of Europe by topographic isolation are located in the European continent and its tectonic and geographic boundaries. This includes major mountain peaks of fold and fault-block mountains, and also volcanoes, located not only in the European Mainland, but also those located on lands and islands on the limits of Europe, like the North Atlantic Ocean islands of the Azores and Iceland, the Arctic Ocean islands of Jan Mayen, Svalbard archipelago and Novaya Zemlya archipelago, the Mediterranean island of Sicily, the Ural Mountains, and Mount Elbrus. The last mentioned is HP of the transboundary Caucasus Mountains and Greater Caucasus region, but as a geologically separate stratovolcano, it is entirely laying in Europe, 20 km (12 mi) north of the main ridge of the Greater Caucasus, considered as the one that is forming the limits of Europe. The definition excludes island clearly lying on the African Plate and outside the geographic limits of Europe, like the Canaries and Madeira. The active volcano of Mount Etna is somehow on, or just outside the boundaries of the Eurasian Plate, resting on the subduction boundary where the African tectonic plate is being pushed under the Eurasian plate, but geographically is part of Europe, and is also included in the Top 10 lists.