Shunde 顺德区 Shuntak; Shunte | |
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Coordinates: 22°50′11″N113°15′09″E / 22.83639°N 113.25250°E | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Province | Guangdong |
Prefecture-level city | Foshan |
Area | |
• Total | 806 km2 (311 sq mi) |
[1] | |
Population (2020) [1] | |
• Total | 3,229,090 |
• Density | 4,000/km2 (10,000/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 528300 |
Website | (in Chinese) www |
Shunde, Foshan | |||||||||||||
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Simplified Chinese | 顺德 区 | ||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 順德 區 | ||||||||||||
Jyutping | seon6 dak1 keoi1 | ||||||||||||
Cantonese Yale | Seuhndāk Kēui | ||||||||||||
Hanyu Pinyin | Shùndé Qū | ||||||||||||
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Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 顺德 | ||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 順德 | ||||||||||||
Jyutping | seon6 dak1 | ||||||||||||
Cantonese Yale | Seuhndāk | ||||||||||||
Hanyu Pinyin | Shùndé | ||||||||||||
Postal | Shuntak | ||||||||||||
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Shunde (Shun Tak in Cantonese) is a district of the city of Foshan,Guangdong province,located in the Pearl River Delta. It had a population of 2,464,784 as of the 2010 census. [2] Once a traditional agricultural county,it has become one of the most affluent counties in Guangdong and mainland China. Since 2009 it has been administered independently of Foshan city,answerable directly to the Guangdong provincial government.
According to archaeological discoveries,human settlements appeared during the Spring and Autumn period. In the third year of Jinghai era (1452 AD),after the Ming dynasty suppressed the rebellion led by Huang Xiao Yang (黃蕭養),Shunde county was formally established. Before that,this area was part of Nam Hoi county (Nanhai Xian) and Sun Hui county (Xinhui Xian).
The people of Daliang subdistrict of Shunde have a long history of consuming water buffalo cheese and milk products (particularly double skin milk dessert),which is why the township had begun promoting itself as the “Township of Milk and Honey” [3]
Shunde was a center for the development of the mulberry and sericulture industry in Guangdong province during the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. It was at this time that the Comb Sister culture emerged from Shunde in opposition to the strict patriarchal feudal system,allowing unmarried women to live financially independent with the social pressure of marriage lifted. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911,the feudal system and the silk production industry collapsed,ending the local Comb Sister custom.
The first outbreak of the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak was recorded in Shunde on 16 November 2002. [4]
Shunde was a county-level city until 8 December 2002,when it became a district of Foshan prefecture-level city. [5] Shunde has direct jurisdiction over four subdistricts and six towns:
Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010) [6] | Area (km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Daliang Subdistrict | 大良街道 | Dàliáng Jiēdào | 404,309 | 80.19 |
Ronggui Subdistrict | 容桂街道 | RóngguìJiēdào | 449,687 | 80.17 |
Leliu Subdistrict | 勒流街道 | LēiliúJiēdào | 252,364 | 90.84 |
Lunjiao Subdistrict | 伦教街道 | Lúnjiào Jiēdào | 184,479 | 59.21 |
Beijiao town | 北滘镇 | Běijiào Zhèn | 270,310 | 92.41 |
Lecong town | 乐从镇 | Lècóng Zhèn | 259,795 | 77.55 |
Jun'an town | 均安镇 | Jūn'ān Zhèn | 141,736 | 79.36 |
Xingtan town | 杏坛镇 | Xìngtán Zhèn | 144,537 | 122.07 |
Chencun town | 陈村镇 | Chéncūn Zhèn | 135,686 | 50.92 |
Longjiang town | 龙江镇 | Lóngjiāng Zhèn | 221,881 | 73.78 |
Unique as a district of any prefecture-level city in China,Shunde has been granted a degree of prefecture-level administrative autonomy over certain matters,notably economic development,independent of Foshan city,and has been answerable directly to the Guangdong Provincial government since 2009. [5]
Climate data for Shunde (1991–2020 normals,extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 28.4 (83.1) | 30.6 (87.1) | 32.0 (89.6) | 34.0 (93.2) | 39.5 (103.1) | 37.9 (100.2) | 38.7 (101.7) | 37.9 (100.2) | 37.2 (99.0) | 36.3 (97.3) | 32.5 (90.5) | 29.4 (84.9) | 39.5 (103.1) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.7 (65.7) | 20.2 (68.4) | 22.7 (72.9) | 27.0 (80.6) | 30.6 (87.1) | 32.5 (90.5) | 33.8 (92.8) | 33.5 (92.3) | 32.3 (90.1) | 29.4 (84.9) | 25.3 (77.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 27.2 (81.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.8 (58.6) | 16.3 (61.3) | 19.0 (66.2) | 23.2 (73.8) | 26.6 (79.9) | 28.5 (83.3) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.3 (84.7) | 28.3 (82.9) | 25.6 (78.1) | 21.3 (70.3) | 16.6 (61.9) | 23.3 (73.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.1 (53.8) | 13.7 (56.7) | 16.5 (61.7) | 20.6 (69.1) | 23.9 (75.0) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.5 (79.7) | 25.5 (77.9) | 22.8 (73.0) | 18.5 (65.3) | 13.8 (56.8) | 20.5 (69.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | 3.2 (37.8) | 4.8 (40.6) | 6.1 (43.0) | 10.4 (50.7) | 16.1 (61.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 22.4 (72.3) | 22.9 (73.2) | 19.3 (66.7) | 15.1 (59.2) | 7.1 (44.8) | 2.8 (37.0) | 2.8 (37.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 48.8 (1.92) | 51.0 (2.01) | 83.7 (3.30) | 174.0 (6.85) | 279.4 (11.00) | 312.8 (12.31) | 220.7 (8.69) | 259.6 (10.22) | 197.1 (7.76) | 72.7 (2.86) | 36.4 (1.43) | 36.4 (1.43) | 1,772.6 (69.78) |
Average precipitation days (≥0.1 mm) | 7.0 | 9.5 | 13.7 | 14.4 | 17.1 | 18.3 | 16.3 | 16.2 | 12.1 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 141 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 70 | 75 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 78 | 78 | 74 | 66 | 66 | 63 | 74 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 117.2 | 89.4 | 73.0 | 87.5 | 128.9 | 153.8 | 208.4 | 192.1 | 179.2 | 191.3 | 164.0 | 154.5 | 1,739.3 |
Percent possible sunshine | 35 | 28 | 20 | 23 | 31 | 38 | 51 | 48 | 49 | 54 | 50 | 47 | 40 |
Source:China Meteorological Administration [7] [8] |
Situated in the fertile Pearl River Delta,its economy was once dominated by agriculture,fisheries and silk farming. Since the implementation of policies related to reform and openness began in 1978,the people of this area were given full control over their geographical position and culture. This has allowed Shunde to gradually develop into a modern industrial boomtown,especially the manufacturing of furniture and electric appliances. [9] Major Mainland Chinese product brands are headquartered in Shunde with major production facilities. Recently a new technology industrial park has also been opened in this area,featuring car manufacturers such as Toyota.[ citation needed ]
Major Chinese companies such as Galanz, [10] Kelon,Country Garden [11] and Midea,has its headquarters in Shunde District.
Shunde was approved as a pilot city for the comprehensive reform of Guangdong in 1993, [5] and also for taking the lead in accomplishing modernization in 1999. From 2000 to 2003,Shunde was ranked first among China's top 100 counties for Basic Economic Competitiveness for four consecutive years (released by National Bureau of Statistics of China). In 2005,Shunde's GDP was 2,170 billion yuan. [12]
Today,this area has become one of the most affluent counties in Guangdong and mainland China (according to official information from the Chinese government and the United Nations).[ citation needed ] The GDP reached 127.5 billion yuan in 2007,an annual increase of 18%,and GDP per capita reached 107,991 yuan (ca. US$14,200).
Tourist attractions include the Qinghui Garden,which features fish ponds surrounded by osmanthus,bamboo and mulberry bushes, [13] as well as the Bruce Lee Memorial Museum located in Jun'an. Shunfengshan Park was opened to the public in 2004 and has a memorial archway which is 88 metres (289 ft) wide and 38 metres (125 ft) high. Baolin Temple is accessible through the park. [14]
Travelling from Shunde is easy with many different options. There are ferries and buses that go directly to Hong Kong,including an option to Hong Kong International Airport. Bus tickets can be purchased at the New World Centre Hotel. Macau is easily accessible by train,taking less than an hour. Guangzhou is accessible by train,taxi or bus. [15]
China’s southern city of Shunde joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as the city of gastronomy on Monday. Another 27 cities from 19 countries were also added to the list.
Shunde has long been widely regarded as the basis for exquisite Cantonese cuisine and the cradle of Cantonese cuisine chefs. While the cuisine of Guangzhou has been historically very minimalist in terms of flavorings,food from Shunde is known for its liberal use of ingredients such as sun dried tangerine peel and dates,resulting in simple but powerful flavors.
Launched in 2004,the UNESCO Creative Cities Network is celebrating its 10th anniversary this year. The network aims to foster international cooperation between cities committed to investing in creativity as a driver for sustainable urban development,social inclusion and enhanced cultural influence in the world.
By joining the network,cities commit to collaborate and develop partnerships with a view to promoting creativity and cultural industries,to share best practices,to strengthen participation in cultural life and to integrate culture in economic and social development plans.
The network covers seven thematic areas:craft and folk arts,design,film,gastronomy,Literature,media arts and music. It aims to promote international cooperation and encourage the sharing of experiences and resources to promote local development through culture and creativity.
With these new designations,the number of UNESCO Creative Cities Network members now totals 69.
Martial artist Bruce Lee's ancestral roots are traced to Gwan'on (Jun'an) in Seundak (Shunde). A street in the village is named after the actor,and his ancestral home is open to the public.
Other notable figures who are natives or trace their ancestry to Shunde include:
Guangdong,previously romanized as Kwangtung or Canton,is a coastal province in South China,on the north shore of the South China Sea. The provincial capital is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.84 million across a total area of about 179,800 km2 (69,400 sq mi),Guangdong is China's most populous province and its 15th-largest by area,as well as the third-most populous country subdivision in the world.
Sihui,formerly romanized as Szewui,is a county-level city in the west of the Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong province,China. It is administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Zhaoqing. Sihui's population is 640,910 in 2020.
Foshan is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong Province,China. The entire prefecture covers 3,848 km2 (1,486 sq mi) and had a population of 9,498,863 as of the 2020 census. The city is part of the western side of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone whose built-up area was home to 65,694,622 inhabitants as of 2020,making it the biggest urban area of the world.
Haizhu District is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou,the capital of Guangdong Province,China.
Heshan,formerly romanized as Hokshan,is a county-level city of Jiangmen City in the southern part of Guangdong Province,China with a total land area of 1,081 square kilometres (417 sq mi) and a population of 530,684 inhabitants as of 2020 census and some 200,000 internal migrants. The city is now being conurbated with Jiangmen and so included in the Guangzhou-Shenzhen Pearl River conurbation with more than 65,57 million inhabitants. There are approximately 360,000 people of Heshan origin or descent living in other parts of the world,particularly in the Americas such as Chile,Peru and the United States.
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Panyu,formerly romanized as Punyü,is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou,the capital of Guangdong Province,China. In January 1975,Panyu County is under Guangzhou's administration. In 1992,Panyu County renamed to Panyu county-level city and still under Guangzhou's administration. It renamed to Panyu District on 10 July 2000. The present district covers an area of about 530 km2 (200 sq mi).
Nanhai District,is a district of Foshan,Guangdong,China. Its government is the first to have developed e-government informatization at the county level in China.
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Nansha District and Nansha New Area is one of 11 urban districts and a state-level new area of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou,the capital of Guangdong Province,China. It is the home of the present-day port of Guangzhou,as well as the Nansha Wetland Park.
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Zengcheng District is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou,the capital of Guangdong Province,China.
Deqing County,formerly romanized as Takhing,is a county in western Guangdong province,China,under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhaoqing.
Guangning County,alternately romanized as Kwongning County,is a county in western Guangdong,China,under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhaoqing. Guangning County has an area of 2,380 square kilometers (920 sq mi),with a population of 408,112.
Huaiji County is a county of western Guangdong province,People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Zhaoqing City.
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)Headquarters Address: Country Garden Center,1 Country Garden Road,Beijiao Town, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong 528312 PRC