| Parviluciferaceae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Double infection of two late Dinovorax pyriformis trophonts in a Prorocentrum micans cell. Scale bar: 10 μm. | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Diaphoretickes |
| Clade: | SAR |
| Clade: | Alveolata |
| Phylum: | Myzozoa |
| Class: | Perkinsea |
| Family: | Parviluciferaceae Reñé & Alacid 2017 [1] |
| Type genus | |
| Parvilucifera | |
| Genera [3] | |
| Diversity [4] | |
| 7 species | |
Parviluciferaceae is a family of perkinsozoans, a group of endoparasitic protists present in aquatic environments. [5]
Members of Parviluciferaceae behave as endoparasitoids of dinoflagellates, an important group of marine phytoplankton. Their life cycle consists of biflagellated zoospores with two unequally sized flagella, that swim toward dinoflagellate hosts, infect them and grow into sporangia that develop more zoospores. All genera share similar sporangium morphology and life cycle. Their main differences regard the morphology of zoospores. Dinovorax and Snorkelia zoospores infect the host cell through a germ tube, which is absent in Parvilucifera . [1]
The name of this family derives from the type genus, Parvilucifera . [1] It derives from Latin parvus 'small',and lucidus 'shining', referring to the small refractile zoospores that characterize this genus. [2]
There are currently four genera accepted in this family. [3] The first to be described, Parvilucifera , initially was not assigned to any family, and instead belonged to the order Rastrimonadida, within the Perkinsea. A second genus was included within this order, Rastrimonas , for which no genetic sequences are available. [6] [7] In 2017 the family Parviluciferaceae was erected, with the inclusion of Parvilucifera and two additional genera: Dinovorax and Snorkelia . [1] In December 2018 a fourth genus was described for this family, Tuberlatum . [3] The most speciose genus is Parvilucifera, with four described species, while the remaining genera are monotypic, with one species each, [4] adding to a total of 7 species in the family:
Perkinsus is a genus of alveolates in the phylum Perkinsozoa. The genus was erected in 1978 to better treat its type species, Perkinsus marinus, known formerly as Dermocystidium marinum. These are parasitic protozoans that infect molluscs, at least some of which cause disease and mass mortality. P. marinus is the most notorious, causing the disease perkinsosis, or dermo, in wild and farmed oysters.
Difflugia is the largest genus of Arcellinida, one of several groups of Tubulinea within the eukaryote supergroup Amoebozoa. Arcellinida species produce shells or tests from mineral particles or biogeonic elements and are thus commonly referred to as testate amoebae or shelled amoebae. Difflugia are particularly common in marshes and other freshwater habitats.
Leptomyxida is an order of Amoebozoa.
Karyorelictea is a class of ciliates in the subphylum Postciliodesmatophora. Most species are members of the microbenthos community, that is, microscopic organisms found in the marine interstitial habitat, though one genus, Loxodes, is found in freshwater.
Myzozoa is a grouping of specific phyla within Alveolata, that either feed through myzocytosis, or were ancestrally capable of feeding through myzocytosis.
Suessiales is an order of dinoflagellates.
Thaumatomastix is a protist genus of the order Thaumatomonadida, within the phylum Cercozoa and the class Imbricatea. Its species are aquatic, feeding on algae and appearing in waters of a wide range of temperatures and salinities, and are 15-50 micrometers long. They can interchange between flagellated and amoeboid forms, and are notable for being covered in both spiny and flattened siliceous scales.
Katabia is a genus of soil-dwelling heterotrophic flagellate cercozoans containing the single species Katabia gromovi, and the only member of family Katabiidae.
Perkinsids are single-celled protists that live as intracellular parasites of a variety of other organisms. They are classified as the class Perkinsea within the monotypic phylum Perkinsozoa. It is part of the eukaryotic supergroup Alveolata, along with dinoflagellates, their closest relatives, and another parasitic group known as Apicomplexa. Perkinsids are found in aquatic environments, as parasites of dinoflagellates and various animals.
Parvilucifera is a genus of marine alveolates that behave as endoparasites of dinoflagellates. It was described in 1999 by biologists Fredrik Norén and Øjvind Moestrup, who identified the genus among collections of Dinophysis dinoflagellates off the coast of Sweden. Initially mistaken for products of sexual reproduction, the round bodies found within these collections were eventually recognized as sporangia, spherical structures that generate zoospores of a parasitic protist. This organism was later identified as P. infectans, the type species. The examination of this organism and its close genetic relationship to Perkinsus led to the creation of the Perkinsozoa phylum within the Alveolata group.
A protist is any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. The protists do not form a natural group, or clade, since they exclude certain eukaryotes with whom they share a common ancestor; but, like algae or invertebrates, the grouping is used for convenience. In some systems of biological classification, such as the popular five-kingdom scheme proposed by Robert Whittaker in 1969, the protists make up a kingdom called Protista, composed of "organisms which are unicellular or unicellular-colonial and which form no tissues". In the 21st century, the classification shifted toward a two-kingdom system of protists: Chromista and Protozoa.
Wallaceina is a genus of parasitic flagellate protist belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. This generic name is a replacement name for ProteomonasPodlipaev, Frolov et Kolesnikov, 1990 because the latter Proteomonas was already attributed to a cryptomonad. Wallaceina is a taxonomic patronym honoring the protistologist Franklin G. Wallace, a pioneer in the modern taxonomy of trypanosomatids.
Vampyrella lateritia is a freshwater species of predatory amoebae that feeds on species of algae and is known for its specialized feeding strategy of removing, digesting, and ingesting the cellular contents of its prey. It is the type species of the genus Vampyrella and has been identified in numerous locations around the world including Brazil, Germany, and the eastern United States. Along with Vampyrella pendula, its genome was sequenced in 2012.
The cortical alveolum is a cellular organelle consisting of a vesicle located under the cytoplasmic membrane, to which they give support. The term "corticate" comes from an evolutionary hypothesis about the common origin of kingdoms Plantae and Chromista, because both kingdoms have cortical alveoli in at least one phylum. At least three protist lineages exhibit these structures: Telonemia, Alveolata and Glaucophyta.
Hyalochlorella marina, the only species in the genus Hyalochlorella and also known as Dermocystidium sp., is a marine heterotrophic eukaryote with uncertain phylogenic position.
Rhogostomidae is a family of thecate amoebae with a ventral cleft-like aperture. Their theca is thin and flexible and adheres to the cell. The cleft-like aperture allows them to extend and retract their filose pseudopodia, which they use to move and feed. They are primarily feeding on bacteria, but they are also known to consume yeasts and algae. The family contains three genera: Capsellina, Sacciforma, and Rhogostoma.
Urceolus is a genus of heterotrophic flagellates belonging to the Euglenozoa, a phylum of single-celled eukaryotes or protists. Described by Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowsky in 1877, its type species is Urceolus alenizini. Species of this genus are characterized by deformable sack-shaped cells that exhibit at least one flagellum that is active at the tip. They are found in a variety of water body sediments across the globe. Molecular phylogenies show they belong to a group known as peranemids, closely related to the euglenophyte algae.
Colponemids are free-living alveolates, unicellular flagellates related to dinoflagellates, apicomplexans and ciliates. They are predators of other small eukaryotes, found in freshwater, marine and soil environments. They do not form a solid clade, but a sparse group of deep-branching alveolate lineages.
An amoeboflagellate is any eukaryotic organism capable of behaving as an amoeba and as a flagellate at some point during their life cycle. Amoeboflagellates present both pseudopodia and at least one flagellum, often simultaneously.
Chrompodellids are a clade of single-celled protists belonging to the Alveolata supergroup. It comprises two different polyphyletic groups of flagellates: the colpodellids, phagotrophic predators, and the chromerids, photosynthetic algae that live as symbionts of corals. These groups were independently discovered and described, but molecular phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that they are intermingled in a clade that is the closest relative to Apicomplexa, and they became collectively known as chrompodellids. Due to the history of their research, they are variously known in biological classification as Chromerida or Colpodellida (ICZN)/Colpodellales (ICN).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link){{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)