List of sound chips

Last updated

Sound chips come in different forms and use a variety of techniques to generate audio signals. This is a list of sound chips that were produced by a certain company or manufacturer, categorized by the sound generation of the chips.

Contents

Programmable sound generators (PSG)

ManufacturerChipYearChannelsApplicationsNotesRef
Atari, Inc. Television Interface Adaptor (TIA)19772 Atari 2600 and Atari 7800 video game consoles, Video Music (music visualizer for TV)Combined sound and graphics chip, metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit [1]
POKEY 19794 Atari 8-bit home computers, Atari 5200 console, some Atari arcade machines, certain Atari 7800 cartridges [2]
Atari AMY 198364/8Intended for 65XEM (never released) HMOS (depletion mode NMOS) chip, additive synthesis chip (64 oscillators, 8 frequency ramps) [3]
Atari MIKEY 19894For the Atari LynxCombined sound and LCD driver, has 4-channels with an 8-bit DAC
General Instrument AY-3-8910 19783 Arcade boards (DECO, [4] Taito Z80, [5] Konami Scramble, [6] Irem M27, [7] Konami 6809, [8] Capcom Z80 [9] ), computers (Colour Genie, Oric 1, MSX, Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum 128, Elektor TVGC, Mockingboard, Speech/Sound Program Pak (TRS-80 Color Computer)), Intellivision N-type MOS (NMOS) large-scale integration (LSI) chip [10]
SP0250 19811 Sega G80 arcade system board Linear predictive coding (LPC) speech synthesis NMOS chip [11]
SP0256 19841 Intellivoice (Intellivision), MicroSpeech (ZX Spectrum), Tandy Voice Synthesizer (TRS-80), VIC-20 and Atari 8-bit homebrew kits, Fuzzbuster radar detector LPC speech synthesis NMOS LSI chip [12]
Konami RC 19811Konami Scramble and Gyruss arcade system boards [13] [14]
VRC6 19893Certain Konami-produced Famicom cartridges [15]
MOS Technology VIC (6560 / 6561) 19774 VIC-1001 and VIC-20 Combined sound and graphics NMOS chip [16]
SID (6581 / 8580) 19813 Commodore 64 and Commodore 128 computers, Elektron SidStation synthesizer sound module NMOS chip (6581) / HMOS-II chip (8580) [17] [18]
TED (7360 / 8360) 19832 Commodore 16, Commodore Plus/4 HMOS chip [19]
Microchip Technology AY8930 19893 Covox Sound Master Card
Oki Electric Industry Oki MSM523219838 Arcade games (particularly Taito games), Korg Poly-800 polyphonic synthesiser Complementary MOS (CMOS) chip [20] [18] [21]
Philips Philips SAA1099 19846 SAM Coupé, Creative Music System (also known as Game Blaster) [22]
Ricoh Ricoh 2A03 / 2A0719835 Nintendo Entertainment System (Famicom) home console (hardware expandable), arcade game Punch-Out!! NMOS chip, delta modulation channel (DMC) is for pulse-code modulation (PCM) sampling, 7-bit DAC. [23]
Sega Sega Melody Generator19811 Sega G80 arcade system board [24]
Sega PSG (SN76496) 19824 Sega arcade boards (Sega Z80, [25] Sega Zaxxon, System E), Master System and Mega Drive/Genesis consolesBased on Texas Instruments SN76496. In Mega Drive/Genesis, it is both secondary to the Yamaha YM2612 FM chip and for Master System mode. [26]
Sharp Corporation Sharp LR35902 19894 Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance In Game Boy Advance, it is both secondary to software-mixed PCM and for Game Boy/Game Boy Color mode. [27]
Sharp SM852119971 Game.com Noise generator
Sunsoft Sunsoft 5B 19923Famicom cartridge Gimmick! Derivative of Yamaha YM2149F [28]
Texas Instruments SN76477 19781 Space Invaders arcade system board, ABC 80 [29]
LPC Speech Chips 19781 Speak & Spell, Speak & Math, Speak & Read, arcade gamesPitch-excited LPC (PE-LPC) speech synthesizer, digital signal processor (DSP), P-type MOS (PMOS) chip
SN76489 (DCSG)19794Various arcade system boards, SG-1000 console, BBC Micro home computer, Sharp MZ-800, IBM PCjr and TI-99/4A computers [30]
SN76489A (DCSG)19824 ColecoVision, Master System and Mega Drive/Genesis consoles, Game Gear and Pico handheld game consoles In Mega Drive/Genesis, it is both secondary to the Yamaha YM2612 FM chip and for Master System mode.
SN76496 19824 Tandy 1000 computer [31]
TMS361519812Arcade games [32]
TMS3617
TMS3630
TMS3631-RI104 / RI105
Toshiba Toshiba T7766A19883Some MSX models (MSX-Engine) AY-3-8910 compatible chip (has the same pinout)
Unisonic Technologies CompanyUM66, TXXL series1 or 23-pin CMOS LSI based chip that contains pre-programmed read-only memory (ROM) [33]
Yamaha Yamaha YM2149 (SSG)19833Various arcade boards, MSX computers (including Yamaha CX5M), Atari ST computerNMOS LSI chip based on AY-3-8910 [34] [35] [36]
Yamaha YM3439 (SSGC)19913 Atari Falcon and MSX computersCMOS LSI variant of YM2149 [37]

Wavetable synthesis

Manufacturer(s)ChipYearChannelsApplicationsNotesRef
Atari Jerry 199316 Atari Jaguar CMOS chip, also supports PCM (sample-based synthesis) and pulse-width modulation (PWM) [38] [39]
Atmel / Dream SAM940719934 Quasimidi digital synthesizers (Caruso, Quasar, [40] [41] Technox, Raven, Raven MAX), computer sound cards (Guillemot Maxi Sound 64 Dynamic 3D, Maxi Sound Home Studio 64 Pro, Hoontech ST128 Gold & Ruby and Soundtrack Digital Audio, TerraTec AudioSystem EWS64L/XL/XXL/SHome Studio Pro 64, Home Studio) High-speed CMOS (HCMOS) chip [42] [43]
SAM970719984 Quasimidi digital synthesizers (Rave-O-Lution 309, Sirius, Polymorph) Digital signal processor (DSP) core [44] [45]
Ensoniq Ensoniq 5503198432 Mirage synthesizer and Apple IIGS computer [46]
Hudson Soft / NEC / Epson Hudson Soft HuC6280 19876 NEC's PC Engine (TurboGrafx-16) consoleCMOS chip [47]
Konami Konami SCC 19875Certain arcade system boards, game cartridges for MSX [48]
Namco Namco WSG (Waveform Sound Generator)19803Several Namco arcade system boards (including Namco Pac-Man and Namco Galaga) [49] [50]
Namco 52xx (Audio Processor)19811Namco Galaga and Namco Pole Position arcade system boards [51] [50]
Namco 54xx (Audio Generator)19828Namco Pole Position arcade system board [51]
Namco 15xx (WSG)19828 Namco Super Pac-Man arcade system board [50] [52]
Namco CUS3019848 Namco Pac-Land, Namco Thunder Ceptor, System 86 and Namco System 1 arcade boardsSimilar to the earlier 15xx WSG, but capable of stereo sound. [50]
Namco 163 (N163)19878Namco-produced Famicom games [53]
Nintendo VSU-VUE19956 Virtual Boy portable consoleSilicon-gate CMOS chip
Ricoh Ricoh 2C3319861 Famicom Disk System
Sharp Corporation Sharp LR35902 19891 Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance In Game Boy Advance, it is both secondary to software-mixed PCM and for Game Boy/Game Boy Color mode. [27]
Sharp SM852119972 Game.com

Frequency modulation (FM) synthesis

ManufacturerChipYearTotal FM operatorsMax FM channelsMax ops / channelApplicationsNotesRef
ESS Technology ESFM synthesizer 199472184Most ESS Tech sound chips (ES1868/69 being most common)Based on Yamaha YMF262 (OPL3) silicon-gate CMOS chip. Includes wavetable interface. Two modes, one "OPL2/3 compatible" and the other the native superset. [54] [55]
Yamaha YM21280 (OPS) / YM21290 (EGS) 198396166 Yamaha digital synthesizers (DX7, DX1, DX5, DX9, [56] [57] TX7, TX216, TX416, TX816) [58] Chipset (OPS operator chip, EGS envelope generator chip) [36] [59] [60]
Yamaha YM2151 (a.k.a. OPM)19833284Mid-1980s to mid-1990s arcade systems (the most prolific FM chip used in arcades), Sharp X1 and X68000 computers, MSX (CX5M, Yamaha SFG-01 and SFG-05 FM Sound Synthesizer Unit), Yamaha digital synthesizers (DX21, DX27, DX100) NMOS chip (depletion-load) [61] [62] [35] [63]
Yamaha YM2203 (a.k.a. OPN)19841234Some 1980s arcade games, NEC computers (PC-88, PC-98, NEC PC-6001mkII SR, PC-6601 SR)3 additional Yamaha YM2149 SSG square wave channels, silicon-gate NMOS LSI chip [64] [35] [63]
Yamaha YM3526 (a.k.a. OPL)19841892 Bubble Bobble arcade game, Commodore 64 SFX Sound ExpanderSilicon-gate CMOS LSI chip [65] [35] [63]
Yamaha Y8950 (a.k.a. MSX-AUDIO)19841892MSX-Audio cartridges for MSX (Panasonic FS-CA1, Toshiba HX-MU900, and Philips NMS-1205)Very similar to Yamaha YM3526, additional adaptive differential PCM (ADPCM) channel, silicon-gate CMOS LSI chip [66]
Yamaha YM2164 (a.k.a. OPP)19853284 Yamaha FB-01 MIDI Expander, IBM Music Feature Card, MSX (Yamaha CX5M and SFG-05), Korg DS-8 and 707 digital synthesizers Based on Yamaha YM2151 (OPM) [67] [35] [63]
Yamaha YM3812 (a.k.a. OPL2)19851892 Sound cards for PC (including AdLib and early Sound Blaster cards), Yamaha Portasound keyboards (PSR and PSS series)Silicon-gate CMOS LSI chip [68] [35] [63]
Yamaha YM2413 (a.k.a. OPLL)19861892Japanese Master System, Sega Mark III, MSX (in MSX Music cartridges like the FM-PAC, and internally in several Japanese models by Panasonic, Sony and Sanyo), Yamaha Portasound digital keyboards (PSS-140, PSS-170, PSS-270)Silicon-gate NMOS LSI chip [69] [35] [63]
YM2604 (OPS2) / YM3609 (EGM)198696166 Yamaha DX7 II and TX802 digital synthesizers Chipset (OPS2 operator chip, EGM envelope generator chip) [60] [70] [71]
Yamaha YM2608 (a.k.a. OPNA)19862464 NEC PC-88 and PC-98 computers3 additional Yamaha YM2149 SSG square wave channels, 7 additional ADPCM channels, silicon-gate NMOS LSI chip [72] [63]
Yamaha YM2414 (a.k.a. OPZ)19873284 Yamaha digital synthesizers (TX81Z, DX11, YS200), Korg Z3 guitar synthesizer [35] [73] [63]
Yamaha YM2610 (a.k.a. OPNB)19871644 SNK's Neo Geo console, arcade systems (particularly Neo Geo and Taito games)7 additional ADPCM channels [74] [21]
Yamaha YM2612 (a.k.a. OPN2)19882464 Sega Mega Drive/Genesis console, FM Towns computer, Sega arcade systems PCM supported on one of the channels [75]
Yamaha YM3438 (a.k.a. OPN2C)19892464 Sega Mega Drive/Genesis console (later models), FM Towns computer, Sega arcade systems Improved Yamaha YM2612, PCM supported on one of the channels, silicon-gate CMOS LSI chip
Yamaha YMF262 (a.k.a. OPL3)1990 [76] 36184 Sound Blaster Pro 2.0 and later cards for PC (including Sound Blaster 16, AdLib Gold 1000 and AWE32)Silicon-gate CMOS chip [55] [35] [63]
Yamaha DS1001 (Konami VRC7) 19901262 Famicom cartridge Lagrange Point Modified derivative of Yamaha YM2413 (OPLL) [77]
Yamaha YMF271 (a.k.a. OPX)19933618412 additional PCM channels
Yamaha YMF278 (a.k.a. OPL4)199336184 Moonsound cartridge for MSX computer [78]
Yamaha YMF292 (a.k.a. SCSP)1994323232 Sega Saturn console, Sega ST-V, [79] Model 2A/2B/2C CRX [80] [81] [82] and Model 3 arcade systemsPCM supported [83] [84]
Yamaha YMF288 (a.k.a. OPN3)19952464 NEC PC-98 computerBased on Yamaha YM2608 (OPNA) [85] [86]
Yamaha YMF7xx (a.k.a. OPL3-SA)199736184Embedded audio chipset in some laptops and sound cards (including PCI, ISA and Yamaha Audician 32)Integrates Yamaha YMF262 (OPL3) [87] [35] [88]
Yamaha YMU757 (a.k.a. MA-1)1999842Some 2000s and 1990s cellphones, PDAs [89]
Yamaha YMU759 (a.k.a. MA-2)200032162Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs 8 channels for 4 operators, an additional ADPCM channel [90]
Yamaha YMU762 (a.k.a. MA-3)200164322Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs 16 channels for 4 operators, 8 additional PCM/ADPCM channels [91]
Yamaha YMU765 (a.k.a. MA-5)200364322Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs 32 PCM/ADPCM channels, 16 channels for 4 operators [92]
Yamaha YMF825 (a.k.a. SD-1)201132164 [93]

Pulse-code modulation (PCM) sampling

Manufacturer(s)ChipYearMax PCM channelsMax sample depth (bits)Max sample rate (Hz)ApplicationsNotesRef
Analog Devices AD18481992Multiple stereo channels, unlimited1648,000Original Windows Sound System card by Microsoft, Ensoniq Soundscape S-2000 and Elite cards Digital-to-analog codec chip, 2-channel stereo input/output [94]
ARM Ltd. VIDC20 199481644,100 Risc PC computer
Atari Jerry1993161644,100 Atari Jaguar console CMOS chip, also supports pulse-width modulation (PWM) and single-cycle wavetable-lookup synthesis [38] [95] [39]
SDMA (Sound/DMA)199281649,170 Atari Falcon030 computerIntegrates Motorola 56001 DSP [96] [97]
Crystal Semiconductor CS4231199211648,000 Windows Sound System compatible, Gravis Ultrasound card [98]
DrucegroveDigitalker MM5410419801113,000 Namco Galaxian ( King & Balloon ) and Scorpion arcade system boards, National Semiconductor Digitalker DT1050 speech synthesizer Delta modulation (DM) differential PCM (DPCM) speech synthesis chip [99] [100]
Gravis GF11992321644,100 Gravis Ultrasound card
Harris Corporation HC-5551619811132,000 Irem M27 ( Red Alert ), [101] Sinistar [102] and Midway Y Unit [103] arcade system boards Continuously variable slope DM (CVSD) adaptive DM (ADM) speech decoder [104]
Intel Intel High Definition Audio (IHDA)2004832192,000 IBM Personal Computer, IBM PC compatible computers [105]
Konami Konami K00723219862832,000Konami Bubble System and Twin 16 arcade boardsPCM
Konami K053260199041232,000Konami TMNT based arcade boardKDSC
Konami K054539199181632,000Konami Xexex based, Mystic Warriors based and GX arcade boardsADPCM
Macronix Flipper 2001641648,000 GameCube consoleADPCM, Dolby Pro Logic II (AC-3) [106] [107]
MOS Technology MOS Technology 8364 "Paula" 19854828,000 Commodore's Amiga computer [108] [109]
Namco Namco C140 1987241242,780 Namco System 2 and System 21 arcade boards [110]
Namco C2191992161242,780 Namco NA-1 and NA-2 arcade system boards
Namco C352 1992321642,670 Namco System 22, System FL, NB-1, NB-2, ND-1, System 11, System 12 and System 23 arcade boards Linear PCM (LPCM) and μ-law PCM samples supported [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117]
National Semiconductor LMC199219894850,000 Atari STE and TT030 personal computers [118] [119]
NEC μPD77511985388,000 Sega System 16 arcade boardsADPCM, Speech synthesis chip
μPD77591987188,000 Sega System 16B and System C2 arcade boards, Sega Pico consoleADPCM, Speech synthesis chip
NVIDIA MCPX 2001641648,000 Microsoft Xbox console3D sound support, Dolby Pro Logic, DTS, DSP, MIDI DLS2 Support
Oki Electric Industry Oki MSM5205198211232,000Various arcade system boards (Irem M-52, [120] Data East Z80, [121] Capcom 68000), [122] NEC's PC Engine CD-ROM² (TurboGrafx-CD) game console Adaptive DPCM (ADPCM) chip [123]
Oki MSM6258198711215,600 Sharp's X68000 computer ADPCM [124]
Oki MSM6295 198741232,000Various arcade system boards (including Capcom's CP System)ADPCM [125] [126]
Oki MSM9810199981432,000Sammy arcade system boards ADPCM
QSound QSound DSP16A1993161624,000 CP System II arcade system board PCM/ADPCM
Ricoh Ricoh 2A03 / 2A07 19821715,745 Nintendo Entertainment System (Famicom) home console (hardware expandable), arcade game Punch-Out!! NMOS chip, DM channel (DMC) is for PCM sampling [23]
Ricoh RF5c68 19898819,800 Fujitsu's FM Towns computer, Sega System 18 and System 32 arcade boards [127]
Ricoh RF5C16419918831,300 Sega CD console add-on 1.5 µm silicon-gate CMOS chip [128]
Roland Corporation Roland LA321987161632,000 Roland synthesizers (D-50, D550, D10, D20, D110), Roland MT-32 MIDI sound module (Sharp X68000, Amiga, Atari ST, IBM PC, NEC PC-88, PC-98) Linear Arithmetic synthesis (LA synthesis) [129] [130] [131]
Sanyo VLM5030 Speech Synthesizer1983188,136Arcade game Punch-Out!! Speech synthesis chip [132]
Sega SegaPCM198516831,250 Sega arcade systems (Sega Space Harrier, Sega OutRun, X Board, Y Board) [133] [134]
SGI Reality Signal Processor (RSP) 19961001648,000 Nintendo 64 consoleDSP, [135] combined sound and graphics processor, ADPCM, MP3 support [136] [137] [138]
Sharp Corporation Sharp SM852119971832,768 Game.com handheld
Sony Sony SPC700 (Nintendo S-SMP)199081632,000 Super Nintendo Entertainment System console Bit Rate Reduction (BRR) ADPCM [139] [140]
Sony SPU (Sound Processing Unit) 1994241644,100 Sony PlayStation consoleADPCM [141]
Sony SPU2 1999481648,000 Sony PlayStation 2 consoleADPCM, Supports Dolby Digital (AC-3), DTS [142] [143]
Yamaha Yamaha Y8950 (a.k.a. MSX-AUDIO)19841850,000MSX-Audio cartridges for MSX ADPCM, Speech synthesis chip [66] [63]
Yamaha YM2608 (a.k.a. OPNA)19857816,000 NEC PC-88 and PC-98 computersADPCM [72] [63]
Yamaha YM2610 (a.k.a. OPNB)198771255,500 SNK's Neo Geo console, arcade systems (particularly Neo Geo and Taito games)ADPCM [74] [144]
Yamaha YM2612 (a.k.a. OPN2)19881844,100 Sega Mega Drive/Genesis console, FM Towns computer, Sega arcade systems [75] [145]
Yamaha YMW258-F (a.k.a. GEW8) (Sega MultiPCM)1992281644,100 Sega arcade boards (System Multi 32, Model 1, Model 2), Yamaha instruments (MU-5 and TG-100 sound modules, Portasound keyboards, QR-10, QY-20 workstation) Advanced Wave Memory (AWM) sampling [146] [36]
Yamaha YMF271 (a.k.a. OPX)1993121244,100
Yamaha YMF278 (a.k.a. OPL4)1993241644,100 Moonsound cartridge for MSX computer [147]
Yamaha YMF292 (a.k.a. SCSP)1994321644,100 Sega Saturn console, Sega arcade systems (Sega ST-V, Model 2A CRX/2B CRX/2C CRX and Model 3) [83] [79] [80] [81] [82] [84]
Yamaha YMZ280B (a.k.a. PCMD8)199581644,100 Cave, Data East, and Psikyo arcade systemsADPCM supported [148]
Yamaha AICA1998641648,000 Sega Dreamcast console, Sega arcade systems (Sega NAOMI, Hikaru, and NAOMI 2)ADPCM [149] [150] [151]
Yamaha YMU759 (a.k.a. MA-2)2000188,000Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs ADPCM
Yamaha YMU762 (a.k.a. MA-3)20018848,000Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs ADPCM supported
Yamaha YMU765 (a.k.a. MA-5)200332848,000Some 2000s cellphones, PDAs ADPCM, Analog Lite, and speech synthesis supported

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Wright, Steve (December 3, 1979). Stella Programmer's Guide (PDF). Atari . Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  2. ↑ POKEY CO12294 (PDF). Atari Inc. March 30, 1982. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  3. ↑ AMY 1 Spec (PDF). Atari. June 1983. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  4. ↑ "System 16 - Data East DECO Cassette System Hardware (Data East)". www.system16.com.
  5. ↑ "System 16 - Taito Z80 Based Hardware (Taito)". www.system16.com.
  6. ↑ "System 16 - Konami Scramble Hardware (Konami)". Archived from the original on 2014-09-29. Retrieved 2014-09-27.
  7. ↑ "System 16 - Irem M27 Hardware (Irem)". www.system16.com.
  8. ↑ "System 16 - Konami 6809 Based Hardware (Konami)". www.system16.com.
  9. ↑ "System 16 - Capcom Z80 Based Hardware (Capcom)". Archived from the original on 2014-09-30. Retrieved 2014-09-27.
  10. ↑ AY-3-8910 / AY-3-8912 / AY-3-8913: Programmable Sound Generator (PDF). General Instrument . Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  11. ↑ SP-0250 Speech Synthesizer: Preliminary Information (PDF). General Instrument . Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  12. ↑ SP0256 Narrator™ Speech Processor (PDF). RadioShack. April 1984. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  13. ↑ "Scramble arcade video game by Konami Industry (1981)". www.arcade-history.com.
  14. ↑ "Gyruss arcade video game by Konami Industry (1983)". www.arcade-history.com.
  15. ↑ D'Angelo, David (2014-06-25). "Breaking the NES for Shovel Knight". Gamasutra .
  16. ↑ 6560/6561 Video Interface Chip (PDF). Commodore MOS Technology (NMOS). Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  17. ↑ 6581 Sound Interface Device (SID) (PDF). Commodore MOS Technology (NMOS). October 1982. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
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