Manufacturing of the International Space Station

Last updated
The Space Station Processing Facility at Kennedy Space Center - the prime factory for final fabrication and processing of station components for launch MPLM inside the SSPF.jpg
The Space Station Processing Facility at Kennedy Space Center - the prime factory for final fabrication and processing of station components for launch

The project to create the International Space Station required the utilization and/or construction of new and existing manufacturing facilities around the world, mostly in the United States and Europe. The agencies overseeing the manufacturing involved NASA, Roscosmos, the European Space Agency, JAXA, and the Canadian Space Agency. Hundreds of contractors [1] working for the five space agencies were assigned the task of fabricating the modules, trusses, experiments and other hardware elements for the station.

Contents

The fact that the project involved the co-operation of sixteen countries working together created engineering challenges that had to be overcome: most notably the differences in language, culture and politics, but also engineering processes, management, measuring standards and communication; to ensure that all elements connect together and function according to plan. The ISS agreement program also called for the station components to be made highly durable and versatile — as it is intended to be used by astronauts indefinitely. A series of new engineering and manufacturing processes and equipment were developed, and shipments of steel, aluminium alloys and other materials were needed for the construction of the space station components.

History and planning

The project began as Space Station Freedom, a US only effort, but was long delayed by funding and technical problems. Following the initial 1980's authorization (with an intended ten year construction period) by Ronald Reagan, the Station Freedom concept was designed and renamed in the 1990s to reduce costs and expand international involvement. In 1993, the United States and Russia agreed to merge their separate space station plans into a single facility integrating their respective modules and incorporating contributions from the European Space Agency and Japan. [2] In later months, an international agreement board recruited several more space agencies and companies to collaborate to the project. The International Organization for Standardization played a crucial role in unifying and overcoming different engineering methods (such as measurements and units), languages, standards and techniques to ensure quality, engineering communication and logistical management across all manufacturing activities of the station components.[ citation needed ]

Engineering designs

Engineering diagrams of various elements of the ISS, with annotations of various parts and systems on each module.

Technical schematics

Manufacturing Information and Processes

List of factories and manufacturing processes used in the construction and fabrication of the International Space Station modular components:[ citation needed ]

Space Station componentOverseeing agency and contractor(s)Manufacturing
facility		Materials
used		Manufacturing dateMass
(kg)		Manufacturing ProcessesFactory view
Zarya (FGB) [3] NASA, Roscosmos Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center 199419,323 Zarya during assembly.jpg
Unity (Node 1), [4] PMA-1 & PMA-2 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center June 6, 199711,612 Unity and STS-88 crew members.jpg
Zvezda (Service Module) [5] Roscosmos Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center February 198519,051 Zvezda Service Module under construction.jpg
Z1 Truss & PMA-3 NASA Michoud Assembly Facility 19998,755 (Z1) ISS Z1 truss structure.jpg
P6 Truss & Solar Arrays NASA Michoud Assembly Facility

Truss

Solar Arrays

1999/200015,824 S6 Truss at SSPF.jpg

S6 Truss move to payload cannister.jpg

Destiny (US Laboratory) [6] NASA Marshall Space Flight Center December 12, 199714,515 Destiny at Marshall Space Flight Center.jpg
External Stowage Platform-1 NASA
  • Airbus DS Space Systems
 Goddard Space Flight Center [7] Steel 20005,760 PFCS STS-114 ref 115.png
Canadarm2 (SSRMS) Canadian Space Agency Titanium 2000/014,899
  • Seamless rolling
  • Milling
  • Robotic assembly
 STS-114 Steve Robinson on Canadarm2.jpg

Pitch Roll Joint PRJ.png

Quest (Joint Airlock) [8] NASA Marshall Space Flight Center 20006,064 Quest airlock at the Marshall Space Flight Center.jpg
Pirs (Docking Compartment & Airlock) RKK Energia Korolyov, Moscow Oblast 19983,580 Pirs assembly.jpg
S0 Truss [9] NASA Michoud Assembly Facility 1998/200013,970 ISS S0 truss in O&C.jpg

ISS S0 truss steelwork.jpg

Mobile Base System NASA Northrop Grumman factory in Carpinteria, CA 20011,450 STS-111 Installation of Mobile Base System.jpg
S1 Truss and Radiators NASA Michoud Assembly Facility June 200214,120 Heat Rejection System (HRS) Radiator.jpg
P1 Truss and Radiators NASA Michoud Assembly Facility July 200213.748same as S1 Truss ISS Truss structure.jpg
ESP-2 NASA
  • Airbus DS Space Systems
 Goddard Space Flight Center October 20052,676 03 NTA.jpg
P3/P4 Truss & Solar Arrays [10] NASA Michoud Assembly Facility

Truss

Solar Arrays

2005/0615,900 S4 truss.jpg

ISS S3 truss manufacturing at Michoud.jpg

P5 Truss [11] NASA Operations and Checkout Building Anodized steel February 20071,818 P5 Truss segment prepared for launch on STS-116.jpg
S3/S4 Truss & Solar Arrays NASA Michoud Assembly Facility Same as P3/P4 trussesMay 12, 200515,900Same as P3/P4 trusses STS-117 payload in PCR.jpg
S5 Truss and ESP-3 NASA Operations and Checkout Building Steel (some anodized)200713.795Same as P5 and ESP-1 and 2 STS-118 ESP-3.jpg

KSC-00PP-1103 STS-106b.jpg

Harmony (Node 2)
Relocation of P6 Truss 		European Space Agency, Italian Space Agency Thales Alenia Space factory in Turin, ItalyMay 200314,288 ISS Node 2 module.jpg
Columbus (European Laboratory) [12] European Space Agency European Space Research and Technology Centre April 200612,800 Columbus module delivered to KSC.jpg
Dextre Canadian Space Agency MacDonald Dettwiler (now MDA Space Missions) factory in Brampton Ontario20041,734 Dextre characteristics.jpg
Japanese Logistics Module (ELM-PS) JAXA Tsukuba Space Center April 2, 20078,386 ELM PS kibo.jpg
Japanese Pressurized Module (JEM-PM)
JEM Robotic Arm (JEM-RMS) [14] [15] 		JAXA (formerly NASDA) Tsukuba Space Center November 200515,900 (JEM-PM) JAXA Kibo 001.jpg

JEM in November 2006.jpg

S6 Truss & Solar Arrays NASA Michoud Assembly Facility same as P4/S4 truss and solar arrays2006/0715,900same as P4/S4 truss and solar arrays
Japanese Exposed Facility (JEM-EF) JAXA Tsukuba Space Center May 28, 20034,100 Kibo EF in TKSC-01.jpg
Poisk (MRM-2) [16] [17] Roscosmos Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center 2008/093,670same as Pirs Poisk.Jpeg
ExPRESS Logistics Carriers 1 & 2 NASA All three contracting facilities2008/096,277 402222main Techs working on ELC 1019.jpg

ELC2 STS 129.JPG

Tranquility (Node 3) NASA, European Space Agency Cannes Mandelieu Space Center Stainless steel April 200512,247 Iss Node 3.JPG
Cupola NASA, European Space Agency 2003/071,800 Cupola at KSC.jpg
Rassvet (MRM-1) [18] Roscosmos, NASA Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center July 20095,075 STS132 MRM1 Astrotech1.jpg

STS-132 MRM1 Astrotech March1.jpg

Leonardo (PMM) Italian Space Agency, NASA Stainless steel 2000/019,896 STS-131 MPLM Leonardo preparations 1.jpg
EXPRESS Logistics Carrier 3 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 2010/116,637Same as ELC 1 & 2 ELC-3 top view.png
EXPRESS Logistics Carrier 4 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 2010/116,731Same as ELC 1 & 2 HRSR.png
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer CERN CERN, Geneva SwitzerlandAugust 20106,731 Spectrometer development and assembly AMS01Geneva.jpg

AMS-01.jpg

Bigelow Expandable Activity Module [19] NASA Bigelow Aerospace factory in Las Vegas, Nevada [20] March 12, 20153.2Composite lamination Bigelow Expandable Activity Module at Bigelow's facility in Las Vegas.jpg
NanoRacks Airlock Module NanoRacks Thales Alenia Space factory [21]

Space Station Processing Facility

2017-20325 kg Bishop Airlock Module.jpg
Nauka (MLM)
European Robotic Arm [22] 		Roscosmos Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center Same as Zarya2005/1820,300Same as Zarya, with additions MLM Nauka 1.jpg
Prichal Roscosmos Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center Same as Poisk2017/203,890Same as Poisk Mockup of Prichal Module.jpg
Roll Out Solar Arrays NASA Deployable Space Systems, Inc. (DSSI) 2014-present1,002 ISS roll out solar array in the SSPF.jpg
Space Station componentOverseeing agency and contractor(s)Manufacturing
facility		Materials
used		Manufacturing dateMass
(kg)		Manufacturing ProcessesFactory view

Decommissioned Components are shown in gray.

Transportation

The European Columbus module being unloaded from the Airbus Beluga at the Shuttle Landing Facility Airbus (A300-600ST) Beluga unloading Columbus.jpg
The European Columbus module being unloaded from the Airbus Beluga at the Shuttle Landing Facility
Node 2 inside its transportation container on its way by road to the SSPF, past the Vehicle Assembly Building from the SLF runway Issnode-VAB-medium.jpg
Node 2 inside its transportation container on its way by road to the SSPF, past the Vehicle Assembly Building from the SLF runway

Once manufactured or fabricated sufficiently, most of the space station elements were transported by aircraft (usually the Airbus Beluga or the Antonov An-124) to the Kennedy Space Center Space Station Processing Facility for final manufacturing stages, checks and launch processing. Some elements arrived by ship at Port Canaveral. [23] [24]

Each module for aircraft transport was safely housed in a custom-designed shipping container with foam insulation and an outer shell of sheet metal, to protect it from damage and the elements. At their respective European, Russian and Japanese factories, the modules were transported to their nearest airport by road in their containers, loaded into the cargo aircraft and were flown to Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility for unloading and final transfers to the SSPF and or the Operations and Checkout Building in the KSC industrial area. The American and Canadian-built components such as the US lab, Node 1, Quest airlock, truss and solar array segments, and the Canadarm-2 were either flown by the Aero Spacelines Super Guppy to KSC, or transported by road and rail. [25]

After final stages of manufacturing, systems testing and launch checkout, all ISS components are loaded into a payload transfer container in the shape of the Space Shuttle payload bay. This container safely carries the component in its launch configuration until it is hoisted vertically at the launch pad gantry for transfer to the Space Shuttle orbiter for launch and in-orbit assembly of the International Space Station. [26]

Pre-launch processing and last stages of manufacturing

With the exception of all but one Russian-built module — Rassvet, all ISS components end up here at either one or both of these buildings at Kennedy Space Center.

Space Station Processing Facility

At the SSPF, ISS modules, trusses and solar arrays are prepped and made ready for launch. In this iconic building are two large 100,000 class clean work environment areas. [27] Workers and engineers wear full non-contaminant clothing while working. Modules receive cleaning and polishing, and some areas are temporarily disassembled for the installation of cables, electrical systems and plumbing. Steel truss parts and module panels are assembled together with screws, bolts and connectors, some with insulation. In another area, shipments of spare materials are available for installation. International Standard Payload Rack frames are assembled and welded together, allowing the installation of instruments, machines and science experiment boxes to be fitted. Once racks are fully assembled, they are hoisted by a special manually operated robotic crane and carefully maneuvered into place inside the space station modules. Each rack weighs from 700 to 1,100 kg, and connect inside the module on special mounts with screws and latches. [28]

Cargo bags for MPLM modules were filled with their cargo such as food packages, science experiments and other miscellaneous items on-site in the SSPF, and were loaded into the module by the same robotic crane and strapped in securely.

Operations and Checkout Building

Adjacent to the Space Station Processing Facility, the Operations and Checkout Building's spacecraft workshop is used for testing of the space station modules in a vacuum chamber to check for leaks which can be repaired on-site. Additionally, systems checking on various electrical elements and machines is conducted. Similar processing operations to the SSPF are conducted in this building if the SSPF area is full, or certain stages of preparation can only be done in the O&C. [29]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International Space Station</span> Largest modular space station in low Earth orbit

The International Space Station (ISS) is the largest modular space station in low Earth orbit. The project involves five space agencies: the United States' NASA, Russia's Roscosmos, Japan's JAXA, Europe's ESA, and Canada's CSA. The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements. The station serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which scientific research is conducted in astrobiology, astronomy, meteorology, physics, and other fields. The ISS is suited for testing the spacecraft systems and equipment required for possible future long-duration missions to the Moon and Mars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spacelab</span> Temporary, reusable laboratory aboard the Space Shuttle

Spacelab was a reusable laboratory developed by European Space Agency (ESA) and used on certain spaceflights flown by the Space Shuttle. The laboratory comprised multiple components, including a pressurized module, an unpressurized carrier, and other related hardware housed in the Shuttle's cargo bay. The components were arranged in various configurations to meet the needs of each spaceflight.

<i>Columbus</i> (ISS module) ESA science observatory on the International Space Station

Columbus is a science laboratory that is part of the International Space Station (ISS) and is the largest single contribution to the ISS made by the European Space Agency (ESA).

<i>Kibō</i> (ISS module) Japanese ISS module, used on ISS press conferences

The Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), nicknamed Kibō, is a Japanese science module for the International Space Station (ISS) developed by JAXA. It is the largest single ISS module, and is attached to the Harmony module. The first two pieces of the module were launched on Space Shuttle missions STS-123 and STS-124. The third and final components were launched on STS-127.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STS-96</span> 1999 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS

STS-96 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Discovery, and the first shuttle flight to dock at the International Space Station. The shuttle carried the Spacehab module in the payload, filled with cargo for station outfitting. STS-96 launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 27 May 1999 at 06:49:42 AM EDT and returned to Kennedy on 6 June 1999, 2:02:43 AM EDT.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STS-100</span> 2001 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS

STS-100 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Endeavour. STS-100 launch on 19 April 2001, and installed the ISS Canadarm2 robotic arm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STS-105</span> 2001 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS

STS-105 was a mission of the Space Shuttle Discovery to the International Space Station, launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, 10 August 2001. This mission was Discovery's final mission until STS-114, because Discovery was grounded for a refit, and then all Shuttles were grounded in the wake of the Columbia disaster. The refit included an update of the flight deck to the glass cockpit layout, which was already installed on Atlantis and Columbia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STS-111</span> 2002 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS

STS-111 was a space shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Endeavour. STS-111 resupplied the station and replaced the Expedition 4 crew with the Expedition 5 crew. It was launched on 5 June 2002, from Kennedy Space Center, Florida.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Multi-Purpose Logistics Module</span> Large pressurized container for cargo resupply of the International Space Station

A Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) is a large pressurized container that was used on Space Shuttle missions to transfer cargo to and from the International Space Station (ISS). Two MPLMs made a dozen trips in the Shuttle cargo bay and initially berthed to the Unity module and later the Harmony module on the ISS. From there, supplies were offloaded, and finished experiments and waste were reloaded. The MPLM was then reberthed in the Shuttle for return to Earth. Three modules were built by the Italian Space Agency (ASI): Leonardo, Raffaello, and Donatello.

<i>Destiny</i> (ISS module) Primary US ISS module

The Destiny module, also known as the U.S. Lab, is the primary operating facility for U.S. research payloads aboard the International Space Station (ISS). It was berthed to the Unity module and activated over a period of five days in February, 2001. Destiny is NASA's first permanent operating orbital research station since Skylab was vacated in February 1974.

<i>Harmony</i> (ISS module) American module of the International Space Station

Harmony, also known as Node 2, is the "utility hub" of the International Space Station. It connects the laboratory modules of the United States, Europe and Japan, as well as providing electrical power and electronic data. Sleeping cabins for four of the crew are housed here.

<i>Tranquility</i> (ISS module) American module of the International Space Station

Tranquility, also known as Node 3, is a module of the International Space Station (ISS). It contains environmental control systems, life support systems, a toilet, exercise equipment, and an observation cupola.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STS-128</span> 2009 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS

STS-128 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) that launched on August 28, 2009. Space ShuttleDiscovery carried the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo as its primary payload. Leonardo contained a collection of experiments for studying the physics and chemistry of microgravity. Three spacewalks were carried out during the mission, which removed and replaced a materials processing experiment outside ESA's Columbus module, and returned an empty ammonia tank assembly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STS-131</span> 2010 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS

STS-131 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS). Space ShuttleDiscovery launched on April 5, 2010, at 6:21 am from LC-39A, and landed at 9:08 am on April 20, 2010, on runway 33 at the Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility. The mission marked the longest flight for Space Shuttle Discovery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Space Station Processing Facility</span> Building used for making ISS components

The Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) is a three-story industrial building at Kennedy Space Center for the manufacture and processing of flight hardware, modules, structural components and solar arrays of the International Space Station, and future space stations and commercial spacecraft. It was built in 1992 at the space complex's industrial area, just east of the Operations and Checkout Building.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Assembly of the International Space Station</span> Process of assembling the International Space Station

The process of assembling the International Space Station (ISS) has been under way since the 1990s. Zarya, the first ISS module, was launched by a Proton rocket on 20 November 1998. The STS-88 Space Shuttle mission followed two weeks after Zarya was launched, bringing Unity, the first of three node modules, and connecting it to Zarya. This bare 2-module core of the ISS remained uncrewed for the next one and a half years, until in July 2000 the Russian module Zvezda was launched by a Proton rocket, allowing a maximum crew of three astronauts or cosmonauts to be on the ISS permanently.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STS-135</span> 2011 American crewed spaceflight to the ISS and final flight of the Space Shuttle program

STS-135 was the 135th and final mission of the American Space Shuttle program. It used the orbiter Atlantis and hardware originally processed for the STS-335 contingency mission, which was not flown. STS-135 launched on July 8, 2011, and landed on July 21, 2011, following a one-day mission extension. The four-person crew was the smallest of any shuttle mission since STS-6 in April 1983. The mission's primary cargo was the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) Raffaello and a Lightweight Multi-Purpose Carrier (LMC), which were delivered to the International Space Station (ISS). The flight of Raffaello marked the only time that Atlantis carried an MPLM.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">US Orbital Segment</span> US components of the International Space Station

The US Orbital Segment (USOS) is the name given to the components of the International Space Station (ISS) constructed and operated by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The segment consists of eleven pressurized components and various external elements, all of which were delivered by the Space Shuttle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Node 4</span> Proposed module/Unity static test article for the International Space Station

Node 4, also known as the Docking Hub System (DHS), was a proposed module of the International Space Station (ISS). In 2011 NASA was considering a 40-month design and development effort for Node 4 that would result in its launch in late 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanoracks Bishop Airlock</span> Component of the International Space Station

The Nanoracks Bishop Airlock is a commercially-funded airlock module launched to the International Space Station on SpaceX CRS-21 on 6 December 2020. It was berthed to the Tranquility module on 19 December 2020 by the Canadarm2. The module was built by Nanoracks, Thales Alenia Space, and Boeing. It is used to deploy CubeSats, small satellites, and other external payloads for NASA, Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS), and other commercial and governmental customers. NASA plans on using the airlock as a brand new way to dispose large pieces of trash. The name refers to the bishop chess piece, which moves diagonally.

References

  1. ↑ "Companies involved with ISS".
  2. ↑ "International Space Station | Facts, Missions, & History".
  3. ↑ Wade, Mark (15 July 2008). "ISS Zarya". Encyclopaedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
  4. ↑ "Unity Connecting Module: Cornerstone for a Home in Orbit" (PDF). NASA. January 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
  5. ↑ "Zvezda Service Module". NASA. 11 March 2009. Archived from the original on 23 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
  6. ↑ "US Destiny Laboratory". NASA. 26 March 2007. Archived from the original on 9 July 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-26.
  7. ↑ NASA.gov Techs_working_on_ELC_1019.jpg
  8. ↑ "Space Station Extravehicular Activity". NASA. 4 April 2004. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
  9. ↑ "Space Station Assembly: Integrated Truss Structure". NASA. Archived from the original on 7 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-02.
  10. ↑ "P3 and P4 to expand station capabilities, providing a third and fourth solar array" (PDF). Boeing. July 2006. Retrieved 2007-12-02.
  11. ↑ "STS-118 MISSION OVERVIEW: BUILD THE STATION…BUILD THE FUTURE" (PDF). NASA PAO. July 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-02.
  12. ↑ "Columbus laboratory". ESA. 10 January 2009. Archived from the original on 30 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-06.
  13. ↑ "Stainless Steel, orbiting our planet at 17,150 miles per hour".
  14. ↑ "About Kibo". JAXA. 25 September 2008. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-06.
  15. ↑ "Kibo Japanese Experiment Module". NASA. 23 November 2007. Archived from the original on 23 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
  16. ↑ Zak, Anatoly. "Docking Compartment-1 and 2". RussianSpaceWeb.com. Archived from the original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  17. ↑ Bergin, Chris (9 November 2009). "Russian module launches via Soyuz for Thursday ISS docking". NASASpaceflight.com. Archived from the original on 13 November 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2009.
  18. ↑ "NASA Extends Contract With Russia's Federal Space Agency" (Press release). NASA. 9 April 2007. Archived from the original on 23 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-15.
  19. ↑ "NASA to Test Bigelow Expandable Module on Space Station". NASA. 16 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  20. ↑ NASA.gov New Expandable Addition on Space Station to Gather Critical Data for Future Space Habitat Systems 2015
  21. ↑ "Thales Alenia Space Joins NanoRacks on Commercial ISS Airlock Module". 5 February 2018.
  22. ↑ "FGB-based Multipurpose Lab Module (MLM)". Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Centre. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-31.
  23. ↑ NASA.gov
  24. ↑ NASA.gov
  25. ↑ mediaarchive.ksc.nasa.gov/detail.cfm?mediaid=44772
  26. ↑ mediaarchive.ksc.nasa.gov/detail.cfm?mediaid=44912
  27. ↑ NASA.gov
  28. ↑ mediaarchive.ksc.nasa.gov/detail.cfm?mediaid=51708
  29. ↑ NASA.gov

ISS space agency websites

Manufacturer websites

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.