List of other ornithischian type specimens

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This list of other ornithischian type specimens is a list of fossils serving as the official standard-bearers for inclusion in the species and genera of the dinosaur clade Ornithischia that are not members of the clades Ornithopoda, Marginocephalia, or Thyreophora. These organisms include early ornithischians such as the heterodontosaurids and neornithischians such as thescelosaurids and jeholosaurids, close relatives of the ornithopods and marginocephalians. Type specimens are definitionally members of biological taxa and additional specimens can only be "referred" to these taxa if an expert deems them sufficiently similar to the type.

Contents

The list

SpeciesGenusNicknameCatalogue NumberInstitutionAgeUnitCountryNotesImages
Abrictosaurus consors Abrictosaurus NHMUK RU B54 [1] Natural History Museum, London Upper Triassic [2] Red Beds Formation, Stormberg Series [2] Lesotho [2]
Holotype skull of Abrictosaurus consors Abrictosaurus.jpg
Holotype skull of Abrictosaurus consors
Agilisaurus louderbacki Agilisaurus ZDM T6011 [3] Zigong Dinosaur Museum Bajocian? [3] Lower Shaximiao Formation [3] China [3]
Albertadromeus syntarsus Albertadromeus TMP 2009.037.0044 [4] Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Campanian [4] Oldman Formation [4] Canada [4]
Alocodon kuehnei Alocodon IPFUB P X 1 [5] Oxfordian [5] Cabaços Formation [5] Portugal [5]
Illustration of the holotype tooth of Alocodon kuehnei Alocodon.jpg
Illustration of the holotype tooth of Alocodon kuehnei
Amtosaurus magnus Amtosaurus PIN 3780/2 [6] Paleontological Institute of Russia Cenomanian-Turonian [6] Baynshirenskaya Svita [6] Mongolia [6]
Brachypodosaurus gravis Brachypodosaurus Late Cretaceous [7] India [7] Nomen dubium [8]
Changchunsaurus parvus Changchunsaurus JLUM L0403-j–Zn2 [9] Jilin University Geological Museum Aptian–Cenomanian [9] Quantou Formation [9] China [9]
Claorhynchus trihedrus Claorhynchus United States [10] Nomen dubium
Drinker nisti Drinker CPS 106 [11] University of Colorado Museum of Natural History Late Jurassic [11] Morrison Formation [11] United States [11] Junior synonym of Nanosaurus
Echinodon becklesii Echinodon NHMUK 48209-48214 [12] Natural History Museum, London Lower Cretaceous [12] Purbeck Beds [12] United Kingdom [12] Syntypes [12]
Syntype dentary of Echinodon becklesii Echinodon becklesii dentary.jpg
Syntype dentary of Echinodon becklesii
Eocursor parvus Eocursor SAM-PK-K8025 [13] Iziko South African Museum Norian? [13] Lower Elliot Formation [13] South Africa [13]
Fabrosaurus australis Fabrosaurus MNHN LES9 [14] Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Hettangian-Sinemurian [14] Upper Elliot Formation [14] Lesotho [14] Possibly a nomen dubium and referrable to Lesothosaurus [14]
Ferganocephale adenticulatum Ferganocephale ZIN PH 34/42 [15] Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Callovian [15] Balabansai Svita [15] Kyrgyzstan [15] Possibly a nomen dubium [16]
Fruitadens haagarorum Fruitadens LACM 15747 [17] Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Early Tithonian [17] Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation [17] United States [17]
Holotype maxilla of Fruitadens haagarorum Fruitadens haagarorum.tif
Holotype maxilla of Fruitadens haagarorum
Geranosaurus atavus Geranosaurus SAM-PK-K1871 [1] Iziko South African Museum Lower Jurassic [1] Clarens Formation [1] South Africa [1] Nomen dubium [1]
Illustration of the holotype dentary of Geranosaurus atavus Geranosaurus.png
Illustration of the holotype dentary of Geranosaurus atavus
Gongbusaurus shiyii Gongbusaurus IVPP 9069 [18] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Late Jurassic [18] Xiaximiao Formation [18] China [18]
Gongbusaurus wucaiwanensis Gongbusaurus IVPP V8303 [19] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Late Jurassic [19] Shishugou Formation [19] China [19]
Haya griva Haya IGM 100/2017 [20] Institute of Geology, Mongolia [20] Late Cretaceous [20] Javkhlant Formation [20] Mongolia [20]
Heterodontosaurus tucki Heterodontosaurus SAM-PK-K337 [21] Iziko South African Museum Upper Triassic [22] Clarens Formation [22] South Africa [21]
Hexinlusaurus multidens Hexinlusaurus ZDM T6001 [3] Zigong Dinosaur Museum Bajocian? [3] Lower Shaximiao Formation [3] China [3]
Hypsilophodon foxii Hypsilophodon NHM R197 [23] Natural History Museum, London Late Barremian [23] Wealden Formation [24] United Kingdom [24]
Jeholosaurus shangyaunensis Jeholosaurus IVPP V 12529 [25] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Early Cretaceous [25] Yixian Formation [25] China [25]
Koreanosaurus boseongensis Koreanosaurus KDRC-BB2 [26] Korea Dinosaur Research Center Late Cretaceous [26] Seonso Conglomerate [26] South Korea [26]
Holotype of Koreanosaurus boseongensis Koreanosaurus boseongensis holotype.tif
Holotype of Koreanosaurus boseongensis
Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus Kulindadromeus INREC K3/109 [27] Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Middle-Late Jurassic [27] Ukureyskaya Formation [27] Russia [27]
Laosaurus celer Laosaurus YPM 1874 [12] Peabody Museum of Natural History Upper Jurassic [12] Morrison Formation [12] United States [12] Nomen dubium [28]
Laquintasaura venezuelae Laquintasaura MBLUZ P.1396 [29] Museo de Biología de la Universidad del Zulia Lower Jurassic [29] La Quinta Formation [29] Venezuela [29]
Leaellynasaura amicagraphica Leaellynasaura NMV P185991 [30] Museums Victoria Lower Albian [30] Eumeralla Formation [30] Australia [30]
Holotype dentary of Leaellynasaura amicagraphica Leaellynasaura-amicagraphica-dinosaur-skull-holotype-p-185991-1330043-large.jpg
Holotype dentary of Leaellynasaura amicagraphica
Lesothosaurus diagnosticus Lesothosaurus NHMUK RUB17, RUB23, R11956 [31] Natural History Museum, London Lower Jurassic [31] Upper Elliot Formation [31] Lesotho [31]
Lycorhinus angustidens Lycorhinus SAM-PK-K3606 [1] Iziko South African Museum Lower Jurassic [1] Upper Elliot Formation [1] South Africa [1]
Cast of the holotype of Lycorhinus angustidens Lycorhinus.jpg
Cast of the holotype of Lycorhinus angustidens
Manidens condorensis Manidens MPEF-PV 3211 [32] Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio Aalenian–Early Bathonian [32] Cañadón Asfalto Formation [32] Argentina [32]
Nanosaurus agilis Nanosaurus YPM 1913a [12] Peabody Museum of Natural History Upper Jurassic [12] Morrison Formation [12] United States [12]
Type specimen of Nanosaurus agilis (left) and a cast of the type (right) Nano type.jpg
Type specimen of Nanosaurus agilis (left) and a cast of the type (right)
Nevadadromeus schmitti Nevadadromeus Cenomanian [33] Willow Tank Formation [33] United States [33]
Notoceratops bonarellii Notoceratops Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan [34] Santonian [34] Bajo Barreal Formation [34] Argentina [34] Type specimen is missing [34]
Orodromeus makelai Orodromeus MOR 294 [35] Museum of the Rockies Late Campanian? [35] Two Medicine Formation [35] United States [35]
Holotype skeleton of Orodromeus makelai Orodromeus fossil.jpg
Holotype skeleton of Orodromeus makelai
Oryctodromeus cubicularis Oryctodromeus MOR 1636a [36] Museum of the Rockies Mid-Cretaceous [36] Blackleaf Formation [36] United States [36]
Parksosaurus warreni Parksosaurus ROM 804 [37] Royal Ontario Museum Campanian-Maastrichtian [37] Horseshoe Canyon Formation [37] Canada [37]
Pegomastax africana Pegomastax SAM-PK-K10488 [38] Iziko South African Museum Hettangian-Sinemurian [38] Elliot Formation [38] South Africa [38]
Holotype of Pegomastax africana Pegomastax africana holotype cropped.jpg
Holotype of Pegomastax africana
Peishansaurus philemys Peishansaurus Campanian-Maastrichtian [39] Minhe Formation [39] China [39] Possibly an indeterminate thyreophoran [39]
Sanxiasaurus modaoxiensis Sanxiasaurus CLGPR V00003 [40] Chongqing Laboratory of Geoheritage Protection and Research Middle Jurassic [40] Xintiangou Formation [40] China [40]
Serendipaceratops arthurcclarkei Serendipaceratops NMV P186385 [41] Museums Victoria Early Cretaceous [41] Australia2 [41]
Taveirosaurus costai Taveirosaurus CEGUNL-TV 10 [42] Centro de Estudos Geológicos da Universidade Nova de Lisboa Maastrichtian [42] Portugal [42]
Thescelosaurus assiniboiensis Thescelosaurus RSM P 1225.1 [43] Royal Saskatchewan Museum Maastrichtian [43] Frenchman Formation [43] Canada [43]
Thescelosaurus garbanii Thescelosaurus LACM 33542 [44] Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Maastrichtian [44] Hell Creek Formation [44] United States [44]
Thescelosaurus neglectus Thescelosaurus USNM 7757 [45] National Museum of Natural History Upper Cretaceous [45] Lance Formation [45] United States [45]
Reconstructed holotype skeleton of Thescelosaurus neglectus Thescelosaurus neglectus.jpg
Reconstructed holotype skeleton of Thescelosaurus neglectus
Tianyulong confuciusi Tianyulong STMN 26-3Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Early Cretaceous Jehol Group China
Holotype specimen of Tianyulong confuciusi Tianyulong holotype.jpg
Holotype specimen of Tianyulong confuciusi
Trimucrodon cuneatus Trimucrodon Late Jurassic [46] Lourinhã Formation [46] Portugal [46]
Xiaosaurus dashanpensis Xiaosaurus IVPP V.6730A [3] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Bajocian? [3] Lower Shaximiao Formation [3] China [3]
Yandusaurus hongheensis Yandusaurus GCC V20501 [3] Museum of the Chengdu University of Technology Oxfordian [47] Shaximiao Formation [47] China [47]
Zephyrosaurus schaffi Zephyrosaurus MCZ 4392 [48] Museum of Comparative Zoology Late Aptian [48] United States [48]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ornithischia</span> Extinct clade of dinosaurs

Ornithischia is an extinct clade of mainly herbivorous dinosaurs characterized by a pelvic structure superficially similar to that of birds. The name Ornithischia, or "bird-hipped", reflects this similarity and is derived from the Greek stem ornith- (ὀρνιθ-), meaning "bird", and ischion (ἴσχιον), meaning "hip". However, birds are only distantly related to this group as birds are theropod dinosaurs. Ornithischians with well known anatomical adaptations include the ceratopsians or "horn-faced" dinosaurs, the pachycephalosaurs or "thick-headed" dinosaurs, the armored dinosaurs (Thyreophora) such as stegosaurs and ankylosaurs, and the ornithopods. There is strong evidence that certain groups of ornithischians lived in herds, often segregated by age group, with juveniles forming their own flocks separate from adults. Some were at least partially covered in filamentous pelts, and there is much debate over whether these filaments found in specimens of Tianyulong, Psittacosaurus, and Kulindadromeus may have been primitive feathers.

<i>Lesothosaurus</i> Extinct genus of ornithischian dinosaur

Lesothosaurus is a monospecific genus of ornithischian dinosaur that lived during the Early Jurassic in what is now South Africa and Lesotho. It was named by paleontologist Peter Galton in 1978, the name meaning "lizard from Lesotho". The genus has only one valid species, Lesothosaurus diagnosticus. Lesothosaurus is one of the most completely-known early ornithischians, based on numerous skull and postcranial fossils from the Upper Elliot Formation. It had a simpler tooth and jaw anatomy than later ornithischians, and may have been omnivorous in some parts of the year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pachycephalosauria</span> Extinct clade of dinosaurs

Pachycephalosauria is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs. Along with Ceratopsia, it makes up the clade Marginocephalia. With the exception of two species, most pachycephalosaurs lived during the Late Cretaceous Period, dating between about 85.8 and 66 million years ago. They are exclusive to the Northern Hemisphere, all of them being found in North America and Asia. They were all bipedal, herbivorous/omnivorous animals with thick skulls. Skulls can be domed, flat, or wedge-shaped depending on the species, and are all heavily ossified. The domes were often surrounded by nodes and/or spikes. Partial skeletons have been found of several pachycephalosaur species, but to date no complete skeletons have been discovered. Often isolated skull fragments are the only bones that are found.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypsilophodontidae</span> Extinct family of dinosaurs

Hypsilophodontidae is a traditionally used family of ornithopod dinosaurs, generally considered invalid today. It historically included many small bodied bipedal neornithischian taxa from around the world, and spanning from the Middle Jurassic until the Late Cretaceous. This inclusive status was supported by some phylogenetic analyses from the 1990s and mid 2000s, although there have also been many finding that the family is an unnatural grouping which should only include the type genus, Hypsilophodon, with the other genera being within clades like Thescelosauridae and Elasmaria. A 2014 analysis by Norman recovered a grouping of Hypsilophodon, Rhabdodontidae and Tenontosaurus, which he referred to as Hypsilophodontia. All other analyses from around the same time have instead found these latter taxa to be within Iguanodontia.

<i>Tenontosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Tenontosaurus is a genus of iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur. It had an unusually long, broad tail, which like its back was stiffened with a network of bony tendons.

<i>Changchunsaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Changchunsaurus is an extinct genus of small herbivorous dinosaur from Early Cretaceous deposits of Gongzhuling, Jilin, China. It is the first named dinosaur genus from Jilin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heterodontosauridae</span> Extinct family of dinosaurs

Heterodontosauridae is a family of ornithischian dinosaurs that were likely among the most basal (primitive) members of the group. Their phylogenetic placement is uncertain but they are most commonly found to be primitive, outside of the group Genasauria. Although their fossils are relatively rare and their group small in numbers, they have been found on all continents except Australia and Antarctica, with a range spanning the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dryosauridae</span> Extinct family of dinosaurs

Dryosauridae was a family of primitive iguanodonts, first proposed by Milner & Norman in 1984. They are known from Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rocks of Africa, Europe, and North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eumeralla Formation</span> Geological formation in Victoria, Australia

The Eumeralla Formation is a geological formation in Victoria, Australia whose strata date back to the Early Cretaceous. It is Aptian to Albian in age. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, particularly from the Dinosaur Cove locality.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thescelosauridae</span> Extinct family of dinosaurs

Thescelosauridae is a clade of neornithischians from the Cretaceous of Asia, North America and possibly South America. The group was originally used as a name by Charles M. Sternberg in 1937, but was not formally defined until 2013, where it was used by Brown and colleagues as the group uniting Thescelosaurus and Orodromeus, based on their phylogenetic results. During a phylogenetic revision of neornithischians by Clint Boyd in 2015, the authorship of Thescelosauridae was given to Brown and colleagues, which meant that the similar name Parksosauridae, informally defined in 2002 by Buchholz, would have had priority over Thescelosauridae. The two clades had slightly different definitions, with Parksosauridae referring to all animals closer to Parksosaurus than Hypsilophodon, but they contained the same taxa so Boyd used Parksosauridae under the assumption it had priority. However, in formalizing the clade following the regulations of the PhyloCode, Madzia, Boyd, and colleagues identified in 2021 that Sternberg was the proper authority for Thescelosauridae, giving it priority over Parksosauridae. As well, they gave Thescelosauridae the definition of the largest clade containing Thescelosaurus neglectus but not Iguanodon bernissartensis, as long as Hypsilophodon foxii was not in the group, modifying previous definitions for Thescelosauridae in order to maintain its modern use, so that the clade was not applied if Thescelosaurus fell within Hypsilophodontidae, a family that has not been recently used but may be revived if the systematic position of Hypsilophodon was solidified at some point in the future. Madzia et al. identified the analysis of Madzia et al. in 2018 as the reference analysis for the name Thescelosauridae, an analysis based on a revised version of the 2015 Boyd analysis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeholosauridae</span> Extinct family of dinosaurs

Jeholosauridae was a group of herbivorous neornithischian dinosaurs from the Cretaceous Period. The family was first proposed by Han et al. in 2012. The jeholosaurids were defined as all neornithischians more closely related to Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis than to Hypsilophodon foxii, Iguanodon bernissartensis, Protoceratops andrewsi, Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis, or Thescelosaurus neglectus. The Jeholosauridae includes the type genus Jeholosaurus, and also possibly Yueosaurus, Changchunsaurus, and Haya.

<i>Isaberrysaura</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Isaberrysaura is a genus of stegosaurian ornithischian dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Los Molles Formation of Patagonia, Argentina. The genus contains a single species, I. mollensis, described by Salgado et al. in 2017 from a single specimen. Although initially classified as a basal neornithischian, subsequent analysis has allied it with the Stegosauria; the morphology of its skull resembles those of other members of the group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David C. Evans (paleontologist)</span> Canadian palaeontologist and evolutionary biologist

David Christopher Evans is a Canadian palaeontologist and evolutionary biologist who specializes in the evolution and paleobiology of Cretaceous dinosaurs in western North America. He received his B.Sc. from the University of British Columbia and his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto. He is a fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society (RCGS) and a member of the Royal Society of Canada and currently serves as the Senior Curator and Temerty Chair of Vertebrate Paleontology at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada. He is also a faculty member in the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology at the University of Toronto. Evans is particularly renowned for his work on the paleobiology of hadrosaur ("duck-billed") dinosaurs and has conducted international research on a wide variety of paleontological topics.

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