List of icebreakers

This is a list of icebreakers and other special icebreaking vessels (except cargo ships and tankers) capable of operating independently in ice-covered waters. Ships known to be in service are presented in bold. ^{[1] [2]}

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Argentina

• ARA General San Martín (1954–1982)
• ARA Almirante Irízar (1978–2007, 2017–)
• ARA Bahía Paraíso (1980–1989; sank in Antarctica)
• A new icebreaking Antarctic logistics vessel is planned to enter service in the late 2020s. ^[3]

Australia

• Aurora Australis (1990–2020; decommissioned)
• Nuyina (2021–) ^[4]

Austria

• Eisvogel (1955–)
• Röthelstein (1995–)

Azerbaijan

• Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1992–1999; laid up) ^[5]

Canada

See also: ICE Pact

Canadian Coast Guard

CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent in Halifax Harbour

• CGS Northern Light (1876–1890; sold)
• CGS Stanley (1888–1935; broken up)
• CGS Minto (1899–1915; sold to Russia)
• CGS Montcalm (1904–1942; sold to Russia)
• CGS Earl Grey (1909–1914; sold to Russia) ^[6]
• CGS Mikula (1916; 1923–1937; ex-J.D. Hazen, ex-Mikula Seleaninovich; broken up) ^[6]
• CCGS Saurel (1929–1967; broken up) ^[6]
• CCGS N.B. McLean (1930–1979; broken up)
• CCGS Ernest Lapointe (1939–1978; museum ship)
• CCGS C.D. Howe (1950–1969; sold to private company)
• CCGS D'Iberville (1952–1983; broken up)
• CCGS Labrador (1954–1987; broken up)
• CCGS Montcalm (1957–1988; broken up)
• CCGS Sir William Alexander (1959–1989; CCGS William since 1987; sold to private company)
• CCGS Sir Humphrey Gilbert (1959–2001; sold to private company)
• CCGS Alexander Henry (1959–1984; museum ship)
• CCGS Camsell (1959–1988; broken up)
• CCGS Wolfe (1959–1988; broken up)
• CCGS Tupper (1959–1997; sold to private company)
• CCGS John A. Macdonald (1960–1991; broken up)
• CCGS John Cabot (1965–1994; sold to private company)
• CCGS Norman McLeod Rogers (1969–1993; sold to Chile)
• CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent (1969–)
• CCGS Griffon (1970–)
• Pierre Radisson class
  • CCGS Pierre Radisson (1977–)
  • CCGS Amundsen (1979–)
  • CCGS Des Groseilliers (1982–)
  • CCGS Henry Larsen (1987–)
• Samuel Risley class
  • CCGS Samuel Risley (1985–)
  • CCGS Earl Grey (1986–)
• Martha L. Black class
  • CCGS Martha L. Black (1986–)
  • CCGS George R. Pearkes (1986–)
  • CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier (1986–)
  • CCGS Kopit Hopson 1752 (1986–; ex-Edward Cornwallis)
  • CCGS Sir William Alexander (1987–)
  • CCGS Ann Harvey (1987–)
• CCGS Terry Fox (1991–)
• Interim icebreakers
  • CCGS Captain Molly Kool (2019–; ex-Vidar Viking) ^[7]
  • CCGS Jean Goodwill (2022–; ex-Balder Viking) ^{[7] [8]}
  • CCGS Vincent Massey (2023–; ex-Tor Viking) ^{[7] [8]}
  • CCGS Judy LaMarsh (2023–; ex-Mangystau-2) ^{[9] [10]}
• New icebreakers and icebreaking vessels planned as part of the National Shipbuilding Strategy
  • sixteen multi-purpose vessels ^[11]
  • six medium-sized "program icebreakers" ^[12]
  • two polar icebreakers
    • CCGS Arpatuuq (2030– (planned)) ^[13]
    • CCGS Imnaryuaq (2032– (planned)) ^[13]
  • two modified Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessels ^[14]
    • CCGS Donjek Glacier (2026– (planned); under construction) ^[15]
    • CCGS Sermilik Glacier (2027– (planned); under construction) ^[15]

Royal Canadian Navy

• HMCS Labrador (1954–1961; transferred to Coast Guard)
• Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessel
  • HMCS Harry DeWolf (2021–) ^[16]
  • HMCS Margaret Brooke (2022–) ^[17]
  • HMCS Max Bernays (2024–) ^[18]
  • HMCS William Hall (2024–) ^[19]
  • HMCS Frédérick Rolette (delivered)
  • HMCS Robert Hampton Gray (under construction)

Commercial

• Canmar Kigoriak (1979–2003; sold to Russia)
• Robert LeMeur (1982–1997; sold to China)
• Terry Fox (1983–1991; leased and later sold to the Canadian Coast Guard)
• Arctic Kalvik (1983–2003; sold to Russia)
• Ikaluk (1983–1998; Canmar Ikaluk since 1995; sold to Russia)
• Miscaroo (1983–1998; Canmar Miscaroo since 1995; sold to Russia)
• Arctic Ivik (1985–1997; sold and later converted to survey vessel Geco Snapper)
• Polar S (2000–2022; ex-Njord, ex-Polar Star; broken up)
• Polar Prince (2000–; ex-CCGS Sir Humphrey Gilbert)
• Arcticaborg (2018–2019; transferred to Russia)

China

State Oceanic Administration

Polar Research Institute of China

• Xuě Lóng (雪龙, "Snow Dragon") (1993–)
• Xuě Lóng 2 (雪龙2, "Snow Dragon 2") (2019–) ^[20]

North Sea Branch

• Ji Di (2024–) ^{[21] [22]}

People's Liberation Army Navy

• Type 071 icebreaker
  • Haibing 722 (海冰722, "Sea Ice 722") (1971–2013; in reserve)
  • Haibing 721 (海冰721, "Sea Ice 721") (1973–2013; transferred to the China Coast Guard)
• Type 210 icebreaker
  • Haibing 723 (海冰723, "Sea Ice 723") (1982–2012; transferred to the China Coast Guard)
• Type 272 icebreaker
  • Haibing 722 (海冰722, "Sea Ice 722") (2016–)
  • Haibing 723 (海冰723, "Sea Ice 723") (2016–)

China Coast Guard

• Donghai 519 (东海519, "East China Sea 519") (2013–; ex-Haibing 721)
• Haijing 6401 (海警6401; "China Coast Guard 6401") (2012–; ex-Haibing 723, ex-Haijing 1411)

Sun Yat-sen University

• Zhong Shan Da Xue Ji Di (2021–; ex-Beijing Ocean Leader, ex-Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu, ex-Canmar Ikaluk)

Chinese Academy of Sciences

• Tan Suo San Hao (2024–) ^[23]

Other

• Bin Hai 293 (滨海293, "Coastal 293") (1997–2016; ex-Robert LeMeur; broken up) ^[24]
• Beijing Ocean Leader (2018–2021; ex-Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu, ex-Canmar Ikaluk; sold to Sun Yat-sen University)

Chile

Chilean Navy

• Piloto Pardo (1959–1997; sold to private company) ^[25]
• Almirante Óscar Viel (1995–2019; ex-Norman McLeod Rogers; decommissioned and later sunk as target) ^{[26] [27]}
• Almirante Viel (2024–) ^[28]

Denmark

Danbjørn, Isbjørn and Thorbjørn moored at Frederikshavn

• Bryderen (1884–1947; sold to Poland; broken up in 1960)
• Isbjørn (1923–1965) ^[29]
• Lillebjørn (1926–1968) ^[29]
• Storebjørn (1931–1974; broken up) ^[29]
• Elbjørn (1954–1996; used as a restaurant ship until sold for scrap in 2019) ^[30]
• Danbjørn (1965–2013; sold for scrap in 2023) ^[31]
• Isbjørn (1966–2013; sold for scrap in 2023) ^[31]
• Thorbjørn (1980–2015; sold to private company) ^[32]

Estonia

Estonian Maritime Museum

• Suur Tõll (1922–1940; museum ship in Tallinn since 1987)

Estonian Maritime Administration

• Tarmo (1993–; purchased from Finland)
• EVA 316 (1995–; ex-Lonna; purchased from Finland and converted for icebreaking)

Port of Tallinn

• Karu (1988–2002; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Finland and sold to Russia)
• Botnica (2012–; purchased from Finland)

Finland

See also: ICE Pact

State-owned icebreakers

Steam-powered

Steam-powered icebreakers Tarmo and Jääkarhu

• Murtaja (1890–1958; broken up)
• Sampo (1898–1960; broken up)
• Apu (1899–1959; broken up)
• Tarmo (1907–1970; museum ship in Kotka since 1992)
• Wäinämöinen (1918–1922; handed over to Estonia)
• Ilmarinen (1918–1922; handed over to the Soviet Union)
• Voima (1924–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
• Jääkarhu (1926–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)

Diesel-electric

Six modern Finnish icebreakers docked for the summer season at Katajanokka, Helsinki

• Sisu (1939–1974; transferred to the Finnish Navy)
• Voima (1954–)
• Karhu class
  • Karhu (1958–1986; sold to the Soviet Union)
  • Murtaja (1959–1986; broken up)
  • Sampo (1961–1987; sold to the city of Kemi)
• Tarmo class
  • Tarmo (1963–1993; sold to Estonia)
  • Varma (1968–1994; sold to Latvia)
  • Apu (1970–2006; sold to Russia)
• Hanse (1966–1998; sold to Greece; wrecked off Tunisia)
• Urho class
  • Urho (1975–)
  • Sisu (1976–)
• Otso class
  • Otso (1986–)
  • Kontio (1987–)
• Multipurpose icebreakers
  • Fennica (1993–)
  • Nordica (1994–)
  • Botnica (1998–2012; sold to Estonia)
• Polaris (2016–)
• A new icebreaker is expected to enter service in 2028. ^[33]

Finnish Navy

• Louhi (1975–1986; ex-Sisu; broken up)
• Louhi (2011–)

Alfons Håkans

• Zeus of Finland (1995–; ex-Zeus)
• Thetis (2016–2023; ex-Storm Express, ex-Maersk Shipper, ex-Maersk Placentia, ex-Placentia Bay; sold to Russia) ^[34]

City of Kemi

• Sampo (1987–)

France

French Navy

• L'Astrolabe (2017–) ^[35]

Compagnie du Ponant

• Le Commandant Charcot (2021–) ^[36]

Other

• L'Astrolabe (1988–2017; ex-Austral Fish, ex-Fort Resolution; decommissioned and sold to private company)

Germany

See also: Icebreakers of Germany

Historical

• Elbe (1911–??; museum ship)
• Hindenburg (1916–1918; sunk by mine)
• Stettin (1933–1981; museum ship)
• Wal (1938–1990; museum ship)
• Castor (1941–1945; sunk by mine but later raised by the Soviet Union)
• Eisvogel (1942–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
• Eisbär (1942–1946; handed over to the Soviet Union)
• Pollux (1943–1945; sunk by mine)

Alfred-Wegener-Institut

• Polarstern (1982–)
• New icebreaking polar research vessel is expected to enter service in 2030. ^[37]

Other

• Eisvogel class
  • Eisvogel (1961–2006; sold)
  • Eisbär (1961–1997; sold)
• Max Waldeck (1966–2006; broken up; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1981)
• Stephan Jantzen (1967–2005; museum ship) ^[38]
• Neuwerk (1997–)
• Arkona (2004–)

Italy

• Laura Bassi (2019–) ^[39]

Japan

Imperial Japanese Navy

• Ōtomari (1921–1945)

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force

• Fuji (1965–1985; museum ship)
• Shirase (1981–2008; sold to private company)
• Shirase (2008–)

Japan Coast Guard

• Sōya (PL107) (1938–1978; museum ship)
• Sōya (PHL01) (1978–)
• Teshio (PM 15) (1995–)

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

• Mirai II (2027– (planned); under construction) ^{[40] [41]}

Kazakhstan

The following icebreaking supply ships are operating or have operated in the Kazakh Caspian Sea oil fields:

• Arcticaborg (1998–2018; transferred to Canada)
• Antarcticaborg (1998–2019; sold to Russia)
• Tulpar (2002–)
• Mangystau-class icebreaking tugs
  • Mangystau-1 (2010–2023; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
  • Mangystau-2 (2010–2020; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
  • Mangystau-3 (2011–)
  • Mangystau-4 (2011–)
  • Mangystau-5 (2011–)

Kazakhstani Coast Guard

• Kazhymukan (2016–)

Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Kazakhstan

• Ledokol-2 (1984–)

Latvia

• Krišjānis Valdemārs (1925–1941; sunk)
• Varma (1994–) ^[42]
• Foros (2013–2024; ex-Fobos; sold to private company) ^{[43] [44]}

Netherlands

Greenpeace

• Arctic Sunrise (1995–)

Other

• Nabil (completed but not delivered to Russia due to sanctions) ^[45]

Norway

• NoCGV Svalbard (2001–)
• Kronprins Haakon (2018–)
• Polar Circle (2022–2024; sold to Sweden) ^[46]

Poland

• Kuna (1884–; oldest in service river icebreaker in the world)
• Perkun (1963–1993; broken up)

Russia

Icebreakers

The following lists include icebreakers owned and/or operated by either governmental or commercial entities.

Nuclear-powered icebreakers

Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker Yamal

• Lenin (1959–1989; museum ship in Murmansk)
• Arktika class
  • Arktika (1975–2008; ex-Leonid Brezhnev, ex-Arktika; decommissioned) ^[47]
  • Sibir (1977–1992; decommissioned) ^[47]
  • Rossiya (1985–2013; decommissioned) ^{[47] [48]}
  • Sovetskiy Soyuz (1990–2014; decommissioned) ^{[49] [50]}
  • Yamal (1992–)
  • 50 Let Pobedy (2007–)
• Taymyr class
  • Taymyr (1989–)
  • Vaygach (1990–)
• Project 22220
  • Arktika (2020–) ^[51]
  • Sibir (2021–) ^[52]
  • Ural (2022–) ^[53]
  • Yakutiya (2024–) ^[54]
  • Chukotka (2026– (planned); under construction) ^[55]
  • Leningrad (2028– (planned); under construction) ^[56]
  • Stalingrad (2030– (planned); ordered) ^[57]
• Project 10510
  • Rossiya (2030– (planned); under construction) ^[58]

Diesel-powered icebreakers

Icebreaker Kapitan Khlebnikov in Vladivostok

• Wind class
  • Severny Veter (1944–1951; ex-USCGC Staten Island; returned to the United States)
  • Severniy Polyus (1945–1951; ex-USS Westwind; returned to the United States)
  • Admiral Makarov (1945–1949; ex-USCGC Southwind; returned to the United States)
• Kapitan Belousov class
  • Kapitan Belousov (1954–1991; sold to Ukraine) ^[59]
  • Kapitan Voronin (1955–1996; broken up) ^[60]
  • Kapitan Melekhov (1956–1994; broken up) ^[61]
• Moskva class
  • Moskva (1959–1998; broken up) ^[62]
  • Leningrad (1960–1993; broken up) ^[63]
  • Kiev (1965–1993; broken up) ^[64]
  • Murmansk (1968–1995; broken up) ^[65]
  • Vladivostok (1969–1997; broken up) ^[66]
• Civilian variants of Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97A)
  • Vasiliy Pronchishchev (1961–1989; ex-Ledokol-1; broken up) ^[67]
  • Afanasy Nikitin (1962–1992; ex-Ledokol-2; passed over to Ukraine) ^[68]
  • Khariton Laptev (1962–1996; ex-Ledokol-3; broken up) ^[69]
  • Vasiliy Poyarkov (1963–1988; ex-Ledokol-4; broken up) ^[70]
  • Yerofey Khabarov (1963–1993; ex-Ledokol-5; broken up) ^[71]
  • Ivan Kruzenstern (1964–; ex-Ledokol-6) ^[72]
  • Vladimir Rusanov (1964–1988; ex-Ledokol-7; broken up) ^[73]
  • Semyon Chelyuskin (1965–1988; ex-Ledokol-8; broken up) ^[74]
  • Yuriy Lisyanskiy (1965–2021; ex-Ledokol-9; to be broken up) ^[75]
  • Fyodor Litke (1970–2013; broken up) ^[76]
  • Ivan Moskvitin (1971–1997; broken up) ^[77]
  • Semyon Dezhnev (1971–) ^[78]
• Ermak class
  • Ermak (1974–2021; broken up) ^[79]
  • Admiral Makarov (1975–)
  • Krasin (1976–)
• Kapitan M. Izmaylov class
  • Kapitan M. Izmaylov (1976–)
  • Kapitan Kosolapov (1976–)
  • Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1976–1992; transferred to Azerbaijan)
• Kapitan Sorokin class
  • Kapitan Sorokin (1977–; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1991)
  • Kapitan Nikolaev (1978–; rebuilt in 1990)
  • Kapitan Dranitsyn (1980–)
  • Kapitan Khlebnikov (1981–)
• Kapitan Chechkin class
  • Kapitan Chechkin (1977–)
  • Kapitan Plakhin (1977–)
  • Kapitan Chadaev (1978–)
  • Kapitan Krutov (1978–)
  • Kapitan Bukaev (1978–)
  • Kapitan Zarubin (1978–)
• Mudyug class
  • Mudyug (1982–; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1986)
  • Magadan (1982–)
  • Dikson (1983–)
• Kapitan Evdokimov class
  • Kapitan Evdokimov (1983–)
  • Kapitan Babichev (1983–)
  • Kapitan Chudinov (1983–)
  • Kapitan Borodkin (1983–)
  • Avraamiy Zavenyagin (1984–)
  • Kapitan Mecaik (1984–)
  • Kapitan Deminov (1984–)
  • Kapitan Moshkin (1986–)
• Tor (2000–; purchased from Sweden) ^[80]
• Karu (2002–2020; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Estonia; broken up)
• Dudinka (2006–; ex-Apu; purchased from Finland)
• Project 21900
  • Moskva (2008–)
  • Sankt-Peterburg (2009–)
• Project 21900M
  • Vladivostok (2015–)
  • Murmansk (2015–) ^[81]
  • Novorossiysk (2016–) ^[82]
• Ob (2019–) ^[83]
• Georgiy Sedov (2019–; ex-Antarcticaborg; purchased from Kazakhstan)
• Viktor Chernomyrdin (2020–) ^[84]
• Project 21900M2
  • Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (construction stopped as of 2021) ^[85]
  • Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (2028– (current estimate); under construction) ^[86]
• Project 23620
  • Unnamed Project 23620 icebreaker (2024– (original plan); ordered) ^{[87] [88]}
  • Unnamed Project 23620 icebreaker (2024– (original plan); ordered) ^[87]
• Project 22740M
  • Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction) ^[89]
  • Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction) ^[90]

Steam-powered icebreakers

Steam-powered icebreaker Yermak

• Pilot (1864–1890; broken up?)
• Ledokol 1 (1890–1915; later converted to a gunboat) ^{[91] [92] [93]}
• Ledokol 2 (1895–1923; hander over to Latvia) ^[91]
• Saratovskiy Ledokol (1895–1968; sunk) ^[94]
• Nadeshnyy (1897–1924; later converted to a gunboat) ^[91]
• Yermak (1899–1963; broken up)
• Gaydamak (1898–1930; broken up) ^[91]
• Ledokol 3 (1899–1923; broken up) ^{[91] [95]}
• Ledokol IV (1907–1942; sunk by Germans) ^[91]
• A. Sibiryakov (1909–1942; sunk by Germans)
• Vaygach (1909–1918; sank in 1918)
• Taymyr (1909–1950s?; broken up)
• Silatch (1910–1918, 1922–late 1950s; broken up)
• Malygin (1912–1940; sunk in 1940)
• Volynets (1914–1918, 1940–1985; ex-Tsar' Mikhail Fyodorovich, ex-Wäinämöinen, ex-Suur Tõll; sold to Estonia in 1987)
• Fyodor Litke (1914–1958; ex-CGC Earl Grey; broken up)
• Georgiy Sedov (1915–1967; ex-Beothic (1909–1915); broken up)
• Sadko (1915–1941; ex-Lintrose (1912–1915); sank in 1941)
• Mikula Seleaninovich (1916–1918) ^[91]
• Ledokol V (1916–1941; sank in 1941) ^[96]
• Ledokol VI (1916–1961; broken up) ^[97]
• Ledokol VII (1916–1954; broken up) ^[98]
• Ledokol VIII (1917–1961; broken up) ^[99]
• Ledokol IX (1917–1932; sank in White Sea) ^[100]
• Krasin (1917–1971; extensively rebuilt in 1953–1960, now a museum ship in St. Petersburg)
• Lenin (1917–1968; broken up)
• Stepan Makarov (1917–1941; sunk)
• Toros (1929–1964) ^[91]
• Sibir (1938–1973; ex-I. Stalin (−1961); broken up)
• Admiral Lazarev (1938–1967; ex-L. Kaganovich (−1951); broken up)
• Admiral Makarov (1941–1967; ex-V. Molotov (−1956); broken up)
• A. Mikoyan (1941–1968; broken up)
• Malygin (1945–1970; ex-Voima; broken up)
• Sibiryakov (1945–1972; ex-Jääkarhu; broken up)
• Alyosha Popovich (1945–1970; ex-Eisvogel; decommissioned and abandoned off Russky Island)
• Ilya Muromets (1946–1979; ex-Eisbär; broken up in 1981) ^[101]
• Peresvet (1951–1980; ex-Castor; decommissioned and abandoned off Reyneke Island)

Other icebreaking vessels

Rescue and salvage vessels

• Stroptivyy class
  • Stroptivyy (1979–1992; sold to private company and later broken up) ^[102]
  • Spravedlivyy (1980–) ^[103]
  • Stakhanovets (1980–2012; laid up) ^[104]
  • Suvorovets (1980–) ^[105]
  • Sibirskiy (1980–) ^[106]
  • Fobos (1983–2014; sold to Latvia) ^[107]
  • Deimos (1983–2002; sold to private company and later broken up) ^[108]
• Baltika (2014–) ^[109]
• Project MPSV06
  • Beringov Proliv (2015–) ^[110]
  • Murman (2015–) ^[110]
  • Kerchenskiy Proliv (2024– (latest estimate); under construction) ^[111]
• Project MPSV06M
  • Pevek (2026– (current estimate); under construction) ^[112]
  • Anadyr (under construction) ^[113]
• Boris Lavrov (2024– (original plan); under construction) ^[114]

Offshore vessels

The following Russian-owned, -operated and/or -flagged icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels, platform supply vessels, standby vessels etc. are or have been engaged primarily in offshore oil and gas projects:

• Ikaluk (1998–2018; ex-Ikaluk, ex-Canmar Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu; sold to China)
• Smit Sakhalin (1998–2017; ex-Miscaroo, ex-Canmar Miscaroo; broken up)
• Kigoriak (2003–2022; ex-Canmar Kigoriak, ex-Kigoria, ex-Talagy; broken up) ^[115]
• Vladimir Ignatyuk (2003–2018; ex-Arctic Kalvik; laid up) ^[116]
• SCF Sakhalin (2005–)
• SCF Enterprise (2006–; ex-Pacific Enterprise)
• SCF Endeavour (2006–; ex-Pacific Endeavour)
• SCF Endurance (2006–; ex-Pacific Endurance)
• Polar Pevek (2006–2022) ^[117]
• Hermes (2006–; ex-Yury Topchev)
• Antey (2006–; ex-Vladislav Strizhov)
• Toboy (2008–)
• Varandey (2008–)
• Vidar Viking (2012–2016; charter under Russian flag) ^[118]
• Vitus Bering (2012–)
• Aleksey Chirikov (2013–)
• Aleut (2015–) ^[119]
• Pomor (2016–)
• Normann (2016–)
• Gennadiy Nevelskoy (2017–)
• Stepan Makarov (2017–)
• Fedor Ushakov (2017–)
• Yevgeny Primakov (2018–)
• Aleksandr Sannikov (2018–) ^[120]
• Andrey Vilkitskiy (2018–) ^[121]
• Arcticaborg (2019–)
• Katerina Velikaya (under construction) ^[122]
• Svyataya Mariya (under construction) ^[122]
• Aleksandr Nevskiy (under construction) ^[122]
• Vladimir Monomakh (under construction) ^[122]

In addition, the following shallow-draught icebreaking offshore vessels operate in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea oil fields:

• Arctic (2012–) ^[123]
• Antarctic (2017–) ^[123]
• Polar (2021–) ^{[124] [125]}
• Polus (2021–) ^[126]

Patrol and naval vessels

The following icebreakers and other icebreaking vessels are or have been in service with the Russian Navy, Russian Border Guard, and their predecessors:

• Purga (1957–1990) ^[127]
• Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97) and its variants
  • Dobronya Nikitich (1960–1998; broken up) ^[128]
  • Purga (1961–2012; broken up) ^[129]
  • Vyuga (1962–1991; broken up) ^[130]
  • Ilya Muromets (1965–1993; broken up) ^[131]
  • Buran (1966–) ^[132]
  • Sadko (1968–2022; expended as target) ^[133]
  • Peresvet (1970–2011; broken up) ^[134]
  • Ivan Susanin class (Project 97P)
    • Ivan Susanin (1973–) ^[135]
    • Aysberg (1974–2006; broken up) ^[136]
    • Ruslan (1975–) ^[137]
    • Anadyr (1976–2019; ex-Dnepr, ex-Imeni XXV syezda KPSS; broken up) ^[138]
    • Dunay (1977–2017; broken up) ^[139]
    • Neva (1978–) ^[140]
    • Volga (1980–) ^[141]
    • Murmansk (1981–2013; ex-Imeni XXVI syezda KPSS, ex-Irtysh; broken up)
• Ilya Muromets (2017–) ^[142]
• Project 21180M
  • Evpatiy Kolovrat (2024–) ^[143]
  • Svyatogor (2027– (planned); under construction) ^{[144] [145]}
• Project 23550
  • Ivan Papanin (2025– (current estimate); under construction) ^[146]
  • Nikolay Zubov (2024– (original plan); under construction)
  • Purga (2024– (original plan); under construction) ^[147]
  • Dzerzhinsky (under construction) ^[148]

Research and survey vessels

• Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97) variants
  • Pyotr Pakhtusov (1966–1997; ex-Mendeleev, ex-Ledokol-10; broken up) ^[149]
  • Georgiy Sedov (1967–1992; broken up) ^[150]
  • Vladimir Kavrayskiy (1969–2012; used as stationary floating barracks PKZ-86) ^[151]
  • Otto Schmidt (1979–1991; broken up) ^[152]
• Mikhail Somov (1975–) ^[153]
• Akademik Fedorov (1987–) ^[154]
• Akademik Tryoshnikov (2012–) ^[155]
• Ivan Frolov (2028– (planned); under construction) ^[156]

South Africa

• S. A. Agulhas (1977–2012; retired from Antarctic service and used as a training ship)
• S. A. Agulhas II (2012–)

South Korea

• Araon (2009–)
• A new research icebreaker is expected to enter service by 2027 ^[157]

Soviet Union

See Russia

Sweden

Swedish Maritime Administration

Swedish icebreaker Ymer

• Sankt Erik (1915–1977; ex-Isbrytaren II (−1959); museum ship since 1977)
• Atle (1926–1967; ex-Statsisbrytaren (−1931); broken up) ^[158]
• Ymer (1933–1977; broken up) ^[159]
• Thule (1953–1998; broken up) ^[160]
• Oden (1957–1988; broken up) ^[161]
• Tor (1964–2000; sold to Russia) ^[80]
• Njord (1969–2000; sold and renamed Polar Star) ^[162]
• Ale (1973–)
• Atle class
  • Atle (1974–)
  • Frej (1975–)
  • Ymer (1977–)
• Oden (1988–)
• Idun (2024–; purchased from Norway) ^[163]
• New icebreaker is expected to be delivered in 2027 and enter service in 2028 ^[164]

Trans Viking Icebreaking & Offshore

Three icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels were chartered by the Swedish Maritime Administration for escort icebreaking duties in the Baltic Sea until 2015.

• Tor Viking II (2000–2015; as Tor Viking under Norwegian flag until 2003) ^[165]
• Balder Viking (2000–2015)
• Vidar Viking (2001–2012; contract ended prematurely) ^[118]

Turkmenistan

• Mangystau-2 (2020–2021; sold to Canada)
• Mangystau-1 (2023–)

Ukraine

• Afanasy Nikitin (1962–1995; broken up) ^[68]
• Kapitan Belousov (1991–; damaged and later captured by Russians in 2022) ^[59]
• Noosfera (2021–; ex-James Clark Ross; purchased from United Kingdom) ^[166]

United Kingdom

HMS Protector

• HMS Endurance (1990–2008; broken up) ^[167]
• RRS James Clark Ross (1991–2021; sold to Ukraine) ^[168]
• RRS Ernest Shackleton (1995–2019; sold to Italy) ^[169]
• HMS Protector (2011–) ^[170]
• RRS Sir David Attenborough (2020–) ^[171]

United States

See also: ICE Pact

United States Coast Guard

USCGC Polar Star (WAGB-10)

USCGC Healy

• USCGC Storis (WMEC-38) (1942–2007; broken up)
• USCGC Mackinaw (WAGB-83) (1944–2006; museum ship)
• Wind class
  • USCGC Staten Island (WAGB-278) (1944–1974; ex-Severny Veter, ex-Northwind; broken up)
  • USCGC Eastwind (WAGB-279) (1944–1968; broken up in 1976–1977)
  • USCGC Southwind (WAGB-280) (1944–1974; ex-Admiral Makarov, ex-Atka; broken up in 1976)
  • USCGC Westwind (WAGB-281) (1944–1988; ex-Severniy Polyus; broken up)
  • USCGC Northwind (WAGB-282) (1945–1989; broken up in 1999)
  • USCGC Burton Island (WAGB-283) (1946–1978; broken up in 1982)
  • USCGC Edisto (WAGB-284) (1947–1974; broken up in 1980)
• USCGC Glacier (WAGB-4) (1955–1987; broken up in 2012)
• Polar class
  • USCGC Polar Star (WAGB-10) (1977–2006, 2013–)
  • USCGC Polar Sea (WAGB-11) (1978–2010; inactive)
• Bay class
  • USCGC Katmai Bay (WTGB-101) (1979–)
  • USCGC Bristol Bay (WTGB-102) (1979–)
  • USCGC Mobile Bay (WTGB-103) (1979–)
  • USCGC Biscayne Bay (WTGB-104) (1979–)
  • USCGC Neah Bay (WTGB-105) (1980–)
  • USCGC Morro Bay (WTGB-106) (1981–)
  • USCGC Penobscot Bay (WTGB-107) (1985–)
  • USCGC Thunder Bay (WTGB-108) (1986–)
  • USCGC Sturgeon Bay (WTGB-109) (1988–)
• USCGC Healy (WAGB-20) (2000–)
• USCGC Mackinaw (WLBB-30) (2006–)
• Polar Security Cutters
  • USCGC Polar Sentinel (WMSP-21) (2030– (current estimate); ordered) ^[172]
  • Second Polar Security Cutter has been ordered ^{[173] [174]}
  • Third Polar Security Cutter has been authorized ^{[173] [174]}
• USCGC Storis (WAGB-21) (2025–; ex-Aiviq; awaiting commissioning) ^[175]

National Science Foundation

• Nathaniel B. Palmer (1992–) ^[176]
• Laurence M. Gould (1997–) ^[177]
• Sikuliaq (2014–)

Edison Chouest Offshore

• Aiviq (2012–2024; sold to the United States Coast Guard)

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