Pure Michigan Byways | |
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System information | |
Maintained by MDOT | |
Length | 1,259.880 mi [1] (2,027.580 km) |
Formed | June 22, 1993 [2] |
Highway names | |
Interstates | Interstate nn (I-nn) |
US Highways | US Highway nn (US nn) |
State | M-nn |
System links | |
A Pure Michigan Byway is the designation for a segment of the State Trunkline Highway System in the US state of Michigan that is a "scenic, recreational, or historic route that is representative of Michigan's natural and cultural heritage." [2] The designation was created with the name Michigan Heritage Route by the state legislature on June 22, 1993, and since then six historic, seven recreational and seven scenic byways have been designated by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT), and another two have been proposed. These byways have been designated in both the Upper and Lower peninsulas (UP, LP) of the state. The current name was adopted on December 30, 2014, and it references the Pure Michigan tourism marketing campaign.
To be listed as a Pure Michigan Byway, a road must be a state trunkline highway, and it must be nominated through a two-stage process. Candidates are evaluated based on a set of objective criteria by MDOT in a process that can take several years to complete. The criteria include a highway's relationship to sites or districts on the National Register of Historic Places, to recreational areas, or to scenic landscapes. Each candidate must be supported by local stakeholders, including the appropriate local units of government. Each byway has a local organization that produces a management plan for the roadway and the preservation of its surrounding environment.
According to MDOT, the department's Pure Michigan Byway Program works with local communities, organizations, and government agencies to identify roads that access Michigan's "unique recreational, scenic and historic cultural treasures". [3] The program also attempts to preserve the unique and irreplaceable qualities of selected corridors, improve distinct roads in a careful and considerate way, and promote a greater awareness of and appreciation for the state's scenic, recreational, historical and cultural resources, according to the Federal Highway Administration. These actions provide economic benefits by stimulating tourism. [4] Staffers for State Representative Peter Pettalia of Presque Isle said that the point of the program, in context of the 2014 change to the Pure Michigan Byway name, was to get people to drive the selected roads and spend money at local businesses. [5]
Additions to the system are made when local organizations apply to MDOT through a two-stage process. First, a local organization proposes the addition, verifying that the suggested byway is a state trunkline highway and noting which local governments support the designation. MDOT reviews this pre-application to determine initial eligibility. If the proposed byway is determined to be eligible, the organization is asked to submit a full application to the department for approval. [6] The full process can take up to seven years to complete. [7] The MDOT director compiles a report annually that is submitted to the governor, members of the Michigan Legislature and members of the State Transportation Commission; this report details any new additions in the previous year and any changes or deletions affecting the system. [8]
The three types of byways are defined in Public Act 69 of 1993, the legislation that originally established the system. The Legislature defined these types to be:
- Historic
- significant to the history, archeology, architecture, engineering, or culture of this state.
- Recreational
- facilities normally associated with leisure-time activities, including, but not limited to, parks, public access sites, wildlife refuges, forest areas, marinas, swimming areas, hiking trails, and sightseeing areas.
- Scenic
- an area of outstanding natural beauty whose features include, but are not limited to, significant natural features such as vegetation, land form, water, and open areas with exceptional vistas and views, that singly or in combination make that area unique and distinct in character. [2]
In his annual report to the State Legislature at the end of 2014, MDOT Director Kirk Steudle described an additional three categories of byway not listed in the legislation setting up the system.
- Cultural
- A state highway traversing an area with unique cultural and/or ethnic heritage amenities such as art galleries, theaters, opera houses, restaurants, markets, and music venues.
- Archaeological
- A state highway traversing a corridor with ruins, artifacts, and structural remains.
- Natural
- A state highway that traverses a corridor with natural features that are relatively undisturbed, unique geological landforms, vegetation, water bodies, or conservation areas. [9]
In establishing specific objective criteria related to the selection of potential byways, MDOT has set up limitations on these classifications. Regardless of classification, all byways are supported with a management plan for the corridor designed to deal with protection, preservation, and enhancement of the roadway. All routes are given specific termini points with a reasonable length. They must also have the backing of local units of government, landowners and organizations. [10] No specific criteria have been published for cultural, archaeological or natural byways. [9]
Historic byways are assessed based on the numbers of sites listed, or eligible for listing, on the National Register of Historic Places. These sites need to be visible from the route of the byway, or, in the case of historic districts, a "substantial portion of the district must lie adjacent to the highway". [10] Local organizations backing a proposed historic byway must also have promotional plans and demonstrate coordination with state agencies related to state history. [10]
Recreational byways must be used mainly for recreational purposes, connecting to one or more recreation sites. They can also connect multiple sites together with a common theme, and they are assessed on their scenic qualities with lower inclusion standards than scenic byways. [10]
Scenic byways must exclude commercial or industrial zones adjacent to the trunkline. These roads are also assessed on qualities such as the uniqueness, vividness, intactness, unity, and viewshed of the roadway and its surrounding environment as set up in department guidelines. [10]
The Michigan Heritage Route System was created after Public Act 69 of 1993 was signed into law on June 22, 1993, going into effect immediately. The law required MDOT to set up specific criteria and procedures related to selecting and maintaining heritage routes, subject to approval of the Legislature. [2] Since the program was put into operation in 1993, 16 heritage routes have been approved by the department. The first two were approved in 1995 at opposite ends of the state: a scenic route along US Highway 41 (US 41) in the Keweenaw Peninsula region of the northern UP [11] [12] and a historic route along M-125 in downtown Monroe in the southeastern corner of the LP. [13] [14] The first recreational route was approved in 1998 along M-15 in the southeastern LP. [15] Since 2008, local groups have proposed the creation of a heritage route along the former West Michigan Pike (US 31) on the western side of the LP [7] and a loop around Ontonagon County in the western UP. [8] [16] In a department report dated December 22, 2014, the UP byway was no longer under active proposal, [9] and the West Michigan Pike was dedicated on July 25, 2016. [17]
The Legislature proposed another change to the system in 2013 to rename the Heritage Routes in the system to Pure Michigan Byways under a bill introduced in the state House of Representatives. [18] The bill passed in the House in March 2014, [5] and the state Senate during the lame duck session in December 2014. [19] Sponsors of the bill said that including the highways in the Pure Michigan tourism advertising campaign would provide promotional benefits, and they stated that the change "allows the state to comply with federal changes, which require the word 'route' be changed to 'byway'." [5] The bill received the governor's signature and was filed on December 30, 2014, [20] taking effect as Public Act 445 that day. MDOT had one year from that effective date to obtain a trademark license from the Michigan Economic Development Corporation, owners of the Pure Michigan trademark, and to unveil the new signage bearing the updated program name. [21] They unveiled the new signage as part of the dedication of the M-134 North Huron Byway in October 2015. [22]
There are six historic, seven recreational and six scenic byways in Michigan, with one additional route proposed.
Type | Name | Length (mi) [1] | Length (km) | Southern or western terminus | Northern or eastern terminus | Date | Description | Ref(s). |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proposed | Bridge to the Clouds | 82.389 | 132.592 | Loop in Ontonagon County | — | Would follow US 45, M-26, M-38, M-64, and M-28 connecting Bruce Crossing, Ontonagon, Silver City and Bergland; proposal inactive as of December 22,2014 [update] | [8] [9] [16] | |
Historic | Center Avenue Heritage Route | 1.474 | 2.372 | Madison Avenue in Bay City | Livingston Street in Bay City | 1997 | Originally named the "Bay City Historic Heritage Route"; follows M-25 through the Center Avenue Neighborhood Residential District in Bay City, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places | [23] [24] [25] |
Recreational | Chief Noonday Trail Recreational Heritage Route | 16.963 | 27.299 | US 131 in Bradley | M-43 near Hastings | 1998 | Follows M-179 in Allegan and Barry counties providing access to Gun Lake and the Yankee Springs State Recreation Area | [26] [27] [28] |
Scenic | Copper Country Trail | 47.617 | 76.632 | Portage Lake Lift Bridge in Hancock | M-26 in Copper Harbor | 1995 | Follows US 41 in the Copper Country; also designated as a National Scenic Byway by the Federal Highway Administration; first Scenic Heritage Route in the state | [11] [12] |
Recreational | Huron Shores Heritage Route | 193.061 | 310.702 | Cedar Street in Standish | Nicolet Avenue in Mackinaw City | 2004 | Originally named the "Sunrise Side Coastal Highway"; follows US 23 along the Lake Huron shoreline | [29] [30] |
Recreational | I-69 Recreational Heritage Route | 47.188 | 75.942 | Indiana state line south of Kinderhook | Calhoun–Eaton county line | 2004 | Follows I-69 from the Indiana state line in Branch and Calhoun counties in the southern Lower Peninsula | [31] [32] |
Historic | Iron County Heritage Trail | 15.577 | 25.069 | M-189 (4th Avenue) in Iron River | 5th Street in Crystal Falls | 2000 | Follows US 2 through Iron County past sites such as the Iron County Courthouse and the local museums on the area's iron mining heritage | [33] [34] |
Scenic | Leelanau Scenic Heritage Route | 81.007 | 130.368 | Benzie–Leelanau county line south of Empire | M-72 in Traverse City | 2002 | Follows M-22 (66.956 mi, 107.755 km) and M-109 (6.831 mi, 10.993 km) around the Leelanau Peninsula, along the Lake Michigan and Grand Traverse Bay shorelines and includes M-204 (7.220 mi, 11.619 km) across the peninsula | [35] |
Scenic | M-22 Pure Michigan Byway | 49.695 | 79.976 | US 31 north of Manistee | Benzie–Leelanau county line south of Empire | 2016 | Follows M-22 | [36] |
Recreational | M-134 North Huron Byway | 50.233 | 80.842 | I-75 north of St. Ignace | Four Corners on Drummond Island | 2015 | Follows M-134 along the Lake Huron shoreline across the southeastern section of the Upper Peninsula and onto Drummond Island | [22] [16] [37] [38] |
Historic | Marshall's Territorial Road Heritage Route | 2.052 | 3.302 | Western Marshall city limits | Eastern Marshall city limits | 2001 | Follows Business Loop I-94 along the former Territorial Road in downtown Marshall past 30 historical markers and four museums | [39] [40] |
Historic | Monroe Historic Heritage Route | 2.115 | 3.404 | Southern Monroe city limits | Northern Monroe city limits | 1995 | Follows M-125 through downtown Monroe and next to the East Elm–North Macomb Street Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places | [13] [14] [41] [42] |
Scenic | Old Mission Peninsula Scenic Heritage Route | 17.304 | 27.848 | Peninsula Drive north of Traverse City | Cul-de-sac at Old Mission Lighthouse | 2008 | Follows M-37 along the Old Mission Peninsula north of Traverse City through vineyards and orchards bounded by the East and West arms of Grand Traverse Bay | [43] [44] |
Recreational | Pathway to Family Fun Recreational Heritage Route | 72.765 | 117.104 | Waldron Road in Clarkston | M-25 in Bay City | 1998 | Originally named the "Miles to Smiles Recreational Heritage Route"; follows M-15 from Clarkston in Oakland County to Bay City providing access to parks and campgrounds in the area | [15] [45] |
Scenic | Tahquamenon Scenic Byway | 62.505 | 100.592 | M-28 south of Newberry | M-28 near Eckerman | 2007 | Originally a locally designated byway in 1998 named the Tahquamenon Heritage Trail and later named the Tahquamenon Scenic Heritage Route when recognized by the state; follows M-123 in an inverted U-shape north of M-28 in Luce and Chippewa counties past the Tahquamenon Falls State Park | [37] [46] [47] [48] |
Scenic | Top of the Lake Scenic Byway | 92.345 | 148.615 | M-149 at Thompson | I-75 in St. Ignace | 2017 | Follows US 2 along the northern shoreline of Lake Michigan | [49] |
Scenic | Tunnel of Trees Scenic Heritage Route | 21.028 | 33.841 | Western Harbor Springs city limits | C-66/C-77 (State Road) in Cross Village | 2003 | Follows M-119 through the "Tunnel of Trees" | [50] [51] |
Recreational | UP Hidden Coast Recreational Heritage Trail | 64.451 | 103.724 | Wisconsin state line in Menominee | Mather Avenue in Gladstone | 2007 | Follows M-35, US 2, and US 41 proving access to recreational areas along the Green Bay and Little Bay de Noc | [52] [53] |
Historic | US 12 Heritage Trail | 210.367 | 338.553 | Indiana state line in New Buffalo | Woodward Avenue in Detroit | 2004 | Follows US 12 parallel to the route of an original 19th-century stagecoach trail from Detroit to Chicago across the southern Lower Peninsula, including segments previously designated separately along Michigan Avenue in Saline in May 2001 and in Lenawee County in October 2002 | [54] [55] |
Historic | West Michigan Pike Pure Michigan Byway | 186.658 | 300.397 | Indiana state line south of New Buffalo | Ludington | 2016 | Follows I-94; M-63; I-196; US 31; the BL I-196 routings for South Haven and Holland; the Bus. US 31 routings for Muskegon, Whitehall–Montague, Pentwater and Ludington; and US 10 parallel to the route of the former West Michigan Pike and along the Lake Michigan shoreline | [17] [56] |
Recreational | Woodward Avenue Recreational Heritage Route | 25.475 | 40.998 | Jefferson Avenue in Detroit | Cesar E. Chavez Boulevard in Pontiac | 1999 | Follows M-1 and BL I-75/Bus. US 24 (Woodward Avenue) connecting to museums, theaters and parks in Metro Detroit; also designated the Automotive Heritage Trail All-American Road by the Federal Highway Administration and a part of the MotorCity National Heritage Area | [57] [58] [59] |
Michigan has three National Forest Scenic Byways that run along county roads and a National Park Service-maintained scenic drive, which are ineligible to be Pure Michigan Byways:
M-1, commonly known as Woodward Avenue, is a north–south state trunkline highway in the Metro Detroit area of the US state of Michigan. The highway, called "Detroit's Main Street", runs from Detroit north-northwesterly to Pontiac. It is one of the five principal avenues of Detroit, along with Michigan, Grand River, Gratiot, and Jefferson avenues. These streets were platted in 1805 by Judge Augustus B. Woodward, namesake to Woodward Avenue. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has listed the highway as the Automotive Heritage Trail, an All-American Road in the National Scenic Byways Program. It has also been designated a Pure Michigan Byway by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT), and was also included in the MotorCities National Heritage Area designated by the US Congress in 1998.
M-28 is an east–west state trunkline highway that traverses nearly all of the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan, from Wakefield to near Sault Ste. Marie in Bruce Township. Along with US Highway 2 (US 2), M-28 forms a pair of primary highways linking the Upper Peninsula from end to end, providing a major access route for traffic from Michigan and Canada along the southern shore of Lake Superior. M-28 is the longest state trunkline in Michigan numbered with the "M-" prefix at 290.373 miles (467.310 km). The entire highway is listed on the National Highway System, while three sections of M-28 are part of the Lake Superior Circle Tour. M-28 also carries two memorial highway designations along its route.
A National Scenic Byway is a road recognized by the United States Department of Transportation for one or more of six "intrinsic qualities": archeological, cultural, historic, natural, recreational, and scenic. The program was established by Congress in 1991 to preserve and protect the nation's scenic but often less-traveled roads and promote tourism and economic development. The National Scenic Byways Program (NSBP) is administered by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).
M-22 is a state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan. It is 116.7 miles (187.8 km) long and follows the Lake Michigan shoreline of the Leelanau Peninsula, making up a portion of the Lake Michigan Circle Tour. It also passes through the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. The highway is U-shaped as it rounds the peninsula running through tourist areas in Leland and Suttons Bay in addition to the national lakeshore.
M-119 is a 27.548-mile (44.334 km) state trunkline highway entirely within Emmet County in the US state of Michigan. The highway follows the shore of Lake Michigan and the Little Traverse Bay, with its southern terminus at US Highway 31 (US 31) near Bay View, about four miles (6.4 km) east of Petoskey; the northern terminus is at a junction with county roads C-66 and C-77 in Cross Village. North of Harbor Springs, the highway is known as the Tunnel of Trees Scenic Heritage Route. This section of highway lacks a centerline and is known for its scenic beauty. On an average day, between 2,000 and 15,000 vehicles use various parts of the highway.
M-179 is a 16.963-mile-long (27.299 km) state trunkline highway in the western portion of the US state of Michigan. It runs from US Highway 131 (US 131) at exit 61 outside of Bradley to M-43 just west of Hastings in the Lower Peninsula. The highway crosses through forest land and provides access to state recreational areas. M-179 has been given the Chief Noonday Recreational Heritage Route designation by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT). Prior to October 1998, this highway was the eastern portion of county road A-42. The number was formally assigned by the next year. This is not the first time the number was used in Michigan, an unrelated M-179 previously existed in the 1930s through the 1950s farther north.
M-35 is a state trunkline highway in the Upper Peninsula (UP) of the US state of Michigan. It runs for 128 miles (206 km) in a general north–south direction and connects the cities of Menominee, Escanaba, and Negaunee. The southern section of M-35 in Menominee and Delta counties carries two additional designations; M-35 forms a segment of the Lake Michigan Circle Tour, and it is the UP Hidden Coast Recreational Heritage Trail, which is a part of what is now called the Pure Michigan Byways Program. Along the southern section, the highway is the closest trunkline to the Green Bay, a section of Lake Michigan. The northern section of the highway turns inland through sylvan areas of the UP, connecting rural portions of Delta and Marquette counties.
M-123 is a state trunkline highway in the eastern Upper Peninsula of the US state of Michigan. It is one of only a few highways in Michigan that curve around and form a U-shape. In fact, M-123 has three intersections with only two state trunklines; it meets M-28 twice as a result of its U-shaped routing. M-123 also has a rare signed concurrency with a County-Designated Highway in Michigan; in Trout Lake, there is a concurrency with H-40. All of M-123 north of M-28 is a Scenic Heritage Route within the Michigan Heritage Route system.
M-65 is a 103.176-mile-long (166.046 km) state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan. The highway runs between termini on US Highway 23 (US 23) near Omer and Rogers City in the northeastern Lower Peninsula of the state. M-65 runs inland through several small communities in the region, passing through forests and fields along its course. M-65 crosses several watercourses, including the Au Sable River where it runs along the River Road National Scenic Byway. The region also includes the Huron National Forest and the Mackinaw State Forest areas.
US Highway 41 (US 41) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Miami, Florida, to the Upper Peninsula of the US state of Michigan. In Michigan, it is a state trunkline highway that enters the state via the Interstate Bridge between Marinette, Wisconsin, and Menominee, Michigan. The 278.769 miles (448.635 km) of US 41 that lie within Michigan serve as a major conduit. Most of the highway is listed on the National Highway System. Various sections are rural two-lane highway, urbanized four-lane divided expressway and the Copper Country Trail National Scenic Byway. The northernmost community along the highway is Copper Harbor at the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula. The trunkline ends at a cul-de-sac east of Fort Wilkins State Park after serving the Central Upper Peninsula and Copper Country regions of Michigan.
The National Forest Scenic Byways are roads that have been designated by the U.S. Forest Service as scenic byways. Many are also National Scenic Byways (NSB). The program was initiated in 1987.
The Trail of the Ancients is a collection of National Scenic Byways located in the U.S. Four Corners states of Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. These byways comprise:
The River Road National Scenic Byway is a National Scenic Byway and National Forest Scenic Byway in the US state of Michigan. This 23+1⁄2-mile-long (37.8 km) byway follows M-65 and River Road; it extends eastward into the Huron National Forest and ends in the historic community of Oscoda near Lake Huron. The road parallels the historic Au Sable River which has historically been a major transportation route for floating Michigan's giant white pine from the forest to the saw mill towns on Lake Huron. Along its course, the roadway offers access to several recreational areas as well as the local scenery. The section of the River Road that follows M-65 was added to the State Trunkline Highway System in the 1930s. The River Road was given National Forest Scenic Byway status in 1988, and National Scenic Byway status in 2005.
The Whitefish Bay National Forest Scenic Byway is a National Forest Scenic Byway that runs along Whitefish Bay in the Hiawatha National Forest in the U.S. state of Michigan. The byway mostly follows Federal Forest Highway 42 (FFH 42) through Chippewa County in the Upper Peninsula. As a forest highway, it is maintained jointly by the Chippewa County Road Commission (CCRC) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The route of the byway first existed as an earth road by the 1930s; it was improved into a gravel road in the 1940s and paved between the 1950s and the 1980s. The byway designation was created in 1989.
A scenic Byway in Ohio can be any interstate, national highway, state highway, County road, municipal street, or Township road in the State of Ohio as designated by the director of transportation.
Many roads and highways in the United States are labeled scenic byways for having exceptional scenic, historical, archaeological, natural, cultural, or recreational significance. These scenic routes are usually formally designated by national, state, or local agencies in recognition of these qualities, and many are also preserved or managed with special legislation and funding beyond what is required for ordinary road maintenance.