This is a list of rivers in Bulgaria , organised geographically, taken clockwise from the westernmost tributaries of the Danube drainage. Tributaries are listed down the page in an downstream direction, i.e. the first tributary listed is closest to the source, and tributaries of tributaries are treated similarly. The main stem (or principal) river of a catchment is labelled as (MS), right-bank tributaries are indicated by (R), left-bank tributaries by (L). Note that in general usage, the 'right or left bank of a river' refers to the right or left hand bank, as seen when looking downstream. The list encompasses most of the main rivers of Bulgaria. It includes rivers shared with other countries. There is also a list of rivers over 50 km. The Bulgarian word for river, река (transliteration reka) is often a part of the river names in the country.
There are 540 rivers in Bulgaria. [1] The longest river in Bulgaria is the Danube (2,888 km), which spans most of the country's northern border for a length of 470 km. The longest one to run through the country (and also the deepest) is the Maritsa (480 km), while the longest river that runs solely in Bulgaria is the Iskar (368 km). [2]
The density of rivers is highest in the mountain areas and lowest in Dobrudzha, the Danubian Plain and the Upper Thracian Plain. [1] There are two catchment basins: the Black Sea (57% of the territory and 42% of the rivers) and the Aegean Sea (43% of the territory and 58% of the rivers) basins. [1] [3] The territory of Bulgaria is 110,994 km2, of which 63,270 km2 fall within the Black Sea catchment bason, divided between the Danube (49,950 km2) and Black Sea Coast drainage (13,320 km2), and 47,730 km2 fall within the Aegean Sea basin, divided between the Maritsa (34,166 km2), Mesta (2,767 km2) and Struma (10,797 km2) drainage.
The Balkan Mountains divide Bulgaria into two nearly equal drainage systems. The larger system drains northward to the Black Sea, mainly by way of the Danube. This system includes the entire Danubian Plain and a stretch of land running 48–80 km inland from the coastline in the south. The Danube gets slightly more than 4% of its total volume from its Bulgarian tributaries. As it flows along the northern border, the Danube averages 1.6 to 2.4 km in width. The river's highest water levels usually occur during the May floods; it is frozen over an average of 40 days per year. The longest river located entirely in Bulgarian territory, the Iskar, with a length of 368 km and a catchment area of 8,640 km2, is the only Bulgarian Danubian tributary that does not rise in the Balkan Mountains. Instead, the Iskar has its origin in the Rila Mountains. It passes through Sofia's eastern suburbs and crosses the Balkan Mountains through a spectacular 65 km–long gorge. [1] Other important tributaries of the Danube include the rivers Lom, Ogosta, Vit, Osam and Yantra. [1] [3] The longest river flowing directly to the Black Sea is the Kamchiya (254 km), while other rivers include the Batova, Provadiya, Aheloy, Ropotamo, Veleka and Rezovo. [4]
The Aegean Sea catchment basin drains the Thracian Plain and most of the higher lands to the south and southwest. Several major rivers flow directly to the Aegean Sea. Many of their tributaries fall swiftly from the mountains and have cut deep, scenic gorges. The 480 km–long Maritsa (of them 321 km in Bulgaria) and its tributaries drain all of the western Thracian Plain, all of Sredna Gora, the southern slopes of the Balkan Mountains, and the northern slopes of the eastern Rhodopes. After it leaves Bulgaria, the Maritsa forms most of the Greco-Turkish border. [4] Maritsa's major tributaries are the Tundzha, Arda, Topolnitsa, Vacha, etc. The other Bulgarian rivers flowing directly to the Aegean are the Struma and the Mesta. [3] [4]
No. | Image | River | Length | Length in Bulgaria | Basin | Annual flow | Map |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Danube | 2,852 km (1,772 mi) | 470 km (290 mi) | 802,266 km2 (309,757 sq mi) | 6,500 m3/s (230,000 cu ft/s) | ||
2 | Maritsa | 472 km (293 mi) | 322 km (200 mi) | 53,000 km2 (20,000 sq mi) | 234 m3/s (8,300 cu ft/s) | ||
3 | Struma | 415 km (258 mi) | 290 km (180 mi) | 17,300 km2 (6,700 sq mi) | 76.2 m3/s (2,690 cu ft/s) | ||
4 | Tundzha | 390 km (240 mi) | 350 km (220 mi) | 8,429 km2 (3,254 sq mi) | 39.7 m3/s (1,400 cu ft/s) | ||
5 | Iskar | 368 km (229 mi) | 368 km (229 mi) | 8,646 km2 (3,338 sq mi) | 54.5 m3/s (1,920 cu ft/s) | ||
6 | Osam | 314 km (195 mi) | 314 km (195 mi) | 2,824 km2 (1,090 sq mi) | 12.6 m3/s (440 cu ft/s) | ||
7 | Yantra | 285 km (177 mi) | 285 km (177 mi) | 7,862 km2 (3,036 sq mi) | 18.1 m3/s (640 cu ft/s) | ||
8 | Arda | 272 km (169 mi) | 241 km (150 mi) | 5,795 km2 (2,237 sq mi) | 77 m3/s (2,700 cu ft/s) | ||
9 | Mesta | 246 km (153 mi) | 126 km (78 mi) | 3,447 km2 (1,331 sq mi) | 29.85 m3/s (1,054 cu ft/s) | ||
10 | Kamchiya | 245 km (152 mi) | 245 km (152 mi) | 5,358 km2 (2,069 sq mi) | 27.7 m3/s (980 cu ft/s) | ||
11 | Nišava | 218 km (135 mi) | 40 km (25 mi) | 3,950 km2 (1,530 sq mi) | 36 m3/s (1,300 cu ft/s) | ||
12 | Timok | 202 km (126 mi) | 15 km (9.3 mi) | 4,630 km2 (1,790 sq mi) | 40 m3/s (1,400 cu ft/s) | ||
13 | Luda Kamchiya | 202 km (126 mi) | 202 km (126 mi) | 1,612 km2 (622 sq mi) | 11.4 m3/s (400 cu ft/s) | ||
14 | Vit | 189 km (117 mi) | 189 km (117 mi) | 3,225 km2 (1,245 sq mi) | 14 m3/s (490 cu ft/s) | ||
15 | Rositsa | 164 km (102 mi) | 164 km (102 mi) | 2,260 km2 (870 sq mi) | 10.6 m3/s (370 cu ft/s) | ||
16 | Topolnitsa | 155 km (96 mi) | 155 km (96 mi) | 1,789 km2 (691 sq mi) | 10 m3/s (350 cu ft/s) | ||
17 | Beli Lom | 147 km (91 mi) | 147 km (91 mi) | 1,549 km2 (598 sq mi) | 2.09 m3/s (74 cu ft/s) | ||
18 | Veleka | 147 km (91 mi) | 123 km (76 mi) | 995 km2 (384 sq mi) | 9.41 m3/s (332 cu ft/s) | ||
19 | Sazliyka | 145 km (90 mi) | 145 km (90 mi) | 3,239 km2 (1,251 sq mi) | 18 m3/s (640 cu ft/s) | ||
20 | Ogosta | 141 km (88 mi) | 141 km (88 mi) | 3,157 km2 (1,219 sq mi) | 25.4 m3/s (900 cu ft/s) | ||
21 | Skat | 144 km (89 mi) | 144 km (89 mi) | 1,074 km2 (415 sq mi) | 1.7 m3/s (60 cu ft/s) | ||
22 | Cherni Lom | 130 km (81 mi) | 130 km (81 mi) | 1,286 km2 (497 sq mi) | |||
23 | Suha reka | 126 km (78 mi) | 100 km (62 mi) | 2,404 km2 (928 sq mi) | 0.69 m3/s (24 cu ft/s) | ||
24 | Provadiyska reka | 119 km (74 mi) | 119 km (74 mi) | 2,132 km2 (823 sq mi) | 2.4 m3/s (85 cu ft/s) | ||
25 | Strumeshnitsa | 114 km (71 mi) | 33 km (21 mi) | 1,900 km2 (730 sq mi) | 12.5 m3/s (440 cu ft/s) | ||
26 | Vacha | 112 km (70 mi) | 112 km (70 mi) | 1,645 km2 (635 sq mi) | 22 m3/s (780 cu ft/s) | ||
27 | Rezovska reka | 112 km (70 mi) | 70 km (43 mi) | 738 km2 (285 sq mi) | |||
28 | Kanagyol | 110 km (68 mi) | 100 km (62 mi) | 1,745 km2 (674 sq mi) | 0.09 m3/s (3.2 cu ft/s) | ||
29 | Stryama | 110 km (68 mi) | 110 km (68 mi) | 1,394 km2 (538 sq mi) | 8.56 m3/s (302 cu ft/s) | ||
30 | Dospat | 110 km (68 mi) | 96 km (60 mi) | 634 km2 (245 sq mi) | 5.21 m3/s (184 cu ft/s) | ||
31 | Tsaratsar | 110 km (68 mi) | 110 km (68 mi) | 1,062 km2 (410 sq mi) | 0.06 m3/s (2.1 cu ft/s) | ||
32 | Luda reka | 100 km (62 mi) | 20 km (12 mi) | 1,618 km2 (625 sq mi) | |||
33 | Varbitsa | 98 km (61 mi) | 98 km (61 mi) | 1,203 km2 (464 sq mi) | 22.6 m3/s (800 cu ft/s) | ||
34 | Lom | 93 km (58 mi) | 93 km (58 mi) | 1,240 km2 (480 sq mi) | 7.39 m3/s (261 cu ft/s) | ||
35 | Stara reka | 92 km (57 mi) | 92 km (57 mi) | 2,458 km2 (949 sq mi) | 15.8 m3/s (560 cu ft/s) | ||
36 | Harmanliyska reka | 92 km (57 mi) | 92 km (57 mi) | 956 km2 (369 sq mi) | 5.47 m3/s (193 cu ft/s) | ||
37 | Harsovska reka | 91 km (57 mi) | 91 km (57 mi) | 1,096 km2 (423 sq mi) | |||
38 | Senkovets | 91 km (57 mi) | 91 km (57 mi) | 553 km2 (214 sq mi) | 1.7 m3/s (60 cu ft/s) | ||
39 | Topchiyska reka | 89 km (55 mi) | 89 km (55 mi) | 660 km2 (250 sq mi) | |||
40 | Tsibritsa | 88 km (55 mi) | 88 km (55 mi) | 934 km2 (361 sq mi) | 2.5 m3/s (88 cu ft/s) | ||
41 | Fakiyska reka | 87 km (54 mi) | 87 km (54 mi) | 641 km2 (247 sq mi) | 4.84 m3/s (171 cu ft/s) | ||
42 | Mochuritsa | 86 km (53 mi) | 86 km (53 mi) | 1,278 km2 (493 sq mi) | 2.7 m3/s (95 cu ft/s) | ||
43 | Chepelarska reka | 86 km (53 mi) | 86 km (53 mi) | 1,010 km2 (390 sq mi) | 12 m3/s (420 cu ft/s) | ||
44 | Malki Iskar | 85 km (53 mi) | 85 km (53 mi) | 1,284 km2 (496 sq mi) | 9.1 m3/s (320 cu ft/s) | ||
45 | Chepinska reka | 83 km (52 mi) | 83 km (52 mi) | 900 km2 (350 sq mi) | 7.93 m3/s (280 cu ft/s) | ||
46 | Golyama reka | 74 km (46 mi) | 74 km (46 mi) | 864 km2 (334 sq mi) | |||
47 | Luda Yana | 74 km (46 mi) | 74 km (46 mi) | 674 km2 (260 sq mi) | 3.6 m3/s (130 cu ft/s) | ||
48 | Erma | 74 km (46 mi) | 25 km (16 mi) | 2.4 m3/s (85 cu ft/s) | |||
49 | Pyasachnik | 72 km (45 mi) | 72 km (45 mi) | 663 km2 (256 sq mi) | 2.3 m3/s (81 cu ft/s) | ||
50 | Ovcharitsa | 72 km (45 mi) | 72 km (45 mi) | 636 km2 (246 sq mi) | |||
51 | Kalnitsa | 72 km (45 mi) | 72 km (45 mi) | 577 km2 (223 sq mi) | 1.65 m3/s (58 cu ft/s) | ||
52 | Popovska reka | 72 km (45 mi) | 72 km (45 mi) | 0.9 km2 (0.35 sq mi) | 533 m3/s (18,800 cu ft/s) | ||
53 | Visochitsa | 71 km (44 mi) | 17 km (11 mi) | 820 km2 (320 sq mi) | 0.15 km2 (0.058 sq mi) | ||
54 | Veselina | 70 km (43 mi) | 70 km (43 mi) | 882 km2 (341 sq mi) | 2.3 m3/s (81 cu ft/s) | ||
55 | Dragovishtitsa | 70 km (43 mi) | 25 km (16 mi) | 867 km2 (335 sq mi) | 8.9 m3/s (310 cu ft/s) | ||
56 | Byala reka | 70 km (43 mi) | 70 km (43 mi) | 594 km2 (229 sq mi) | 7.53 m3/s (266 cu ft/s) | ||
57 | Gospodarevska reka | 70 km (43 mi) | 70 km (43 mi) | 422 km2 (163 sq mi) | |||
58 | Dobrichka reka | 70 km (43 mi) | 70 km (43 mi) | ||||
59 | Sredetska reka | 69 km (43 mi) | 69 km (43 mi) | 985 km2 (380 sq mi) | 2.8 m3/s (99 cu ft/s) | ||
60 | Botunya | 69 km (43 mi) | 69 km (43 mi) | 732 km2 (283 sq mi) | 3.9 m3/s (140 cu ft/s) | ||
61 | Vrana | 68 km (42 mi) | 68 km (42 mi) | 938 km2 (362 sq mi) | 2.74 m3/s (97 cu ft/s) | ||
62 | Topolovets | 68 km (42 mi) | 68 km (42 mi) | 583 km2 (225 sq mi) | 1.23 m3/s (43 cu ft/s) | ||
63 | Vidima | 68 km (42 mi) | 68 km (42 mi) | 554 km2 (214 sq mi) | 5.6 m3/s (200 cu ft/s) | ||
64 | Karamandere | 66 km (41 mi) | 66 km (41 mi) | 629 km2 (243 sq mi) | |||
65 | Lesnovska reka | 65 km (40 mi) | 65 km (40 mi) | 1,096 km2 (423 sq mi) | 4.7 m3/s (170 cu ft/s) | ||
66 | Rusokastrenska reka | 65 km (40 mi) | 65 km (40 mi) | 525 km2 (203 sq mi) | |||
67 | Vidbol | 62 km (39 mi) | 62 km (39 mi) | 330 km2 (130 sq mi) | 0.8 m3/s (28 cu ft/s) | ||
68 | Mativir | 61 km (38 mi) | 61 km (38 mi) | 412 km2 (159 sq mi) | 1.5 m3/s (53 cu ft/s) | ||
69 | Stara reka | 61 km (38 mi) | 61 km (38 mi) | 350 km2 (140 sq mi) | 2.74 m3/s (97 cu ft/s) | ||
70 | Sokolitsa | 61 km (38 mi) | 61 km (38 mi) | 343 km2 (132 sq mi) | |||
71 | Archar | 59 km (37 mi) | 59 km (37 mi) | 365 km2 (141 sq mi) | 1.5 m3/s (53 cu ft/s) | ||
72 | Eleshnitsa | 59 km (37 mi) | 59 km (37 mi) | 385 km2 (149 sq mi) | 3.77 m3/s (133 cu ft/s) | ||
73 | Dryanovska reka | 59 km (37 mi) | 59 km (37 mi) | 336 km2 (130 sq mi) | 2.06 m3/s (73 cu ft/s) | ||
74 | Krumovitsa | 58 km (36 mi) | 58 km (36 mi) | 671 km2 (259 sq mi) | 9.34 m3/s (330 cu ft/s) | ||
75 | Omurovska reka | 58 km (36 mi) | 58 km (36 mi) | 305 km2 (118 sq mi) | 0.85 m3/s (30 cu ft/s) | ||
76 | Belitsa | 57 km (35 mi) | 57 km (35 mi) | 740 km2 (290 sq mi) | 2.2 m3/s (78 cu ft/s) | ||
77 | Baniski Lom | 57 km (35 mi) | 57 km (35 mi) | 581 km2 (224 sq mi) | 1.58 m3/s (56 cu ft/s) | ||
78 | Devinska reka | 57 km (35 mi) | 57 km (35 mi) | 427 km2 (165 sq mi) | 5 m3/s (180 cu ft/s) | ||
79 | Malki Lom | 57 km (35 mi) | 57 km (35 mi) | 338 km2 (131 sq mi) | |||
80 | Zlatarishka reka | 57 km (35 mi) | 57 km (35 mi) | 187 km2 (72 sq mi) | |||
81 | Potoka | 56 km (35 mi) | 56 km (35 mi) | 423 km2 (163 sq mi) | |||
82 | Martinka | 55 km (34 mi) | 55 km (34 mi) | 395 km2 (153 sq mi) | |||
83 | Hadzhiyska reka | 55 km (34 mi) | 55 km (34 mi) | 356 km2 (137 sq mi) | 0.64 m3/s (23 cu ft/s) | ||
84 | Voynishka reka | 55 km (34 mi) | 55 km (34 mi) | 276 km2 (107 sq mi) | 0.91 m3/s (32 cu ft/s) | ||
85 | Blatnitsa | 54 km (34 mi) | 54 km (34 mi) | 656 km2 (253 sq mi) | |||
86 | Pirinska Bistritsa | 53 km (33 mi) | 53 km (33 mi) | 507 km2 (196 sq mi) | 3.35 m3/s (118 cu ft/s) | ||
87 | Brezovska reka | 53 km (33 mi) | 53 km (33 mi) | 237 km2 (92 sq mi) | |||
88 | Dvoynitsa | 52 km (32 mi) | 52 km (32 mi) | 479 km2 (185 sq mi) | 7 m3/s (250 cu ft/s) | ||
89 | Rilska River | 51 km (32 mi) | 51 km (32 mi) | 393 km2 (152 sq mi) | 6.26 m3/s (221 cu ft/s) | ||
90 | Sovolyanska Bistritsa | 51 km (32 mi) | 51 km (32 mi) | 300 km2 (120 sq mi) | 2.29 m3/s (81 cu ft/s) | ||
91 | Treklyanska reka | 50 km (31 mi) | 50 km (31 mi) | ||||
92 | Rusenski Lom | 50 km (31 mi) | 50 km (31 mi) | 2,874 km2 (1,110 sq mi) | 5.6 m3/s (200 cu ft/s) | ||
93 | Sinapovska reka | 50 km (31 mi) | 50 km (31 mi) | 871 km2 (336 sq mi) | 1.3 m3/s (46 cu ft/s) | ||
94 | Zlatna Panega | 50 km (31 mi) | 50 km (31 mi) | 350 km2 (140 sq mi) | 4 m3/s (140 cu ft/s) | ||
95 | Lebnitsa | 50 km (31 mi) | 42 km (26 mi) | 318 km2 (123 sq mi) | 2.64 m3/s (93 cu ft/s) |
Bulgaria is a country situated in Southeast Europe that occupies the eastern quarter of the Balkan peninsula, being the largest country within its geographic boundaries. It borders Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. The northern border with Romania follows the river Danube until the city of Silistra. The land area of Bulgaria is 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), slightly larger than that of Cuba, Iceland or the U.S. state of Tennessee. Considering its relatively compact territorial size and shape, Bulgaria has a great variety of topographical features. Even within small parts of the country, the land may be divided into plains, plateaus, hills, mountains, basins, gorges, and deep river valleys. The geographic center of Bulgaria is located in Uzana.
Rila is the highest mountain range of Bulgaria, the Balkan Peninsula, and Southeast Europe. It is situated in southwestern Bulgaria and forms part of the Rila–Rhodope Massif. The highest summit is Musala at an elevation of 2,925 m which makes Rila the sixth highest mountain range in Europe after the Caucasus, the Alps, Sierra Nevada, the Pyrenees and Mount Etna, and the highest one between the Alps and the Caucasus. It spans a territory of 2,629 km2 with an average elevation of 1487 m. The mountain is believed to have been named after the river of the same name, which comes from the Old Bulgarian verb "рыти" meaning "to grub".
The Vit is a river in northern Bulgaria, a right tributary of the Danube. Its length including the main stem Beli (White) Vit is 189 km, while the river proper, formed by the confluence of the Beli and Cherni (Black) Vit is 153 km. Vit Ice Piedmont in Antarctica is named after the river. The fish species Vit sculpin of the genus Cottus is endemic to the Vit.
The Yantra is a river in northern Bulgaria, a right tributary of the Danube. Reaching a length of 285 km, it is the seventh longest river in Bulgaria and the third longest Bulgarian tributary of the Danube. In the middle and lower course, the Yantra takes many turns forming numerous gorges. It has a high sinuosity index of 3.1, which is characteristic for meandering rivers. Its catchment spans a territory of 7,862 km2 and has a small mean slope value 4.6‰ with a mean altitude of 470 m.
The Osam is a river in northern Bulgaria, a right tributary of the Danube. Its length including the main stem Cherni (Black) Osam is 314 km, making it the fifth longest river in Bulgaria. The river proper, formed by the confluence of the Cherni and Beli (White) Osam, is 278 km.
The Iskar is a right tributary of the Danube. With a length of 368 km, it is the longest river that runs entirely within Bulgaria. Originating as three forks in Balkan's highest mountain range Rila, the Iskar flows in a northern direction until its confluence with the Danube. As it flows northwards it fuels the largest artificial lake in the country, the Iskar Reservoir, forms the divide between the Vitosha and Plana Mountains in the west and the Sredna Gora mountain range in the east before entering the Sofia Valley, which contains the nation's capital Sofia. From there the Iskar runs through the Balkan Mountains, forming the spectacular 84 km long Iskar Gorge. As it crosses the mountains, its water course turns in a north-eastern direction at Lakatnik. North of the Balkan Mountains, the river crosses the Danubian Plain and finally flows into the Danube between the villages of Baykal and Gigen. Geologically, Iskar is the oldest river in the Balkan Peninsula.
Sredna Gora is a mountain range in central Bulgaria, situated south of and parallel to the Balkan Mountains and extending from the river Iskar to the west and the elbow of river Tundzha north of the city of Yambol to the east. Sredna Gora is 285 km long, reaching 50 km at its greatest width. Its highest peak is Golyam Bogdan at 1,604 m (5,262 ft). It is part of the Srednogorie mountain chain system, which extends longitudinally across the most country from west to east, between the Balkan Mountains and the Sub-Balkan valleys to the north and the Kraishte, Rila and the Upper Thracian Plain to the south.
The Stryama is a river in southern Bulgaria, an important left tributary of the Maritsa. It originates in the Balkan Mountains. The river is 110 kilometres in length and is the sixth longest in the Maritsa drainage, following the Tundzha (390 km), the Arda (290 km), the Ergene (281 km), the Topolnitsa (155 km) and the Sazliyka (145 km).
The Rusenski Lom is a river in northeastern Bulgaria, the last major right tributary of the Danube. It is formed by the rivers Beli Lom and Cherni Lom, the former taking its source south of Razgrad and the latter southeast of Popovo.
The Vacha is a river in southern Bulgaria, a right tributary of the river Maritsa. The 112 km long Vacha is the 23rd longest river of Bulgaria and the second longest in the Rhodope Mountains, following the Arda (272 km), another major Maritsa tributary. The Vacha drains significant area of the western Rhodope Mountains, including the ridges Batak Mountain, Veliyshko–Videnishki, Pereliksko–Prespanski and Chernatitsa.
The Danubian Plain constitutes the northern part of Bulgaria, situated north of the Balkan Mountains and south of the Danube. Its western border is the Timok River, and to the east it borders the Black Sea. The plain has an area of 31,523 square kilometres (12,171 sq mi). It is about 500 kilometres (310 mi) long and 20 to 120 kilometres wide.
Golyam Rezen is a peak on Vitosha Mountain in Bulgaria. Rising to 2,277 m, the peak is second to the mountain's summit Cherni Vrah situated 900 m to the west. Golyam Rezen hosts an Air Traffic Services facility, as well as military communications installations. The precipitous east slopes of the peak are a popular rock climbing site, overlooking Bistritsa River Valley in Bistrishko Branishte Biosphere Reserve.
Skoparnik is the third highest peak of Vitosha Mountain in Bulgaria. Rising to 2,226 m, the peak is situated 1.5 km south of Golyam Rezen Peak (2,277 m), and 2 km southeast of the summit Cherni Vrah (2,290 m). The peak is bounded by the Bistrishko Branishte Biosphere Reserve to the east, and a prohibited drinking water catchment area to the west, and is part of the divide between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, with the Vitoshka Bistritsa draining its eastern slopes to flow into the Iskar River and eventually to the Danube River, and the Struma River draining the western slopes to flow into the Aegean Sea.
Republican Road II-11 is a second-class road in northern Bulgaria spanning half of the Danube border with Romania in the Danubian Plain, running in general direction west–east through the territory of Vidin, Montana, Vratsa and Pleven Provinces. Its length is 213.3 km.
The Belmeken–Sestrimo–Chaira Hydroelectric Cascade is situated in the Pazardzhik Province, southern Bulgaria and is the largest and most complex hydroelectric complex in the country. Located in the eastern part of the Rila mountain range, the complex receives waters from the drainage basins of the major rivers Maritsa, Struma and Mesta. Its catchment area is 458 km2.
The Lesnovska reka is a river in western Bulgaria, a right tributary of the river Iskar, itself a right tributary of the Danube, belonging to the Black Sea drainage. Its length is 65 km. It drains parts of the Ihtimanska Sredna Gora mountain range and the Sofia Valley.
Saranska Valley is situated in central western Bulgaria and is the third of the eleven Sub-Balkan valleys in direction west–east. It is named after the village of Sarantsi.
Republican Road II-51 is a second-class road in northeastern Bulgaria, running through Ruse, Targovishte and Razgrad Provinces. Its length is 98.2 km.
The Cherni Lom is a 130 km-long river in northern Bulgaria, a right tributary of the river Rusenski Lom, itself a right tributary of the Danube.