Middlesbrough (UK Parliament constituency)

Last updated

Middlesbrough
Former borough constituency
for the House of Commons
Middlesbrough2007Constituency.svg
2010–2024 boundary of Middlesbrough in the former county of Cleveland
EnglandCleveland.svg
Location of the former county of Cleveland within England
County North Yorkshire ( Tees Valley )
Electorate 59,744 (2018) [1]
1974 (1974)2024
SeatsOne
Created from Middlesbrough East and Middlesbrough West
Replaced by Middlesbrough and Thornaby East
18681918
SeatsOne
Type of constituency Borough constituency
Created from North Riding of Yorkshire
Replaced by Middlesbrough East and Middlesbrough West

Middlesbrough was a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, [n 1] recreated in 1974, and represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 2012 until its abolition for the 2024 general election by Andy McDonald of the Labour Party. [n 2] An earlier version of the seat existed between 1868 and 1918.

Contents

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished. Subject to expansion to include the Borough of Stockton wards of Mandale & Victoria, and Stainsby Hill, it was replaced by the new Middlesbrough and Thornaby East constituency. [2]

History

First creation

Parliament created this seat under the Representation of the People Act 1867 for the general election the next year, however the population expanded so was split into east/west areas in 1918. From 1950 until 1974, given intervening expansion of suburbs across the country, the Metropolitan Borough of Thornaby closer to Stockton on Tees was included in the Middlesbrough West constituency. Thornaby was enveloped into Teesside County Borough from 1974 and has not been part of the associated seats otherwise. [3]

Second creation – current

The seat was recreated on similar boundaries to those which existed immediately before 1918.

Results of the winning party

The 2015 result made the seat the 36-safest of Labour's 232 seats by percentage of majority. [4]

Since the constituency's re-creation in 1974, Middlesbrough has elected the Labour Party's candidate as its MP. [n 3] In areas formerly part of Middlesbrough East, the MPs elected have been Labour since 1935. [n 4]

Middlesbrough West took in rural and semi-rural areas outside the borough to the west, and was a marginal seat passing three times between the two largest parties after the Second World War, but a Liberal stronghold from 1918 until 1945; former soldier and iron and steel merchant Trevelyan Thomson ran unopposed at the polls for re-election in 1924.

Opposition parties

The 2012 by-election and 2015 general election saw UKIP finish second. [5] The Liberal Democrats fielded second-placed candidates in 2005 and 2010. The Conservatives did in all elections between the seat's revival and 2001, and returned to second place in 2017. The Green Party outpolled the Liberal Democrats in 2015 in a field of five parties' candidates standing — the two parties failed to achieve 5% of votes cast leading them to forfeit their deposits.

Turnout

Turnout has ranged between 70.1% in 1987 and 48.8% in 2005.

Boundaries

Middlesbrough (UK Parliament constituency)
Map of 2010–2024 boundaries

1868–1885: The township of Linthorpe, and so much of the townships of Middlesbrough, Ormesby, and Eston as lie to the north of the road leading from Eston towards Yarm. [6]

1885–1918: The existing parliamentary borough, and so much of the municipal borough of Middlesbrough as was not already included in the parliamentary borough. [7]

1974–1983: The County Borough of Teesside wards of Berwick Hills, Marton, North Ormesby, St Hilda's, Thorntree, and Tollesby.

1983–1997: The Borough of Middlesbrough wards of Acklam, Beckfield, Beechwood, Berwick Hills, Gresham, Grove Hill, Kirby, Linthorpe, North Ormesby, Pallister, Park, St Hilda's, Southfield, Thorntree, and Westbourne.

1997–2010: The Borough of Middlesbrough wards of Acklam, Ayresome, Beckfield, Beechwood, Berwick Hills, Brookfield, Gresham, Grove Hill, Kader, Kirby, Linthorpe, North Ormesby, Pallister, Park, St Hilda's, Southfield, Thorntree, and Westbourne.

2010–2024: The Borough of Middlesbrough wards of Acklam, Ayresome, Beckfield, Beechwood, Brookfield, Clairville, Gresham, Kader, Grove Hill, Linthorpe, Middlehaven, North Ormesby and Brambles Farm, Pallister Park, Thorntree, and University.

The boundaries of the constituency were loosely based on the pre-1968 County Borough of Middlesbrough boundaries; the exclusions are its Easterside and Park End Wards, instead in Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland.

2024: Constituency was abolished as a result of 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies.

Constituency profile

The constituency was mostly the urban city itself, largely in the sunset of its once world-leading steelmaking output. It suffers high unemployment and its adult population has mostly a low income; however, with modern advanced engineering, design and tourism, the city forms with nearby Redcar a bellwether for the North East region's economy firmly in the British forefront of a determined return to increasing national output. [8] In November 2012, male and female unemployment (based on the more up-to-date claimant statistics) placed Middlesbrough topmost of 29 constituencies in the region, well ahead for example the City of Durham at the bottom of the list, with just 3.4% claimants whereas this area had 9.4% claimants. [9]

In terms of housing stock, the authority is one of few authorities to see the proportion of detached and semi-detached homes increase (to 13.6% and 39.9%), in this instance this was coupled with a similar rise in flats to 11.9%, all at a loss to the share of terraced properties, down 4.7%. [10]

Members of Parliament

MPs 1868–1918

YearMember [11] Party
1868 Henry Bolckow Liberal
1878 Isaac Wilson
1892 Havelock Wilson Ind. Labour
1893 Lib-Lab
1900 Samuel Sadler Conservative
1906 Havelock Wilson Liberal
1910 Penry Williams
1918 Constituency abolished

MPs 1974–2024

ElectionMember [11] Party
Feb 1974 Arthur Bottomley Labour
1983 Stuart Bell
2012 by-election Andy McDonald [n 5]
2024 Constituency abolished

Election results 1974–2024

Elections in the 1970s

General election February 1974: Middlesbrough
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Arthur Bottomley 27,324 66.3
Conservative Geoffrey Dickens 13,91533.7
Majority 13,40932.6
Turnout 41,23969.4
Labour win (new seat)
General election October 1974: Middlesbrough
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Arthur Bottomley 22,791 61.8 −4.5
Conservative Edward Leigh 8,98424.4−9.3
Liberal Chris Foote Wood5,08013.8N/A
Majority 13,80737.4+4.8
Turnout 36,85561.2−8.2
Labour hold Swing
General election 1979: Middlesbrough
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Arthur Bottomley 24,872 56.2 −5.6
Conservative C Fenwick13,46330.4+6.0
Liberal Peter Freitag4,0239.1−4.7
Workers Revolutionary M Simpson1,0182.3N/A
Independent Labour J Wilcox8612.0N/A
Majority 11,40925.8−11.6
Turnout 44,23767.9+6.7
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1983: Middlesbrough [14]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Stuart Bell 21,220 50.7
Conservative Lucille Campey11,55127.6
Liberal David Sanders8,87121.2
Workers Revolutionary M.A. Simpson2070.5
Majority 9,66923.1
Turnout 41,84966.4
Labour win (new boundaries)
General election 1987: Middlesbrough [15]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Stuart Bell 25,747 59.7 +9.0
Conservative Robert Orr-Ewing10,78925.0−2.6
Liberal Philip Hawley6,59415.3−5.9
Majority 14,95834.7+11.6
Turnout 43,13071.0+4.6
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1992: Middlesbrough [16] [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Stuart Bell 26,343 64.1 +4.4
Conservative Paul R. Rayner10,55925.7+0.7
Liberal Democrats Rosamund Jordan4,20110.2−5.1
Majority 15,78438.4+3.7
Turnout 41,10369.8−1.2
Labour hold Swing +1.9
General election 1997: Middlesbrough [18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Stuart Bell 32,925 71.4
Conservative Liam Benham7,90717.2
Liberal Democrats Alison Charlesworth3,9348.5
Referendum Robert Edwards1,3312.9
Majority 25,01854.2
Turnout 46,09765.0
Labour win (new boundaries)

Elections in the 2000s

General election 2001: Middlesbrough [19]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Stuart Bell 22,783 67.6 −3.8
Conservative Alex Finn6,45319.1+1.9
Liberal Democrats Keith Miller3,51210.4+1.9
Socialist Alliance Geoffrey Kerr-Morgan5771.7N/A
Socialist Labour Kai Andersen3921.2N/A
Majority 16,33048.5−5.7
Turnout 33,71749.8−15.2
Labour hold Swing
General election 2005: Middlesbrough [20]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Stuart Bell 18,562 57.8 −9.8
Liberal Democrats Joe Michna5,99518.7+8.3
Conservative Caroline Flynn-Macleod5,26316.4−2.7
BNP Ron Armes8192.5N/A
UKIP Michael Landers7682.4N/A
Independent Jackie Elder5031.6N/A
Independent Derrick Arnott2300.7N/A
Majority 12,56739.1−9.4
Turnout 32,14048.8−1.0
Labour hold Swing −9.0

Elections in the 2010s

General election 2010: Middlesbrough [21] [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Stuart Bell 15,351 45.9
Liberal Democrats Chris Foote-Wood6,66219.9
Conservative John Walsh 6,28318.8
Independent Joan McTigue1,9695.9
BNP Michael Ferguson1,9545.8
UKIP Robert Parker1,2363.7
Majority 8,68926.0
Turnout 33,45551.4
Labour win (new boundaries)
2012 Middlesbrough by-election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Andy McDonald 10,201 60.5 +14.6
UKIP Richard Elvin1,99011.8+8.1
Liberal Democrats George Selmer1,6729.9−10.0
Conservative Ben Houchen 1,0636.3−12.5
Peace Imdad Hussain1,0606.3N/A
BNP Peter Foreman3281.9−3.9
TUSC John Malcolm2771.6N/A
IndependentMark Heslehurst2751.6N/A
Majority 8,21148.7+22.7
Turnout 16,866
Labour hold Swing
General election 2015: Middlesbrough [23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Andy McDonald 18,584 56.8 +10.9
UKIP Nigel Baker6,10718.7+15.0
Conservative Simon Clarke 5,38816.5−2.3
Green Hannah Graham1,4074.3N/A
Liberal Democrats Richard Kilpatrick1,2203.7−16.2
Majority 12,47738.1+12.1
Turnout 32,70652.9+1.5
Labour hold Swing −2.0
General election 2017: Middlesbrough [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Andy McDonald 23,404 65.7 +8.9
Conservative Jacob Young 9,53126.7+10.2
UKIP David Hodgson1,4524.1−14.6
IndependentTerry Lawton6321.8N/A
Liberal Democrats Dawud Islam3681.0−2.7
Green Carl Martinez2500.7−3.6
Majority 13,87339.0+0.9
Turnout 35,63758.3+5.4
Labour hold Swing −0.7
General election 2019: Middlesbrough [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Andy McDonald 17,207 50.5 −15.2
Conservative Ruth Betson8,81225.8−0.9
Independent Antony High4,54813.3N/A
Brexit Party Faye Clements2,1686.4N/A
Liberal Democrats Thomas Crawford8162.4+1.4
Green Hugh Alberti5461.6+0.9
Majority 8,39524.7−14.3
Turnout 34,09756.1−2.2
Labour hold Swing −7.2

Election results 1868–1918

Elections in the 1860s

General election 1868: Middlesbrough [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Henry Bolckow Unopposed
Registered electors 5,196
Liberal win (new seat)

Elections in the 1870s

General election 1874: Middlesbrough [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Henry Bolckow 3,719 59.4
Lib-Lab John Kane 1,54124.6
Conservative William Randolph Innes Hopkins [27] 99615.9
Majority 2,17834.8
Turnout 6,25670.6
Registered electors 8,862
Liberal hold Swing
By-election 5 July 1878: Middlesbrough [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Isaac Wilson 5,307 68.7 +9.3
Conservative Samuel Sadler 2,41531.3+15.4
Majority 2,89237.4+2.6
Turnout 7,72265.3−5.3
Registered electors 11,824
Liberal hold Swing +1.4

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1880: Middlesbrough [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Isaac Wilson 4,515 61.7 +2.3
Conservative Samuel Sadler 1,62622.2+6.3
Lib-Lab Edward Dillon Lewis [28] 1,17116.0−8.6
Majority 2,88939.5+4.7
Turnout 7,31268.7−1.9
Registered electors 10,641
Liberal hold Swing +2.4
Dixon Sir Raylton Dixon00.jpg
Dixon
General election 1885: Middlesbrough [29] [30] [31]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Isaac Wilson 6,961 63.3 +1.6
Conservative Raylton Dixon 4,03536.7+14.5
Majority 2,92626.6−12.9
Turnout 10,99679.3+10.6
Registered electors 13,864
Liberal hold Swing −6.5
General election 1886: Middlesbrough [29] [30]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Isaac Wilson Unopposed
Liberal hold

Elections in the 1890s

Wilson 1895 Havelock Wilson.jpg
Wilson
Robson 1895 William Robson.jpg
Robson
General election 1892: Middlesbrough [29] [30]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Independent Labour Havelock Wilson 4,691 38.8
Liberal William Robson 4,06233.6
Liberal Unionist Hugh Bell 3,33327.6
Majority 6295.2
Turnout 12,08679.6
Registered electors 15,192
Independent Labour gain from Liberal Swing
General election 1895: Middlesbrough [29] [30] [32]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Lib-Lab Havelock Wilson 6,755 58.8 +20.0
Conservative Samuel Sadler 4,73541.2+13.6
Majority 2,02017.6
Turnout 11,49076.2−3.4
Registered electors 15,077
Lib-Lab gain from Independent Labour Swing

Elections in the 1900s

Sadler Samuel Sadler MP.jpg
Sadler
General election 1900: Middlesbrough [29] [30] [32]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Samuel Sadler 6,760 50.2 +9.0
Lib-Lab Havelock Wilson 6,70549.8−9.0
Majority 550.4
Turnout 13,46577.8+1.6
Registered electors 17,307
Conservative gain from Lib-Lab Swing +9.0
Wilson Havelock Wilson.jpg
Wilson
General election 1906: Middlesbrough [29] [30]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Lib-Lab Havelock Wilson 9,271 52.6 +2.8
Conservative Samuel Sadler 6,86439.0−11.2
Independent Labour George Lansbury 1,4848.4N/A
Majority 2,40713.6
Turnout 17,61986.7+8.9
Registered electors 20,322
Lib-Lab gain from Conservative Swing +7.0

Elections in the 1910s

Walls Patrick Walls.png
Walls
General election January 1910: Middlesbrough [29] [33]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Penry Williams 9,670 50.5 −2.1
Conservative Arthur Charles Dorman6,75635.3−3.7
Labour Patrick Walls 2,71014.2N/A
Majority 2,91415.2+1.6
Turnout 19,13688.0+1.3
Registered electors 21,756
Liberal hold Swing +0.8
General election December 1910: Middlesbrough [29] [33]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Penry Williams 10,313 61.1 +10.6
Conservative Thomas Gibson Poole6,56838.9+3.6
Majority 3,74522.2+7.0
Turnout 16,88177.6−10.4
Registered electors 21,756
Liberal hold Swing +3.5

General Election 1914–15:

A General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

See also

Notes

  1. A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
  2. As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.
  3. Middlesbrough was revived for the February 1974 general election
  4. Middlesbrough East contributed more than half of its former area to the modern boundaries (as variously drawn after 1974)
  5. In October 2023, McDonald was suspended from the Labour parliamentary party, after appearing at a pro-Palestine rally and stating: "We won't rest until we have justice, until all people, Israelis and Palestinians, between the river and the sea can live in peaceful liberty", which included a reference to the phrase "from the river to the sea"; the party described McDonald's comment as "deeply offensive". [12] [13]

References

  1. "England Parliamentary electorates 2010–2018". Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  2. "The 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries in England – Volume one: Report – North East". Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  3. Thornaby MB – units covering this place A Vision of Britain history website; University of Portsmouth and others. Retrieved 17 April 2017
  4. "Labour Members of Parliament 2015". UK Political.info. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018.
  5. "General Election Results from the Electoral Commission".
  6. "Representation of the People Act 1867" (PDF). p. 23. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  7. "Chap. 23. Redistribution of Seats Act, 1885". The Public General Acts of the United Kingdom passed in the forty-eighth and forty-ninth years of the reign of Queen Victoria. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode. 1885. pp.  111–198.
  8. Constituency Profile The Guardian
  9. Unemployment statistics The Guardian
  10. "2011 census interactive maps". Archived from the original on 29 January 2016.
  11. 1 2 Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "M" (part 2)
  12. Boffey, Daniel (31 October 2023). "'From the river to the sea': where does the slogan come from and what does it mean?". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  13. Gutteridge, Nick (30 October 2023). "Labour MP Andy McDonald suspended over 'between the river and the sea' speech". The Daily Telegraph . ISSN   0307-1235. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  14. "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  15. "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  16. "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  17. "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  18. "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  19. "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  20. "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  21. "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  22. "UK > England > North East > Middlesbrough". Election 2010. BBC. 7 May 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
  23. "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  24. "Election 2017: Middlesbrough". BBC. 17 May 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  25. "Election of a Member of Parliament for Middlesbrough" (PDF). Middlesbrough Council. 15 November 2019. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
  26. 1 2 3 4 Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN   978-1-349-02349-3.
  27. "Latest Market News" . Newcastle Courant. 9 February 1874. p. 8. Retrieved 6 January 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  28. "Middlesbrough" . Darlington & Stockton Times, Ripon & Richmond Chronicle. 20 March 1880. p. 5. Retrieved 4 December 2017 via British Newspaper Archive.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, FWS Craig
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Liberal Year Book, 1907
  31. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886
  32. 1 2 Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
  33. 1 2 Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916

Sources