NGC 1358

NGC 1358
Image of NGC 1358
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Eridanus
Right ascension	03h 33m 39.7s [1]
Declination	−05° 05′ 22″ [1]
Redshift	0.0134
Heliocentric radial velocity	4,002 km/s
Distance	190 Mly [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)	12.78 [3]
Apparent magnitude  (B)	13.20 [3]
Characteristics
Type	SB0ar [1]
Other designations
LEDA 13182, 2MASX J03333970-0505224, IRAS F03311-0515 [3]

NGC 1358 is a barred lenticular galaxy with ring features located in the constellation Eridanus, approximately 190 million light-years (58.2 megaparsecs) from Earth. It is classified as a Seyfert 2 galaxy, characterized by its active galactic nucleus (AGN) powered by a supermassive black hole and exhibiting strong X-ray and infrared emissions. It was discovered by astronomer John Herschel on 1 December 1837 during his observations from the Cape of Good Hope. ^{[4] [3] [1] [5]}

Characteristics

The galaxy is notable for its Compton-thick obscuration, where the central galactic core is heavily veiled by gas and dust with column densities exceeding 10²⁴ atoms/cm². Multi-epoch monitoring with telescopes like NuSTAR and XMM-Newton has revealed variability in its X-ray absorption, linked to AGN feeding and feedback processes. ^{[6] [7] [8]}

Environment

The galaxy is often imaged alongside NGC 1355. ^[9]

Research

Recent observations (as of 2024) using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have provided high-resolution O III and continuum images, enabling detailed studies of the narrow-line region (NLR) and its kinematics. Research published has explored the extents, geometries, and kinematics of the NLR in Seyfert galaxies like NGC 1358, identifying signatures of AGN-driven outflows. High ionization line images from the OASIS spectrograph and follow-up observations with Chandra and NuSTAR have further characterized the nuclear activity and obscuration. The galaxy’s environment, including potential interactions with nearby galaxies like NGC 1355, has been studied to understand its evolutionary context. Analysis of its globular cluster system and outer ring structures suggests a complex formation history. ^{[10] [11] [12]}

References

1. "The Sky Live". NGC 1358 - Lenticular Galaxy in Eridanus. Retrieved 2025-04-27.
2. "By Name | NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2025-10-01.
3. "In-The-Sky.org". NGC1358 (Galaxy). Retrieved 2025-04-27.
4. "Simbad - Object view". simbad.cds.unistra.fr. Retrieved 2025-10-01.
5. "By Name | NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2025-10-01.
6. Allan, Schnorr-Müller; Thaisa, Storchi-Bergmann; M., Nagar, Neil; Andrew, Robinson; Davide, Lena (2017-11-11). "Gas inflows towards the nucleus of NGC 1358". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (4). doi:10.1093/mnra (inactive 1 October 2025). ISSN   0035-8711. Archived from the original on 2024-04-19.
7. Marchesi, S.; Zhao, X.; Torres-Albà, N.; Ajello, M.; Gaspari, M.; Pizzetti, A.; Buchner, J.; Bertola, E.; Comastri, A.; Feltre, A.; Gilli, R.; Lanzuisi, G.; Matzeu, G.; Pozzi, F.; Salvestrini, F. (2022-08-01). "Compton-thick AGN in the NuSTAR Era. VIII. A joint NuSTAR–XMM-Newton Monitoring of the Changing-look Compton-thick AGN NGC 1358". The Astrophysical Journal. 935 (2): 114. arXiv: 2207.06734 . Bibcode:2022ApJ...935..114M. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac80be . ISSN   0004-637X.
8. Zhao, X.; Marchesi, S.; Ajello, M.; Marcotulli, L.; Gusumano, G.; Parola, V. La; Vignali, C. (2018-11-14), "Compton-thick AGNs in the NuSTAR Era. II. A Deep NuSTAR and XMM-Newton View of the Candidate Compton-thick AGN in NGC 1358", The Astrophysical Journal, 870 (2): 60, arXiv: 1811.06027 , doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaf1a0
9. "Galaxy Morphology - Ronald J. Buta". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2025-10-01.
10. "NLR-AGN". MAST. Retrieved 2025-10-01.
12. Koulouridis, E.; Plionis, M.; Chavushyan, V.; Dultzin, D.; Krongold, Y.; Georgantopoulos, I.; León-Tavares, J. (2013-04-01). "Activity of the Seyfert galaxy neighbours". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 552: A135. arXiv: 1111.4084 . Bibcode:2013A&A...552A.135K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219606. ISSN   0004-6361.