Symphyotrichum eulae

Symphyotrichum eulae
Conservation status
Apparently Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Symphyotrichum
Section:	Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum
Species:	S. eulae
Binomial name
Symphyotrichum eulae (Shinners) G.L.Nesom [2]
Endemic to Texas [3] [4] [a]
Synonyms [2]
Aster eulaeShinners

Symphyotrichum eulae (formerly Aster eulae) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae endemic to Texas. The common names Eula's aster and Texas aster have been used. It is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 5 to 150 centimeters (2 to 59 inches) in height. Its flowers have white to bluish or lavender-white ray florets and yellow then reddish to brown disk florets. It was named for Eula Whitehouse, American botanist, botanical illustrator, and plant collector.

Description

S. eulae is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach heights between 5 and 150 centimeters (2 and 59 inches). It grows from a long and thick rhizome and forms colonies of plants that each have one to three or more erect, straight, and stout glabrous (hairless) stems. Its flowers have white to bluish or lavender-white ray florets and yellow then reddish to brown disk florets. ^[6]

Chromosomes

It has a monoploid number (also called base number) of eight chromosomes (x = 8). The species is hexaploid with six sets of the chromosomes for a total chromosome count of 48. ^[6]

Taxonomy

Etymology

Symphyotrichum eulae was named by Shinners for Eula Whitehouse, American botanist, botanical illustrator, and plant collector. ^[7] The common names Eula's aster ^[6] and Texas aster have been used. ^[4]

Classification

Symphyotrichum eulae is classified in the subgenus Symphyotrichum, section Symphyotrichum, subsection Dumosi. ^[8] It is one of the "bushy asters and relatives." ^[9] Its basionym (original scientific name) is Aster eulae, ^[10] and its name with author citations is Symphyotrichum eulae(Shinners) G.L.Nesom . ^[2] Botanist Lloyd Herbert Shinners described the species in 1950, classifying it within the genus Aster . ^{[11] [12]}

Placement within Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum

• Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum sect. Conyzopsis [ref 1] : 271  S. ciliatum S. frondosum S. laurentianum sect. Occidentales [ref 1] : 271  S. chilense S. eatonii S. foliaceum S. greatae S. hallii S. hendersonii S. jessicae S. lentum S. molle S. spathulatum S. subspicatum sect. Turbinelli [ref 2] : 133  S. turbinellum sect. Symphyotrichum [ref 1] : 268  ssect. Dumosi [ref 1] : 269  S. boreale S. bullatum S. burgessii S. carnerosanum S. dumosum S. eulae S. lanceolatum S. lateriflorum S. leone S. nahanniense S. ontarionis S. praealtum S. racemosum S. schaffneri S. simmondsii S. tradescantii S. welshii ssect. Heterophylli [ref 2] : 133  ser. Concinni [ref 2] : 133    S. laeve S. oolentangiense ser. Cordifolii [ref 2] : 133    S. anomalum S. ciliolatum S. cordifolium S. drummondii S. shortii S. undulatum S. urophyllum ssect. Porteriani [ref 1] : 270  S. depauperatum S. kentuckiense S. parviceps S. pilosum S. porteri ssect. Symphyotrichum ser. Punicei [ref 2] : 133  S. elliottii S. firmum S. prenanthoides S. puniceum S. rhiannon ser. Symphyotrichum S. anticostense S. novi-belgii S. retroflexum S. robynsianum

  Cladogram references Nesom, G.L. (September 1994). "Review of the Taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), Emphasizing the New World Species". Phytologia . 77 (3) (published 31 January 1995): 141–297. ISSN   0031-9430 . Retrieved 23 August 2021– via Biodiversity Heritage Library. Semple, J.C.; Heard, S.B.; Brouillet, L. (2002). "Cultivated and Native Asters of Ontario (Compositae: Astereae)". University of Waterloo Biology Series. 41. Ontario: University of Waterloo: 1–134.

Distribution and habitat

Symphyotrichum eulae is endemic to Texas. Shinners reported that it had been found in the Texas counties of Bexar, Calhoun, Cooke, Dallas, Denton, Hill, Hunt, Kaufman, Navarro, Rockwall, Tarrant, Wise, and Wood. ^[3] In his 1950 protologue for the species, he said that it was "Common in north central Texas, from Hopkins and Wood west to Cooke and Wise counties; extending south to Bexar and Calhoun counties". ^[13]

The species is found in semi-shaded clay or sandy clay soils ^[13] at elevations up to 100 meters (330 feet). ^[6]

Conservation

As of January 2023 ^[update] , NatureServe listed Symphyotrichum eulae as Apparently Secure (G4) globally and the same (S4) in Texas. Data was provided by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Wildlife Diversity Branch. The global status of S. eulae was last reviewed by NatureServe on 1 February 1994. ^[1]

Notes

1. This is a county map of east central Texas showing the range of S. eulae as described by Lloyd Herbert Shinners. Darker green shaded counties were in Shinners' 1950 protologue of Aster eulae. Lighter green shaded counties are within the area covered by Shinners' description. Darker green counties are, alphabetically, as follows: Bexar, Calhoun, Cooke, Dallas, Denton, Hill, Hunt, Kaufman, Navarro, Rockwall, Tarrant, Wise, and Wood. ^[3] The following counties are shaded lighter green because they are within Shinners' range but are not specifically named by him: Anderson, Austin, Bastrop, Bell, Bosque, Brazos, Burleson, Caldwell, Collin, Colorado, Comal, Coryell, DeWitt, Ellis, Falls, Fayette, Freestone, Goliad, Gonzales, Guadalupe, Hays, Henderson, Hood, Jack, Johnson, Karnes, Lavaca, Lee, Leon, Limestone, Madison, McLennan, Milam, Parker, Rains, Robertson, Smith, Somervell, Travis, Van Zandt, Victoria, Waller, and Washington. Williamson, and Wilson. ^[5] Only McLennan County is green on the S. eulae page in the USDA PLANTS database. ^[4]

Citations

1. NatureServe (2023).
2. POWO (2023).
3. Shinners (1950), pp. 36, 37, 38.
4. NRCS (2014).
5. Shinners (1950), p. 36: "Common in north central Texas, from Hopkins and Wood west to Cooke and Wise counties; extending south to Bexar and Calhoun counties".
6. Brouillet et al. (2006).
7. Shinners (1950), p. 37.
8. Semple (2021b).
9. Semple (n.d.).
10. IPNI (2022b).
11. Shinners (1950), p. 35.
12. IPNI (2022a).
13. Shinners (1950), p. 36.

References

• Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; Allen, G.A.; Chambers, K.L.; Sundberg, S.D. (2006). "Symphyotrichum eulae". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 12 July 2021– via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
• IPNI (2022a). "Aster eulae Shinners, Field & Lab. 18: 35 (1950)". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens . Retrieved 24 October 2022.
• IPNI (2022b). "Symphyotrichum eulae (Shinners) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77(3): 281 (1995)". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens . Retrieved 24 October 2022.
• NatureServe (6 January 2023). "Symphyotrichum eulae Eula's American-aster". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
• NRCS (2014). "Symphyotrichum eulae". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 27 October 2022.
• POWO (2023). "Symphyotrichum eulae (Shinners) G.L.Nesom". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 18 January 2023.
• Semple, J.C. (n.d.). "Symphyotrichum subsect. Dumosi: Bushy Asters and Relatives". www.uwaterloo.ca . Ontario. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
• Semple, J.C. (27 April 2021a). "An overview of "asters" and the Tribe Astereae". www.uwaterloo.ca . Ontario. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
• Semple, J.C. (17 May 2021b). "Classification of Symphyotrichum in the restricted sense". www.uwaterloo.ca . Ontario. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
• Shinners, L.H. (1 January 1950). "Notes on Texas Compositae – V". Field & Laboratory . 18 (1). University Park, Texas: Southern Methodist University: 32–42. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.