| Algebraic structure → Group theory Group theory |
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In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, the Mathieu groupM22 is a sporadic simple group of order
M22 is one of the 26 sporadic groups and was introduced by Mathieu ( 1861 , 1873 ). It is a 3-fold transitive permutation group on 22 objects. The Schur multiplier of M22 is cyclic of order 12, and the outer automorphism group has order 2.
There are several incorrect statements about the 2-part of the Schur multiplier in the mathematical literature. Burgoyne & Fong (1966) incorrectly claimed that the Schur multiplier of M22 has order 3, and in a correction Burgoyne & Fong (1968) incorrectly claimed that it has order 6. This caused an error in the title of the paper Janko (1976) announcing the discovery of the Janko group J4. Mazet (1979) showed that the Schur multiplier is in fact cyclic of order 12.
Adem & Milgram (1995) calculated the 2-part of all the cohomology of M22.
M22 has a 3-transitive permutation representation on 22 points, with point stabilizer the group PSL3(4), sometimes called M21. This action fixes a Steiner system S(3,6,22) with 77 hexads, whose full automorphism group is the automorphism group M22.2 of M22.
M22 has three rank 3 permutation representations: one on the 77 hexads with point stabilizer 24:A6, and two rank 3 actions on 176 heptads that are conjugate under an outer automorphism and have point stabilizer A7.
M22 is the point stabilizer of the action of M23 on 23 points, and also the point stabilizer of the rank 3 action of the Higman–Sims group on 100 = 1+22+77 points.
The triple cover 3.M22 has a 6-dimensional faithful representation over the field with 4 elements.
The 6-fold cover of M22 appears in the centralizer 21+12.3.(M22:2) of an involution of the Janko group J4.
There are no proper subgroups transitive on all 22 points. There are 8 conjugacy classes of maximal subgroups of M22 as follows:
There are 12 conjugacy classes, though the two classes of elements of order 11 are fused under an outer automorphism.
| Order | No. elements | Cycle structure | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 = 1 | 1 | 122 | |
| 2 = 2 | 1155 = 3 · 5 · 7 · 11 | 1628 | |
| 3 = 3 | 12320 = 25 · 5 · 7 · 11 | 1436 | |
| 4 = 22 | 13860 = 22 · 32 · 5 · 7 · 11 | 122244 | |
| 27720 = 23 · 32 · 5 · 7 · 11 | 122244 | ||
| 5 = 5 | 88704 = 27 · 32 · 7 · 11 | 1254 | |
| 6 = 2 · 3 | 36960 = 25 · 3 · 5 · 7 · 11 | 223262 | |
| 7 = 7 | 63360= 27 · 32 · 5 · 11 | 1 73 | Power equivalent |
| 63360= 27 · 32 · 5 · 11 | 1 73 | ||
| 8 = 23 | 55440 = 24 · 32 · 5 · 7 · 11 | 2·4·82 | |
| 11 = 11 | 40320 = 27 · 32 · 5 · 7 | 112 | Power equivalent |
| 40320 = 27 · 32 · 5 · 7 | 112 |
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