Solnhofen Limestone | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Kimmeridgian-Tithonian [1] [2] | |
Type | Geological formation |
Underlies | Usseltal Formation |
Overlies | Treuchtlingen Formation |
Lithology | |
Primary | Lithographic limestone [1] |
Other | Slate, Dolomite, Flint |
Location | |
Region | Bavaria |
Country | Germany |
Type section | |
Named for | Solnhofen |
Facies map of the Solnhofen Archipelago of southern Germany |
The Solnhofen Limestone or Solnhofen Plattenkalk is a collective term for multiple Late Jurassic lithographic limestones in southeastern Germany, which is famous for its well preserved fossil flora and fauna dating to the late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian). The paleoenvironment is also often referred to as the Solnhofen Archipelago. The Solnhofen Archipelago was located at the northern edge of the Tethys Ocean as part of a shallow epicontinental sea and is firmly a part of the Mediterranean realm. [3]
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chimaeropsis [4] | C. paradoxa | Solnhofen, Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | Fragmentary cranial remains and one complete specimen [5] | Holotype destroyed in WW2 airraid [4] | |
Ischyodus [5] | I. egertoni | Eichstätt, Wattendorf | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | Multiple complete specimens | ||
I. quenstedti | May be a junior synonym of I. egertoni | |||||
Elasmodectes [5] | E. avitus | Eichstätt, Blumenberg, Wintershof | Altmühltal Formation | Multiple complete specimens | ||
Chimaerotheca [4] | C. schernfeldensis | Egg capsules of an unknown chimaera |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hybodus (Egertonodus?) [5] | H. fraasi | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | Almost complete but poorly preserved specimen | ||
Asteracanthus [5] | A. ornatissimus | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | Single almost complete specimen of a 2 meter long female | ||
Strophodus [5] | S. sp | Mühlheim | Mörnsheim Formation | Articulated set of jaws and teeth |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sphenodus [5] | S. nitidus | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | Incomplete skeletal remains and isolated teeth | ||
S. macer | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | Incomplete skeletal remains and isolated teeth | |||
Synechodus [5] | S. ungeri | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | Almost complete skeleton and isolated teeth | ||
Paraorthacodus [5] | P. jurensis | Haunsfeld, Blumenberg, Schernfeld, Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | Several complete specimens | ||
Macrourogaleous [5] | M. hassei | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | Several complete specimens |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asterodermus [5] | A. platypterus | Solnhofen, Kelheim, Blumenberg, Birkhof | Altmühltal Formation | Several complete specimens | ||
Spathobatis [5] | S. bugesiacus | Eichstätt, Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | Several complete specimens | ||
Rajitheca [5] | R. sp | Several specimens in private collections | Egg capsules of Batomorphs |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paracestracion [5] | P. falcifer | Solnhofen? Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | Complete skeleton, potentially more specimens | ||
P. viohli | Schamhaupten | Torleite Formation | Single incomplete skeleton | |||
P. danieli | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | Single incomplete skeleton | |||
Heterodontus [5] | H. zitteli | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | Single complete skeleton lacking teeth, several other specimens may be referrable |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phorcynis [5] | P. catulina | Eichstätt, Zandt, Blumenberg | Altmühltal Formation | Several skeletons | ||
Palaeorectolobus [5] | P. agomphius | Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation | One incomplete specimen |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bavariscyllium [5] | B. tischlingeri | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | Several complete specimens | ||
Palaeoscyllium [5] | P. formosum | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | Several complete specimens | ||
Scyliorhinotheca [5] | S. sp | egg capsule of a catshark |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Palaeocarcharias [5] | P. stromeri | Eichstätt, Kelheim, Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | Several complete specimens |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crassodontidanus [5] | C. serranus | Eichstätt, Daiting | Altmühltal Formation | Isolated Teeth | ||
Notidanoides [5] | N. muensteri | Eichstätt, Daiting | Altmühltal Formation | Isolated teeth, one almost complete skeleton was presumably destroyed during WW2 | Another incomplete skeleton of the Genus is known from the Nusplingen limestone |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pseudorhina [5] | P. acanthoderma | Altmühltal Formation | Several complete specimens | |||
P. alifera | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | Several complete specimens |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Protospinax [5] | P. annectans | Solnhofen, Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | Several complete specimens |
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. bucklandi [6] | Eichstätt, Blumenberg | Altmühltal Formation | Several complete Specimens | |||
C. solnhofensis [7] | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arduafrons [8] | A. prominoris | Blumenberg, Wintershof, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | Several complete specimens | ||
Apomesodon [9] | A. comosus | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | |||
A. sp | Eichstätt, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | ||||
E. gibbosus [10] | Blumenberg, Wintershof, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | Several complete specimens | |||
G. circularis [10] | Eichstätt, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | Dozens of complete specimens | |||
G. hexagonus [10] | Solnhofen, Eichstätt, Painten, Schamhaupten, Brunn | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | Dozens of complete specimens | |||
M. verrucosus [10] | Eichstätt, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | Several complete specimens | |||
M. heckeli [10] | ||||||
M. macropterus [10] | Kelheim | Torleite Formation | ||||
Piranhamesodon [11] | P. pinnatomus [11] | Ettling | Singular partial skeleton | |||
P. elegans [10] | Eichstätt. Ettling | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | Dozens of complete specimens | |||
P. formosus [10] | ||||||
P. bernardi [12] | Schamhaupten, Ettling, Painten | Torleite Formation | Several complete specimens | |||
Turbomesodon [13] | T. relegans | Eichstätt, Ettling | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | |||
Turboscinetes [12] | T. egertoni | Ettling | ||||
Thiollierepycnodus [14] | T. wagneri | Wattendorf | Torleite Formation |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
" Lepidotes " [15] | "L." decoratus | |||||
"L." intermedius | ||||||
"L." oblongus | ||||||
"L." pustulosus | ||||||
"L." subovatus | ||||||
"L." unguiculatus | ||||||
Scheenstia [16] | S. maximus [16] | |||||
S. decoratus | ||||||
S. zappi [17] | Schamhaupten | Torleite Formation | Single almost complete specimen | |||
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Callipurbeckia | C. notopterus [16] | |||||
Macrosemimimus [18] | M. fegerti | Ettling | Multiple complete specimens |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H. oberndorferi [19] | Kelheim | Torleite Formation | Two incomplete specimens | |||
M. rostratus [19] | Eichstätt, Solnhofen, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | Dozens of complete specimens | |||
M. fourneti | Brunn | Torleite Formation | One complete specimen | |||
N. decoratus [19] | ||||||
N. denticulatus | Eichstätt, Schamhaupten, Painten, Brunn, Ettling? | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | Dozens of complete specimens | |||
Palaeomacrosemius [20] | P. thiollieri | Eichstätt, Solnhofen, Ettling | Altmühltal Formation | Several complete specimens | ||
P. elongatus [19] | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | Several complete specimens | |||
P. microstomus [19] | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | Several complete specimens | |||
E. beatae [19] | ||||||
Voelklichthys [21] | V. comitatus | Painten | Torleite Formation | Singular specimen |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H. latus [22] | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ainia [23] | A. agassizi | Brunn | Torleite Formation | |||
Altmuehlfuro [24] | A. boomerang | |||||
Brachyichthys [25] | B. radiato-puncatus | |||||
B. typicus | ||||||
I. cyprinoides [25] | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
I. desori | Zandt | Torleite Formation | ||||
I. esocinus [25] | ||||||
I. münsteri [25] | ||||||
I. striatissimus [25] | ||||||
"Furo" [26] | "F." angustus | Solnhofen, Schamhaupten, Zandt | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | |||
"F." longiserratus | Eichstätt, Solnhofen, Kelheim, Zandt | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | ||||
"F." latimanus | Solnhofen, Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
Ophiopsis [27] | O. muensteri | Kelheim, Brunn, Ettling | ||||
Ophiopsiella [27] | O. attenuata | |||||
O. breviceps | ||||||
O. procera | ||||||
Schernfeldfuro [26] | S. uweelleri | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | |||
Zandtfuro [26] | Z. tischlingeri | Zandt | Torleite Formation | |||
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amblysemius [28] | A. bellicianus | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | |||
A. pachyurus | ||||||
"A." granulatus | Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
Caturus [28] | C. furcatus | Kelheim, Solnhofen, Ettling, Wattendorf? | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | |||
"C." macrurus | Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
"C." latus | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
"C." granulatus | Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
"C." ferox | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
" Furo" [29] | "F." microlepidotus | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | |||
Strobilodus [28] | S. giganteus | Painten | Torleite Formation | |||
Liodesmus [25] | L. gracilis | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | |||
L. sprattiformis | Solnhofen, Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
Lophiurus ? | L. minutus | |||||
Amiopsis [25] | A. lepidota | Eichstätt, Solnhofen, Ettling | Altmühltal Formation | |||
Solnhofenamia [25] | S. elongata | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P. laevissima [30] | Daiting, Painten | Mörnsheim Formation, Torleite Formation | ||||
P. pompecki [30] | ||||||
P. wagneri [30] | ||||||
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. titanius [31] | Eichstätt, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | ||||
H. insignis [31] | Obereichstätt, Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
H. macrodon [31] | ||||||
Leedsichthys ? | L. sp | |||||
O. cornutus [31] | Birkhof, Blumenberg, Schernfeld | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
O. roeperi | Brunn | Torleite Formation | ||||
O. teyleri? | Schamhaupten | Torleite Formation | ||||
P. retrodorsalis [32] | Langenaltheim | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
Pachycormidae | Indeterminate | Wattendorf | Torleite Formation | Giant skull fragment of a presumably 4 meter long pachycormid | ||
S. longimanus [31] | Eichstätt, Blumenberg | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
S. depressus [31] | Blumenberg, Schernfeld, Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
Simocormus [33] | S. macrolepidotus | Solnhofen, Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | |||
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. acutirostris [34] | Eichstätt, Zandt, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | ||||
A. ornatissimus | ||||||
A. sanzenbacheri | Ettling, Painten? | Torleite Formation | ||||
Belonostomus [34] | B. kochi | Kelheim, Ettling | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation? | |||
B. muensteri [34] | Daiting, Mühlheim, Solnhofen, Langenaltheim, Zandt, Schamhaupten | Mörnsheim Formation, Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | ||||
B. tenuirostris [34] | Solnhofen, Zandt, Langenaltheim | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | ||||
B. speciosus | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
B. spyraenoides | Eichstätt, Schernfeld, Wintershof | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indeterminate. [35] | ||||||
E. speciosus [35] | Eichstätt, Painten, Zandt | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | ||||
P. micronyx [35] | ||||||
P. ovatus [35] | Ettling | |||||
"P." armatus [35] | ||||||
"P." diagonalis [35] | ||||||
"P." falcifer [35] | ||||||
"P." microps [35] | ||||||
"P." sculptus [35] | ||||||
"P." latimanus | ||||||
"P." latus | ||||||
"P." longiserratus | ||||||
"P." smilis | ||||||
Siemensichthys [36] | S. macrocephalus | Kapfelberg | Altmühltal Formation | |||
S. siemensi | Schamhaupten | Torleite Formation | ||||
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bavarichthys | B. incognitus | Ettling | Torleite Formation? | Single complete skeleton | The oldest record of a crossognathiform in Europe |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. mesogaster [37] | ||||||
A. salmoneus [37] | Eichstätt, Painten, brunn | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | ||||
Ascalabothrissops [38] | A. voelkli | Schamhaupten | Torleite Formation | |||
P. propterus [37] | Kelheim, Zandt, Ettling | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | ||||
T. formosus [37] | Eichstätt, Kelheim, Mühlheim, Ettling | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation, Mörnsheim Formation | ||||
T. subovatus [37] | Eichstätt, Kelheim, Ettling | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation? | ||||
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anaethalion [39] | "A." angustissimus | Eichstätt, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | |||
A. angustus | Langenaltheim, Eichstätt, Schernfeld | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
A. knorri | ||||||
A. subovatus | ||||||
A. zapporum | Schamhaupten | Torleite Formation | ||||
Daitingichthys [39] | D. tischlingeri | Daiting | Mörnsheim Formation | |||
Eichstaettia [39] | E. mayri | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | |||
Elopsomolos [38] | E. frickhingeri | Blumenberg | Altmühltal Formation | |||
E. sp 1 | ||||||
E. sp 2 | ||||||
E. sp 3 |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ascalabos [40] | A. voithii | Eichstätt, Schernfeld | Altmühltal Formation | |||
Tischlingerichthys [41] | T. viohli | |||||
Tharsis [42] | T. dubius | Eichstätt, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | |||
T. elleri | Schernfeld | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
T. sp | Wattendorf | Torleite Formation | ||||
Ebertichthys [40] | E. ettlingensis | Ettling | Torleite Formation? | |||
L. haerteisi [43] | Zandt, Schamhaupten | Torleite Formation | ||||
L. sprattiformis [43] | Solnhofen, Eichstätt, Kelheim, Langenaltheim, Schernfeld, Blumenberg | Altmühltal Formation | Multiple Mass mortality plates of this species are known. It represents the most common vertebrate of the Solnhofen limestone. | |||
O. hoelli [43] | Ettling | Torleite Formation? | ||||
O. leichi [43] | Ettling | Torleite Formation? | ||||
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. bavaricum | Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
C. gigas | Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
C. suevicum | ||||||
C. nudum | Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
Libys [44] | L. polypterus | Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation | |||
L. superbus | Zandt | Torleite Formation | ||||
Undina [44] | U. acutidens | Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation | |||
U. penicillata | Kelheim, Painten, Wattendorf | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | ||||
Macropoma [44] | M. willemoesi | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | |||
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Name | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. brevipes | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | Small Lepidosaur thought to be close to the base of Geckota [45] | |||
A. digitatellus | Solnhofen, Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
B. macrodactylus | Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
Palaeolacerta [45] | P. bavarica | |||||
E. schroederi | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
Schoenesmahl [45] | S. dyspepsia | Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation | Bavariasaurid lizard that was found in the stomach of the Compsognathus Holotype [45] | ||
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H. maximillioni | Eichstätt, Painten, Schamhaupten, Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | ||||
Sapheosaurus | S. laticeps | Eichstätt, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | Large sapheosaurid reaching 70 cm in length, it may be semi-aquatic | ||
Sphenofontis [23] | S. velseraegen | Brunn | Torleite Formation | |||
Kallimodon | K. pulchellus | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | Sapheosauridae | ||
Oenosaurus | O. muehlheimensis | Mühlheim | Mörnsheim Formation | Rhynchocephalian with dentition unique among Tetrapods [46] | ||
Vadasaurus | V. herzogi | Painten | Torleite Formation | Rhynchocephalian close to the base of Pleurosauridae [47] | ||
Piocormus | P. laticeps | Painten? | Torleite Formation | |||
P. goldfussi | Eichstätt, Langenaltheim, Painten, Mühlheim, Wattendorf | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation, Mörnsheim Formation | Acrosaurus fischmanni is a synonym. [48] |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. leptospondylus | Eichstätt, Solnhofen [50] | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
A. sp [51] | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
Ichthyosauria | Indeterminate | Painten | Torleite Formation | |||
Ichthyosauria | Indeterminate | Painten | Torleite Formation | |||
" Ichthyosaurus " | Eichstätt, Kelheim, Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | Nomen dubium . Known only from isolated teeth. | |||
Nannopterygius ? | N. sp | Daiting | Mörnsheim Formation | |||
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Achelonia [52] | A. formosa | Wattendorf | Torleite Formation | |||
C. temnospondyla | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
E. wagleri | Solnhofen, Kelheim, Painten, Wattendorf | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | ||||
I. fitzingeri | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
P. testa | Kelheim, Eichstätt, Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | Eurysternum crassipes and Thalassemys marina are synonyms. | |||
P. oberndorferi | Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation | Platychelyid sea turtle | |||
S. parsonsi | Eichstätt, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | ||||
Tropidemys [52] | T. langii | Wattendorf | Torleite Formation | |||
Thalassemys [55] | T. bruntrutana | Wattendorf | Torleite Formation | |||
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aeolodon [56] | A. priscus | Daiting | Mörnsheim Formation | Two partial skeletons | A teleosaur | |
A. bavaricus | Eichstätt, Kelheim, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim Formation | Partial skeleton [58] | An atoposaurid | ||
Atoposaurus [57] | A. oberndorferi | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | An atoposaurid | ||
Cricosaurus [59] | C. albersdoerferi | Painten | Torleite Formation | Complete skeleton preserving soft tissue | ||
C. bambergensis | Wattendorf | Torleite Formation | One almost complete skeleton | |||
C. elegans | Eichstätt, Solnhofen, Daiting | Altmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim Formation | Skull and vertebrae (NHM 43005) [60] Partial skull (NHM 37006 [60] ) | |||
C. rauhuti | Mühlheim | Mörnsheim Formation | Partial 3D skull | |||
Crocodilaemus | C. sp | Brunn | Torleite Formation | Complete skeleton of a juvenile | ||
D. maximus | Eichstätt, Schernfeld, Schamhaupten, Painten, Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | Isolated teeth (JME-SOS4577, JME-SOS2535 [60] ) [62] | A metriorhynchid | ||
G. giganteus | Solnhofen, Daiting | Altmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim Formation | Skull and mandible (NHM 37020) [63] Isolated tooth (NHM 37016) [63] | A metriorhynchid | ||
G. grandis | Daiting | Mörnsheim Formation | ||||
R. gracilis | Eichstätt, Zandt, Daiting | Altmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim Formation, Torleite Formation | Skull and skeleton (NHM R.3948) [63] [60] | A metriorhynchid | ||
Machimosaurus | M. sp | Mühlheim | Mörnsheim Formation | Isolated teeth | ||
" Steneosaurus " | "S." jugleri | |||||
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Archaeopteryx [64] | A. albersdoerferi [65] | Daiting | Mörnsheim Formation | Parts of the skull and wings | ||
A. siemensii [66] | Langenaltheim, Workerszell | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
A. lithographica [64] | Langenaltheim, Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | ||||
Alcmonavis [67] | A. poeschli | Mühlheim | Mörnsheim Formation | Partial wing | ||
C. longipes [64] | Kelheim (Goldberg) | Altmühltal Formation | Complete skeleton | Stomach contents are preserved in the form of the lizard Schoenesmahl. A second specimen of the genus is known from the French Canjuers Lagerstätte | ||
Juravenator [68] | J. starki | Schamhaupten | Torleite Formation | Single complete skeleton with soft tissue | ||
Ostromia [69] | O. crassipes | Jachenhausen | Torleite Formation | Partial limb bones | ||
Sciurumimus [70] | S. albersdoerferi | Painten | Torleite Formation | Complete skeleton of a juvenile preserving soft tissue |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. scolopaciceps | Formerly classified as a species of Pterodactylus, closely related to Ardeadactylus, Aurorazhdarcho, and Cycnorhamphus. [71] | |||||
A. ammoni | The holotype consists of a partial skeleton, while the second specimen is represented by a perfectly preserved juvenile including soft tissue. | |||||
A. longicollum | The holotype was destroyed in a WW2 air raid, but another more complete specimen is known from the Nusplingen limestone. | Formerly considered a species of Pterodactylus, it is more closely related to Gnathosaurus and Germanodactylus. [72] | ||||
Altmuehlopterus [73] | A. rhamphastinus | |||||
A. micronyx | ||||||
Bellubrunnus [75] | B. rothgaengeri | Brunn | Torleite Formation | Single complete skeleton of a juvenile | ||
Balaenognathus [76] | B. maeuseri | Wattendorf | Torleite Formation | |||
C. elegans | Originally classified as Pterodactylus elegans | |||||
C. gracile | ||||||
C. sp | Mühlheim | Mörnsheim Formation | Skull and two cervical vertebrae | |||
C. suevicus | Originally classified as Pterodactylus suevicus. This genus originally hails from the Nusplingen Limestone | |||||
Diopecephalus [73] | D. kochi | |||||
G. cristatus | Originally classified as Pterodactylus cristatus | |||||
G. subulatus | ||||||
Gnathosaurinae [23] | Indeterminate | Brunn | Torleite Formation | |||
P. antiquus | Only one species is currently supported as valid, the rest represent growth stages, often of other species, synonyms, or nomina dubia. [77] | |||||
Petrodactyle [78] | P. wellnhoferi | Mühlheim | Mörnsheim Formation | |||
Propterodactylus [79] | P. frankerlae | Ulmense | Painten Formation [80] | A complete skeleton | Notable for its transitional features between pterodactyloids and more basal monofenestratans | |
R. muensteri | Eichstätt, Solnhofen, Painten, Kelheim | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | Only one species is currently supported as valid, the rest represent growth stages, often of other species, synonyms, or nomina dubia. [81] | |||
" Rhamphodactylus " | Indeterminate | Mühlheim | Mörnsheim Formation | |||
S. crassirostris [82] | Eichstätt, Mühlheim | Altmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim Formation | A Solnhofen genus erected in 1861 by J. A. Wagner when he recognized the rhamphorhynchoid nature of "Pterodactylus" crassirostris after the discovery of a specimen with a preserved tail. [82] The Solnhofen Limestone is the only known source of Scaphognathus fossils. [82] S. crassirostris was originally named P. crassirostris in 1831 by August Goldfuss who mistook the tailless specimen for a new Pterodactylus species. [82] |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pliosauridae [83] | Indeterminate | Kelheim, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Torleite Formation | Isolated teeth of great size |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liliocrinus [84] | L. sp | ||||
Millericrinus [84] | M. mespiliformis | ||||
M. nobilis | |||||
Balanocrinus [84] | B. sigmaringensis | ||||
B. subteres | |||||
Pentacrinus [84] | P. cf. pentagonalis | ||||
Comaturella [84] | C. pennata | Solnhofen, Zandt, Langenaltheimer Haardt | Almtühltal Formation, Painten Formation | ||
C. formosa | Zandt | Painten Formation | |||
Solanocrinites [84] | S. costatus | ||||
S. gracilis | |||||
S. imperialis | |||||
Saccocoma [85] | S. pectinata | Saccocoma remains are the most common macroscopic fossils in the Solnhofen limestone. [85] | |||
S. tenella | Eichstätt, Solnhofen, Blumenberg | Altmühltal Formation |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Geocoma [84] | G. carinata | Solnhofen, Zandt | Altmühltal Formation, Painten Formation | ||
G. planata | |||||
Ophiopetra [84] | O. lithographica | Kelheim, Hienheim | Painten Formation | ||
Ophiurella [84] | O. speciosa | Solnhofen, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Painten Formation | ||
Sinosura [84] | S. kelheimense | Hienheim, Ried, Kelheim | Painten Formation |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Archasteropecten [84] | A. elegans | ||||
Lithaster [84] | L. jurassicus | ||||
Pentasteria [84] | P. tithonica | Hienheim | Painten Formation | ||
P. lithographica | Zandt | Painten Formation | |||
Riedaster [84] | R. reicheli | Ried | Painten Formation | ||
Terminaster [84] | T. cancriformis | Böhmfeld | Altmühltal Formation |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diplocidaris [84] | D. sp | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | ||
Rhabdocidaris [84] | R. boehmi | ||||
R. mayri | |||||
R. orbignyana | Brunn, Painten | Torleite Formation, Painten Formation | |||
R. trispinata | |||||
R. sp | Painten | Painten Formation | |||
Plegiocidaris [84] | P. blumenbachii | ||||
P. sp | |||||
Paracidaris [84] | P. sp |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diadematacea [84] | Indeterminate | ||||
Echinothurioidea [84] | Indeterminate | ||||
Polydiadema [84] | P. sp | ||||
Diademopsis [84] | D. sp | ||||
Hemipedina [84] | H. sp | ||||
Pedina [84] | P. lithographica | ||||
P. sp | Painten | Painten Formation | |||
Phymopedina [84] | P. marchamensis | Painten | Painten Formation | ||
P. sp | |||||
Hemicidaris [84] | H. intermedia | Eichstätt, Zandt, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Painten Formation | ||
Acrocidaris [84] | A. sp | ||||
Diplopodia [84] | D. subangularis | ||||
Pseudodiadema [84] | P. lithographica | Ried, Breitenhill | Painten Formation | ||
P. pseudodiadema | |||||
Tetragramma [84] | T. planissima | Painten | Painten Formation |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phymosoma [84] | P. sp | Mörnsheim, Breitenhill | Mörnsheim Formation, Painten Formation | ||
Pseudosalenia [84] | P. aspera | Brunn, Schamhaupten | Painten Formation, Torleite Formation | ||
Pygaster [84] | P. sp | ||||
Holectypus [84] | H. corallinus | ||||
H. sp | |||||
Kieripygurus [84] | K. jurensis | ||||
Pygurus [84] | P. sp | Eichstätt, Kelheim, Schamhaupten, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Painten Formation | ||
Nucleolites [84] | N. sp | Brunn, Kelheim | Painten Formation, Torleite Formation | ||
Collyropsis [84] | C. carinata | ||||
C. sp | |||||
Stomechinus [84] | S. perlatus | Kapfelberg | Altmühltal Formation? |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jumaraina [84] | J. sp | ||||
Achistrum [84] | A. sp | ||||
Hemisphaerantos [84] | H. sp | ||||
Priscopedatus [84] | P. sp | ||||
Synallactidae [84] | Indeterminate |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pseudaganides | P. franconicus | Solnhofen? | Altmühltal Formation | ||
P. sp | Mühlheim | Mörnsheim Formation | |||
Pseudonautilus | P. sp | Mühlheim | Mörnsheim Formation |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phylloceras | P. serum | Daiting | Mörnsheim Formation | ||
Glochiceras | G. cf. lens | ||||
Streblites | S. sp | Eichstätt, Blumenberg | Altmühltal Formation | ||
Fontannesiella | F. prolithographica | Solnhofen, Daiting, Mörnsheim | Altmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim Formation | ||
F. cf. franciscanum | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | |||
F. cf. euglyptum | Langenaltheimer Haardt | Altmühltal Formation | |||
Lingulaticeras | L. planulatum | ||||
L. solenoides | Wegscheid | Altmühltal Formation | |||
L. sp | |||||
Metahaploceras | M. acallopistum | ||||
M. rebouletianum | |||||
M. subnudatum | |||||
Neochetoceras | N. bous | Blumenberg, Birkhof | Altmühltal Formation | ||
N. mucronatum | |||||
N. praecursor | |||||
N. steraspis | Solnhofen, Eichstätt, Hummelberg | Atlmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim Formation | |||
Paralingulaticeras | P. haeberleini | ||||
P. lithographicum | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | |||
P. nodosum | |||||
P. percevali | |||||
Taramelliceras | T. hemipleurum | ||||
Aspidoceras | A. hoplisum | Solnhofen, Wegscheid | Atlmühltal Formation | ||
A .sp | Brunn | Torleite Formation | |||
Physodoceras | P. episoides | ||||
P. hermanni | Brunn | Torleite Formation | |||
P. nattheimense | |||||
P. pipini | |||||
Sutneria | S. apora | Birkhof, Wintershof | Altmühltal Formation | ||
S. bracheri | |||||
S. rebholzi | |||||
S. subeumela | Brunn | Torleite Formation | |||
S. sp | |||||
Hybonotella | H. mundula | Langenaltheimer Haardt | Altmühltal Formation | ||
Hybonoticeras | H. hybonotum | Solnhofen, Blumenberg | Altmühltal Formation | ||
H. pseudohybonotum | |||||
H. sp | |||||
Gravesia | G. gigas | Hienheim, Ried, Wegscheid | Painten Formation | ||
G. sp | |||||
Berckhemeria | B. cf. scherzingeri | ||||
Virgataxioceras | V. setatum | ||||
V. supinum | |||||
V. sp | |||||
Euvirgalithacoceras | E. supremum | Solnhofen, Eichstätt | Atlmühltal Formation | ||
E. eystettense | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | |||
Hoelderia | H. sp | Wintershof | Altmühltal Formation | ||
Lithacoceras | L. eigeltingense | Zandt | Painten Formation | ||
L. eystettense | |||||
L. cf. liptingense | Langenaltheimer Haardt | Altmühltal Formation | |||
L. cf. riedense | |||||
L. cf. ulmense | |||||
L. sp | Schernfeld, Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | |||
Pseudodiscosphinctes | P. ardescicus | ||||
Silisphinctes | S. cf. russi | Zandt | Painten Formation | ||
S. sp | Wegscheid | Altmühltal Formation | |||
Subplanites | S. moernsheimensis | Daiting | Mörnsheim Formation | ||
S. postrueppellianus | Solnhofen, Blumenberg, Wintershof, Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | |||
S. rueppellianus | Solnhofen, Wegscheid | Altmühltal Formation | |||
S. viohli | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | |||
S. laisackerensis | Birkhof | Altmühltal Formation | |||
" Torquatisphinctes " | "S". filiplex | ||||
"S". isolatus | |||||
Aulacostephanus | A. cf. subundorae | Painten | Torleite Formation?, Painten Formation |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acanthoteuthis | A. leichi | ||||
A. speciosa | Solnhofen, Eichstätt, Birkhof | Altmühltal Formation | |||
Belemnoteuthis | B. mayri | Wintershof | Altmühltal Formation | ||
Hibolithes | H. hasatus | Solnhofen, Breitenhill, Painten | Altmühltal Formation, Painten Formation, Torleite Formation | ||
H. semisulcatus | |||||
Pavloteuthis | P. kapitzkei | Wegscheid | Altmühltal Formation | ||
Rhaphibelus | R. acicula | Eichstätt. Blumenberg, Wegscheid | Altmühltal Formation | ||
Winkleriteuthis | W. problematicus | Schernfeld | Altmühltal Formation |
Genus | Species | Locality | Formation | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boreopeltis | B. sagittata | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | ||
Engeseriteuthis [86] | E. arcuatus | Schamhaupten | Painten Formation | ||
Plesioteuthis | P. prisca | Eichstätt, Solnhofen, Wegscheid, Schamhaupten | Altmühltal Formation, Painten Formation | ||
P. subovata | |||||
Senefelderiteuthis | S. tricarinata | Eichstätt, Daiting | Altmühltal Formation, Mörnsheim Formation | ||
Trachyteuthis [87] | T. hastiformis | Daiting, Painten, Eichstätt, Brunn | Mörnsheim Formation, Altmühltal Formation, Painten Formation, Torleite Formation | ||
T. teudopsiformis | Blumenberg, Schamhaupten | Altmühltal Formation, Painten Formation | |||
Teudopsinia [88] | T. grossheidei | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | ||
Tyrionella [86] | T. fauseri | Schernfeld | Altmühltal Formation | ||
Donovaniteuthis | D. schoepfeli | ||||
Leptoteuthis | L. gigas | Solnhofen, Eichstätt, Blumenberg | Altmühltal Formation | ||
Listroteuthis [86] | L. conica | Daiting | Mörnsheim Formation | Holotype specimen destroyed during WW2 | |
Bavaripeltis [84] | B. bavarica | Solnhofen | Altmühltal Formation | ||
Doryanthes [84] | D. munsterii | Eichstätt, Blumenberg, Mörnsheim | Mörnsheim Formation, Altmühltal Formation | ||
Palaeololigo [89] | P. albersdoerferi | Eichstätt | Altmühltal Formation | ||
P. oblonga | Schernfeld | Altmühltal Formation | |||
Celaenoteuthis [86] | C. incerta | Solnhofen, Eichstätt, Birkscheid | Altmühltal Formation | ||
Muensterella [86] | M. scutellaris | Eichstätt, Solnhofen, Wegscheid, Wintershof, Painten, Mörnsheim | Mörnsheim Formation, Altmühltal Formation, Painten Formation | ||
M. spinosa | Daiting | Mörnsheim Formation |
Horseshoe crabs of the Solnhofen Formation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Taxa | Presence | Notes | Images | |
Thylacocephalans of the Solnhofen Formation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Taxa | Presence | Notes | Images | |
Clausocaris | C. lithographica | |||
Dollocaris | D. michelorum | |||
Mayrocaris | M. bucculata | |||
Falcatacaris | F. bastelbergeri |
Dragonflies of the Solnhofen Formation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Taxa | Presence | Notes | Images | |
The Amiiformes order of fish has only two extant species, the bowfins: Amia calva and Amia ocellicauda, the latter recognized as a separate species in 2022. These Amiiformes are found in the freshwater systems of North America, in the United States and parts of southern Canada. They live in freshwater streams, rivers, and swamps. The order first appeared in the Triassic, and the extinct members include both marine and freshwater species, many of which are morphologically disparate from bowfins, such as the caturids.
Caturus is an extinct genus of predatory marine fishes in the family Caturidae in the order Amiiformes, related to modern bowfin. It has been suggested that the genus is non-monophyletic with respect to other caturid genera.
Juravenator is a genus of small coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur, which lived in the area which would someday become the top of the Franconian Jura of Germany, about 151 or 152 million years ago. It is known from a single, juvenile specimen.
Aspidorhynchus is an extinct genus of predatory ray-finned fish from the Middle Jurassic to the earliest Cretaceous. Fossils have been found in Europe, Antarctica and the Caribbean.
Holostei is a group of ray-finned bony fish. It is divided into two major clades, the Halecomorphi, represented by the single living genus, Amia with two species, the bowfins, as well as the Ginglymodi, the sole living representatives being the gars (Lepisosteidae), represented by seven living species in two genera. The earliest members of the clade, which are putative "semionotiforms" such as Acentrophorus and Archaeolepidotus, are known from the Middle to Late Permian and are among the earliest known neopterygians.
Homoeosaurus is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalian reptile, known from the Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous of Europe, with specimens being reported from France, England and Germany. Several species have been described within the genus, based on varying proportions of the limb bones to the body length based on the presacral vertebrae. Specimen C.M.6438 of H. maximiliani from Germany has a total length of around 17 centimetres (6.7 in), with a skull length of about 1.7 centimetres (0.67 in). In comparison to other rhynchocephalians, the limbs are proportionally long. Recent studies have classified Homoeosaurus as a member of Neosphenodontia, with some studies including it as part of the clade Leptorhynchia, also including sapheosaurs, pleurosaurs, Kallimodon and Vadasaurus. Despite being found in aquatic deposits, it is suggested to have been terrestrial. It is thought to have been a carnivore/insectivore. One specimen was found as stomach contents of the fish Belonostomus.
Belonostomus is a genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish that was described by Louis Agassiz in 1844. It is a member of the order Aspidorhynchiformes, a group of fish known for their distinctive elongated rostrums.
Chongichthys is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish that lived during the Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic epoch. It contains one species, C. dentatus from the Quebrada El Profeta of Chile. It is named after Chilean geologist Guillermo Chong.
Ainia is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish that lived during the Kimmeridgian stage of the Late Jurassic epoch. It contains a single species, A. armata, known from the famous Solnhofen Limestone of Germany. It is a distant relative of the bowfin, although it is more closely related to genera such as Caturus and Osteorachis.
Ascalabos is an extinct genus of marine ray-finned fish known from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen Limestone of Germany. It contains one species, A. voithii. Some authorities synonymize it with Leptolepis.
Coccolepis is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish in the family Coccolepididae. Originally including most species within the family, it is now restricted to two species from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen Limestone of Germany. The holotype of C. bucklandi, designated and described by Louis Agassiz, was thought to be lost but was later rediscovered in Neuchâtel.
Ophiopsis is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ophiopsidae. Specimens are known from the Tithonian-age Solnhofen Formation of Bavaria, Germany.
Crossognathiformes is an extinct order of ray-finned fish that lived from the Late Jurassic to the Eocene. Its phylogenetic placement is disputed; some authors have recovered it as part of the teleost stem group, while others place it in a basal position within crown group Teleostei. Other placements have found it to be paraphyletic, with the Varasichthyidae being stem-group teleosts whereas the other, "true" crossognathiforms are crown-group teleosts within the Teleocephala.
Callipurbeckia is an extinct genus of marine semionotiform ray-finned fish from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous periods. Fossils have been found in Germany, Tanzania, and England.
The Nusplingen Limestone is a geological formation in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It preserves fossils dating to the Kimmeridgian age of the Late Jurassic. It mainly consists of lithographic limestones deposited in a marine basin, similar to the Solnhofen Limestone. Fossils of pterosaurs, thalattosuchians, and the oldest geophilomorph centipede Eogeophilus were found in the Nusplingen Limestone.
The Painten Formation is a geologic formation in Germany. It preserves fossils dating back to the Tithonian stage of the Late Jurassic period.
The Torleite Formation is a geologic formation and Lagerstätte in Germany. It preserves fossils dating to the Kimmeridgian stage of the Jurassic period. Animals recovered from the formation include the small theropod dinosaur Sciurumimus, the ctenochasmatid pterosaur Balaenognathus, and the extinct bony fish Anaethalion.
Eichstaettisaurus is a genus of lizards from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Germany, Spain, and Italy. With a flattened head, forward-oriented and partially symmetrical feet, and tall claws, Eichstaettisaurus bore many adaptations to a climbing lifestyle approaching those of geckoes. The type species, E. schroederi, is among the oldest and most complete members of the Squamata, being known by one specimen originating from the Tithonian-aged Solnhofen Limestone of Germany. A second species, E. gouldi, was described from another skeleton found in the Matese Mountains of Italy. Despite being very similar to E. schroederi, it lived much later, during the Albian stage. Fossils of both species show exceptional preservation due to deposition in low-oxygen marine environments.
2021 in arthropod paleontology is a list of new arthropod fossil taxa, including arachnids, crustaceans, insects, trilobites, and other arthropods that were announced or described, as well as other significant arthropod paleontological discoveries and events which occurred in 2021.
Coccolepididae is an extinct family of ray-finned fish, known from the Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, most of which were originally referred to the type genus Coccolepis. They had a widespread distribution, being found in North and South America, Australia, Asia and Europe. They are mostly known from freshwater environments, though several species have been found in marine environments. They are morphologically conservative, and have poorly ossified endo and exoskeletons, which usually results in poor preservation. This makes it difficult to distinguish species. They are generally small fish, with the largest known specimens reaching a length of 210 mm. Historically, they have been classified as members of “Palaeonisciformes”, a paraphyletic grouping of non-neopterygian fish, due to their plesiomorphic conservative morphology closely resembling those of many other groups of primitive fish. Some recent authors have suggested that they may belong to the order Chondrostei as relatives of the Acipenseriformes.