Stainmore

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Stainmore
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Mousegill, with Great Knipe behind
Location map United Kingdom Eden.svg
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Stainmore
Location in Eden, Cumbria
Cumbria UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Stainmore
Location within Cumbria
Population264 (2011) [1]
OS grid reference NY8314
Civil parish
  • Stainmore
District
Shire county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town KIRKBY STEPHEN
Postcode district CA17
Dialling code 01768
Police Cumbria
Fire Cumbria
Ambulance North West
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Cumbria
54°31′40″N2°15′35″W / 54.527879°N 2.259772°W / 54.527879; -2.259772

Stainmore is a remote geographic area in the Pennines on the border of Cumbria, County Durham and North Yorkshire. [2] [3] The name is used for a civil parish in the Eden District of Cumbria, England, including the villages of North Stainmore and South Stainmore. The parish had a population of 253 in the 2001 census, [4] increasing to 264 at the Census 2011. [1] Stainmore Forest stretches further east into County Durham, towards Bowes. [5]

Contents

Geography

Stainmore is drained by the River Belah and the River Balder. It is crossed by the Roman road from Bowes to Brough, now part of the A66, and formerly by the Stainmore Railway. Each of these lines of communication has made use of the relatively low broad saddle between the higher hills to north and south which is commonly referred to as the Stainmore Gap. The summit of the former railway is around 420 metres (1,380 ft) above sea level, though the roads climb to slightly higher elevations. [6] The Gap is coincident with the Stainmore Summit Fault which throws the relatively flat-lying Carboniferous rocks of the area down to the south. [7] It acted as a conduit for Lake District-originated ice to pass eastwards during one or more glacial periods. There are several Regionally Important Geological / Geomorphological Sites (RIGS) in the Stainmore area, and Bowes Moor is a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The locality gives its name to the Stainmore Trough, a geological structure originating during the Carboniferous period and which lies between the Alston Block to the north and the Askrigg Block to the south.

History

The place-name 'Stainmore' is first attested in a document of circa 990, where it appears as Stanmoir. It appears as Stanmore in the Charter Rolls for the reign of Henry II, and as Staynmor in the Placita de Quo Warranto of 1292. The name means 'stony moor'. [8]

According to Roger of Wendover, it was where Eric Bloodaxe (d. 954), recently expelled from York, was betrayed and killed, an event which some historians believe to have taken place in a great battle. [9] Ancient monuments include a Roman marching camp at Rey Cross and, immediately east of the camp, the Rey Cross itself ( 54°30′20″N2°08′55″W / 54.5056°N 2.14861°W / 54.5056; -2.14861 (Rey Cross) ), also called Rere Cross (Scheduled monument, no. 32713). [10]

The Ecclesiastical parish of Brough with Stainmore has two churches: St Michael's, Brough under Stainmore and St Stephen's, South Stainmore. [11] St Stephen's was built by Cuthbert Buckell in 1600 and rebuilt by Henry Tufton, 11th Earl of Thanet in 1842–1843. [12]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Westmorland</span> Historic county of England

Westmorland is an area of Northern England which was historically a county and is now fully part of Cumbria. People of the area are known as Westmerians. The area includes part of the Lake District and the southern Vale of Eden.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A66 road</span> Trans-Pennine A road in Northern England

The A66 is a major road in Northern England, which in part follows the course of the Roman road from Scotch Corner to Penrith. It runs from east of Middlesbrough in North Yorkshire to Workington in Cumbria. The road has been progressively improved with dual carriageway sections, but with stretches of single carriageway road. The road is set to be completely dualled between Scotch Corner and Penrith, with a £1.3 billion scheme being announced in March 2024.

Scotch Corner is a junction of the A1(M) and A66 trunk roads near Richmond in North Yorkshire, England. It has been described as "the modern gateway to Cumbria, the North East and Scotland", and is a primary destination signed from as far away as the M6 motorway, 50 miles away. The junction's name is derived from the fact that it is the point of divergence for traffic coming from London, the East Midlands and Yorkshire wishing to continue either to Edinburgh and eastern Scotland or to Glasgow and western Scotland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cross Fell</span> Mountain in Cumbria, England

Cross Fell is the highest mountain in the Pennines of Northern England and the highest point in England outside the Lake District. It is located in the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It lies within the county of Cumbria and the historic county boundaries of Cumberland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eden Valley Railway</span> Former railway

The Eden Valley Railway (EVR) was a railway in Cumbria, England. It ran between Clifton Junction near Penrith and Kirkby Stephen via Appleby-in-Westmorland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kirkby Stephen</span> Market town in Cumbria, England

Kirkby Stephen is a market town and civil parish in Cumbria, England. It lies on the A685 and is surrounded by sparsely populated hill country, about 25 miles (40 km) from the nearest larger towns, Kendal and Penrith. The River Eden rises 6 miles (10 km) away in the peat bogs below Hugh Seat and passes the eastern edge of the town. At the 2001 census the parish had a population of 1,832. In 2011, it had a population of 1,522.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orton, Westmorland and Furness</span> Village in Cumbria, England

Orton is a village and civil parish in Cumbria, England. It lies 15 miles (24 km) south of Penrith, 8 miles (13 km) from Appleby-in-Westmorland and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the M6 motorway. The village is in the upper Lune Valley, at the foot of Orton Scar in the Orton Fells. The Lake District is nearby. The parish includes a wide area outside the village, and had a population of 594 in 2001, decreasing to 588 at the 2011 Census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ravenstonedale</span> Human settlement in England

Ravenstonedale is a village and large civil parish in Cumbria, on the watershed between the River Lune and River Eden. The village lies 4 miles (6 km) south west of Kirkby Stephen. The parish includes the village of Newbiggin-on-Lune and several smaller settlements including Bowderdale, Brownber, Greenside, Stennerskeugh, Wath and Weasdale. Large areas of moorland lie within the parish, extending 5 miles (8 km) south west of the village to the northern side of the Howgill Fells. The parish had a population of 570 in 2001, increasing to 594 at the 2011 Census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brough, Cumbria</span> Human settlement in England

Brough, although colloquially pronounced ‘Broom’ by the locals and sometimes known as Brough under Stainmore, is a village and civil parish in the historic county of Westmorland and the ceremonial county of Cumbria, England, within the Westmorland and Furness unitary authority area, on the western fringe of the Pennines near Stainmore. The village is on the A66 trans-Pennine road, and the Swindale Beck, and is about 8 miles (13 km) south east of Appleby-in-Westmorland. Brough is situated 5 miles (8.0 km) north east of Kirkby Stephen and 28 miles (45 km) north east of Kendal on the A685.

Brough Sowerby is a village and civil parish in the Eden district of Cumbria, England. It is located 22.3 miles southeast of the town of Penrith. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 127, increasing to 137 at the 2011 Census. The village is near the River Belah. 'A township in Brough parish, Westmoreland; 1½ mile S of Brough. Acres, 1,083. Real property with Kaber, £3,664. Pop., 140. Houses, 32.' There are quite a few Black Bull inns in the area surrounding Brough Sowerby, this comes from the old Scottish black cattle that were driven through the market town of Kirkby Stephen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kirkby Thore</span> Human settlement in England

Kirkby Thore is a small village and civil parish in Cumbria, England, in the historic county of Westmorland. It is close to the Lake District national park and the Cumbrian Pennines. It includes the areas of Bridge End, in the southwest by the A66, and Cross End in the northeast of the village. In the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 731, increasing to 758 in the 2011 Census. The market town of Appleby-in-Westmorland is about five miles away, and the larger town of Penrith is about eight miles away.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bowes railway station</span> Disused railway station in County Durham, England

Bowes railway station was situated on the South Durham & Lancashire Union Railway between Barnard Castle and Kirkby Stephen East.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Warcop</span> Village in Cumbria, England

Warcop is a village and civil parish in the Eden district of Cumbria, England, which had a population of 532 at the 2011 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bowes Moor</span> Environmentally protected area in England

Bowes Moor is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the County Durham district in south-west County Durham, England. It is an extensive area of moorland, most of it covered by blanket bog, which supports significant breeding populations of a number of wading birds.

Stainmore may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smardale</span> Human settlement in England

Smardale is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Waitby, in the Eden district, in Cumbria, England. In 1891 the parish had a population of 36.

Lavatrae , also known as Lavatris, was a Roman fort in the modern-day village of Bowes, County Durham, England. The medieval Bowes Castle was built within the perimeter of the fort.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Verterae</span>

Verterae was a Roman fort in the modern-day village of Brough, Cumbria, England. Occupied between the 1st and 5th centuries AD, it protected a key Roman road in the north of England. In the 11th century, Brough Castle was built on part of the site by the Normans. Archaeologists explored the remains during the 20th century, and it is now protected under UK law.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rey Cross</span>

Rey Cross is the remains of a stone cross at Stainmore. It is also known as Rere Cross and is a Grade II* listed structure and a scheduled monument. It is located towards the western edge of County Durham, approximately 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) east of the border with Cumbria along the A66 road.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brocavum</span>

Brocavum is the Latin name of a Roman fort at Brougham near Penrith, Cumbria. The fort survives as earthworks, but no excavation of these has been carried out so far.

References

  1. 1 2 UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Stainmore Parish (E04002574)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics . Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  2. ↑ "Local History: Stainmore (County Durham)". County Councils of Northumberland and Durham. 11 September 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  3. ↑ Pearsall, W.H. (1941). "The "Mosses" of the Stainmore district". Journal of Ecology. 29 (1): 161. doi:10.2307/2256224. JSTOR   2256224.
  4. ↑ UK Census (2001). "Local Area Report – Stainmore Parish (16UF065)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics . Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  5. ↑ "Kelly's Directory of Westmorland". 1906. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  6. ↑ Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 scale Explorer map sheet OL19 Howgill Fells & Upper Eden Valley
  7. ↑ British Geological Survey 1:50,000 scale geological map sheet no 31 (England & Wales) Brough-under-Stainmore
  8. ↑ Eilert Ekwall.The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, p.436.
  9. ↑ Roger of Wendover's Flowers of History, Comprising the History of England from the Descent of the Saxons to A. D. 1235 Formerly Ascribed to Matthew Paris, trans. by J. A. Giles, 2 vols (London: Bohn, 1849), I, 256 (s.a. 950) https://archive.org/details/rogerofwendovers01rogemiss.
  10. ↑ "Roman Marching Camp Rey Cross, Durham". Roman-Britain.org. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015.
  11. ↑ "Brough with Stainmoor" . Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  12. ↑ "St Stephens Church (Stainmore St Stephen)" . Retrieved 20 June 2015.

Further reading


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