The National Front is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1973 as a coalition of right-wing and centrist parties. It is also the third largest political coalition with 42 seats in the Dewan Rakyat after opposition coalition Pakatan Harapan with 90 seats and the coalition Perikatan Nasional with 50 seats.
The United Malays National Organisation, abbreviated UMNO or lesser-known as PEKEMBAR, is a political party in Malaysia. As the oldest continuous national political party within Malaysia, UMNO has once been called Malaysia's "Grand Old Party". UMNO is a founding and the principal dominant member of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, which taken along with its predecessor Alliance, had been the main governing party of Malaysia from the independence of Malaya in 1957 until its defeat in the 2018 general election. From 1957 to 2018, every Prime Minister of Malaysia was also the President of UMNO. It has since returned to power twice as a result of the 2020-2022 Malaysian political crisis, firstly as a partner in a Perikatan Nasional-led government and subsequently as the leading party in a BN-led government with UMNO vice-president Ismail Sabri serving as Prime Minister.
Elections in Malaysia include elections to public office of the political entities that since 1963 have composed the federation of Malaysia. At present, elections in Malaysia exist at two levels: federal level and state level. Federal level elections are those for membership in the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of Parliament, while state level elections are for membership in the various State Legislative Assemblies. The heads of executive branch at both the federal and state levels, the Prime Minister and Menteri Besar/Chief Ministers respectively, are indirectly elected, usually filled by a member of the majority party/coalition in the respective legislatures.
The United Sabah People's Party is a minority political party based in Sabah, Malaysia. Presently PBRS is being led by its founding and first President; Joseph Kurup. PBRS is officially a component party of Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition since 1994.
The United Sabah Party is a political party of Sabah. The PBS was founded by Joseph Pairin Kitingan in 1985. It is Sabah's oldest local party. In August 2020, PBS confirmed that they would be using their own logo and flag until Sabah's local coalition is established under Registrar of Societies (RoS). Since 2020, the PBS acts as an allied partner, providing confidence and supply to the ruling federal Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition It also plays a role as a major component of the Sabah-based Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) state governing alliance.
The Sabah Progressive Party is a multiracial political party based in Sabah, Malaysia. It was registered on 21 January 1994 by dissidents led by former Sabah Chief Minister Datuk Yong Teck Lee from United Sabah Party. Formerly a component party in the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition, SAPP officially withdrew from BN in September 2008 to become independent. As of 2010, SAPP has two representatives in the national legislature and two in the Sabah State Assembly. In 2016, the party together with Homeland Solidarity Party formed the United Sabah Alliance. It later joined the United Alliance together with STAR and PBS in 2018. The SAPP became the main component party of the GRS coalition, the successor of United Alliance that was established in 2020 and registered in 2022.
A general election was held between Saturday, 20 October and Sunday, 21 October 1990 for members of the 8th Parliament of Malaysia. Voting took place in all 180 parliamentary constituencies of Malaysia, each electing one Member of Parliament to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament. State elections also took place in 351 state constituencies in 11 states of Malaysia on the same day.
The United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation is a regional political party in Malaysia based in the state of Sabah. It was established in 1978. Before its deregistration, it was the oldest political party in Sabah that was currently still in existence. Despite being a party that maintains a Kadazan-Dusun ethnocentric platform, membership is opened to all ethnicities and the party's leadership has multi-ethnic representation.
Datuk Seri Panglima Haji Lajim Ukin was a Malaysian politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Beaufort constituency in Sabah from 2008 to 2013, the Deputy Minister of Transport from 2008 to 2009, and the Deputy Minister for Housing and Local Government from 2009 to 2012; in the federal Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition government. Lajim previously served as Deputy Chief Minister of Sabah for three terms from 1999. He was also the Leader of the Opposition in the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (2013–2016). Lajim was the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) supreme council member and also Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) executive chairman at the time of his death in 2021.
The United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation was a Kadazan-Dusun-Murut (KDM) based political party in North Borneo and later Sabah at the time it became a state of Malaysia in the 1960s.
Sabah People's Unity Party is a Sabah-based-opposition party founded in 2017 by Mohd Arshad Abdul Mualap, a little known former teacher turn businessman-politician from Sungai Sibuga, the power base of Sabah Chief Minister, Musa Aman then. It is one of parties in the alliance of United Sabah Alliance (USA).
The United Sabah National Organisation (New) is a political party in Sabah, Malaysia. The party was formed in 2013 with the aim of reviving the long-buried struggle of USNO Sabah. The establishment of the new USNO Party was inspired by the struggle of Tun Mustapha Harun in the dissolved USNO Party. This party is also the main component party of the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah Party (GRS) since 2022.
The Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah was an informal Malaysian political coalition. The now defunct political coalition was formed by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's formation of Parti Melayu Semangat 46 after leaving United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) that was declared illegal. jointly with Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA), Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) and Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA) before 9th Malaysian General Election in 1990. KIMMA left the coalition before the 10th Malaysian General Election.
The Gagasan Rakyat was an opposition Malaysian political coalition. The now defunct political coalition was founded by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's formation of Parti Melayu Semangat 46 after leaving United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) that was declared illegal. The coalition consisted Semangat 46, Democratic Action Party (DAP), United Sabah Party (PBS), Malaysian People's Party (PRM), Indian Progressive Front (IPF) and Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP) as the coalition components. It were also joined by three other component members from its allied opposition Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU) coalition also led by Razaleigh consisting of himself Razaleigh's Spirit of 46 Malay Party (S46), Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA), Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM) and Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA). On 25 January 1995, Parti Tindakan Demokratik withdrew from the coalition.
The Sabah Native Co-operation Party is a political party in Malaysia focussing on Sabah. The party former name is Sabah People's Co-operation Party or Malay: Parti Kerjasama Rakyat Sabah (PAKAR) and prior to its establishment the party intended to contest in the 2013 Malaysian general election but its registration was not approved until November 2013.
The United Sabah Alliance was a political coalition bringing together Sabah-based parties in Malaysia. It was jointly founded by the Sabah Progressive Party and Homeland Solidarity Party after SAPP left the Barisan Nasional coalition. The Love Sabah Party also joined the coalition but left in 2017 due to disagreements. Later, the Sabah People's Hope Party (PHRS) and Sabah People's Unity Party (PPRS) joined the coalition. However, after the 2018 general election, PHRS left the coalition.
Homeland Solidarity Party Malay: Parti Solidariti Tanah Airku or STAR is a Sabah-based political party. The party was founded on 1 July 2016 by Datuk Seri Panglima Dr. Jeffrey G. Kitingan. He is Tan Sri Joseph Pairin Kitingan younger brother, the former chief minister of Sabah and ex-president of United Sabah Party (PBS). STAR Party was one of three founding parties of the United Sabah Alliance (USA) founded in 2016 and United Alliance of Sabah (UAOS) founded in 2018, the other being the Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) and United Sabah Party (PBS).
Sabah Nationality Party or Malay: Parti Kebangsaan Sabah (PKS) is a Sabah-based-opposition party in Malaysia formed after the 2013 Malaysian general election. Following its establishment, the party contested in the 2018 Malaysian general election.
Sabah Wellbeing & Unity Front Party or Malay: Parti Sejahtera Angkatan Perpaduan Sabah (SAPU) is a Sabah-based-opposition party in Malaysia formed and registration approved by the Registrar of Societies (RoS) to operate as a political party after the 2013 Malaysian general election. It was a component of the previously planned Gabungan Rakyat Saksama (SAKSAMA) coalition.
The United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation is a multiracial political party based in Sabah, Malaysia. The party was rebranded from its previous party's name, United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation using the same UPKO acronym; which was a widely known Kadazan-Dusun-Murut based party in 2019. The party had earlier been renamed once before in 1999 from its initial 1994 formation name of Sabah Democratic Party. In August 2021, UPKO has officially joined the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition as a component party.
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