Symphyotrichum dumosum | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Tribe: | Astereae |
Subtribe: | Symphyotrichinae |
Genus: | Symphyotrichum |
Subgenus: | Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum |
Section: | Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum |
Species: | S. dumosum |
Binomial name | |
Symphyotrichum dumosum | |
Native distribution [2] | |
Synonyms [2] | |
Basionym
Alphabetical list
|
Symphyotrichum dumosum (formerly Aster dumosus) is a species of flowering plant of the family Asteraceae commonly known as rice button aster [3] and bushy aster. [4] It is native to much of eastern and central North America, as well as Haiti and Dominican Republic. [4] It is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach a height of 1 meter (3 feet 3 inches).
Symphyotrichum dumosum is a perennial, herbaceous plant that grows up to 1 meter (3 feet 3 inches) high. [5]
Symphyotrichum dumosum is a late-summer and fall blooming perennial, with flower heads opening August–October. [5] The flower heads are about 13 millimeters (1⁄2 inch) diameter when in bloom [6] and grow in open and much-branched paniculiform arrays. Each has many tiny florets put together into what appear as one. [5]
On the outside the flower heads of all members of the family Asteraceae are small bracts that look like scales. These are called phyllaries , and together they form the involucre that protects the individual flowers in the head before they open. [lower-alpha 1] [7] The involucres of Symphyotrichum dumosum are cylinder-bell in shape and usually 4.5–6.3 mm (1⁄5–1⁄4 in) [lower-alpha 2] long. [5]
The phyllaries are appressed or slightly spreading. The shape of the outer phyllaries is oblong-oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, and the innermost phyllaries are linear. They are in 4–6 strongly unequal rows, meaning they are very staggered and do not end at the same point, and they are hairless. [5]
The 15–33 ray florets are blue, pink, purple, or white, with a length averaging 5–7 mm (1⁄5–3⁄10 in) [lower-alpha 3] and width of 1–1.7 mm (1⁄24–1⁄16 in). [5] Ray florets in the Symphyotrichum genus are exclusively female, each having a pistil (with style, stigma, and ovary) but no stamen; thus, ray florets accept pollen and each can develop a seed, but they produce no pollen. [8]
The 15–30 disk florets start out as pale yellow and turn pink with age. They are in the shape of a narrow funnel and are shallow at 3.5–4.5 mm (3⁄20–1⁄5 in) in depth. The disk florets are each made up of 5 petals, collectively a corolla , which open into 5 lanceolate lobes [lower-alpha 4] comprising less than 25% of the depth of the floret. [5] Disk florets in the Symphyotrichum genus are bisexual, each with both male (stamen, anthers, and filaments) and female reproductive parts; thus, a disk floret produces pollen and can develop a seed. [8]
Symphyotrichum dumosum has a chromosome number of x = 8. [9] Diploid and tetraploid cytotypes with respective chromosome counts of 16 and 32 have been reported. [5]
This species was long known as Aster dumosus before it was moved into its current genus due to a phylogenetic analysis performed by American botanist Guy L. Nesom. [10] The genus Aster has been narrowed considerably in scope in recent years, due to new information about the relationships of the species in the group. [11]
Symphyotrichum dumosum is classified in the subgenus Symphyotrichum, section Symphyotrichum, subsection Dumosi. [12] It is one of the "bushy asters and relatives." [9] The word Symphyotrichum has as its root the Greek symph, which means "coming together," and trichum, which means "hair." [13] The specific epithet (second part of the scientific name) dumosum is Latin neuter case of dumosus and means "full of thornbushes" and "bushy" (rare). [14]
Although the following infraspecies are no longer accepted varieties according to Catalogue of Life (COL), [4] Plants of the World Online (POWO), [2] and World Flora Online (WFO), [15] they were accepted as of June 2021 [update] by USDA PLANTS Database, [3] NatureServe, [1] and Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). [16] The autonym is Symphyotrichum dumosum var. dumosum.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cladogram references
|
Symphyotrichum dumosum has a recorded native presence in the wild in the Canadian province of Ontario, and in the United States in all states east of the Mississippi River except Vermont, as well as west of the Mississippi River in Iowa, Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana. [5] It is also native on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. [2]
It is an introduced species in New Brunswick, [1] and in the countries of Belgium, France, Great Britain, Poland, Romania, and Switzerland. [2] It is not on the European Union's List of invasive alien species of Union concern. [17]
Symphyotrichum dumosum is categorized on the United States National Wetland Plant List (NWPL) with Wetland Indicator Status Rating of Facultative (FAC), choosing wetlands or non-wetlands and adjusting accordingly. [18]
As of July 2021 [update] , NatureServe lists Symphyotrichum dumosum as Secure (G5) worldwide with notation that the global status was last reviewed in 1985. Some North American province and state statuses are as follows: Presumed Extirpated (SX) in Iowa, Possibly Extirpated (SH) in Maine, Critically Imperiled (S1) in Pennsylvania, Imperiled (S2) in Ontario and Ohio, and Vulnerable (S3) in New York and Florida. [1]
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae is a species of flowering plant in the aster family (Asteraceae) native to central and eastern North America. Commonly known as New England aster, hairy Michaelmas-daisy, or Michaelmas daisy, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant usually between 30 and 120 centimeters tall and 60 to 90 cm wide.
Symphyotrichum is a genus of over 100 species and naturally occurring hybrids of herbaceous annual and perennial plants in the composite family, Asteraceae, most which were formerly treated within the genus Aster. The majority are endemic to North America, but several also occur in the West Indies, Central and South America, as well as one species in eastern Eurasia. Several species have been introduced to Europe as garden specimens, most notably New England aster and New York aster.
Symphyotrichum ericoides, known as white heath aster, frost aster, or heath aster, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to much of central and eastern North America. It has been introduced to parts of Europe and western Asia.
Symphyotrichum cordifolium, commonly known as common blue wood aster, heartleaf aster, and blue wood-aster, is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to central and eastern North America. It reaches heights of up to 1.2 meters and has bluish daisy-like flowers which bloom late-summer and fall in its range.
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum is a species of flowering plant in the aster family (Asteraceae). Commonly known as calico aster, starved aster, and white woodland aster, it is native to eastern and central North America. It is a perennial and herbaceous plant that may reach heights up to 120 centimeters and widths up to 30 centimeters.
Symphyotrichum ascendens is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names western aster, long-leaved aster, and Rocky Mountain aster. Blooming July–September, it is native to western North America and can be found at elevations of 500–3,200 m (1,600–10,500 ft) in several habitats.
Symphyotrichum pilosum is a perennial, herbaceous, flowering plant in the Asteraceae family native to central and eastern North America. It is commonly called hairy white oldfield aster, frost aster, white heath aster, heath aster, hairy aster, common old field aster, old field aster, awl aster, nailrod, and steelweed. There are two varieties: Symphyotrichumpilosum var.pilosum, known by the common names previously listed, and Symphyotrichumpilosum var.pringlei, known as Pringle's aster. Both varieties are conservationally secure globally and in most provinces and states where they are native.
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to North America. Common names include panicled aster, lance-leaved aster, and white panicled aster. It is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 1.5 meters tall or more, sometimes approaching 2 m. The lance-shaped leaves are generally hairless but may feel slightly rough to the touch on the top because of tiny bristles. The flowers grow in clusters and branch in panicles. They have 16–50 white ray florets that are up to 14 millimeters long and sometimes tinged pink or purple. The flower centers consist of disk florets that begin as yellow and become purple as they mature.
Symphyotrichum falcatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Commonly called white prairie aster and western heath aster, it is native to a widespread area of central and western North America.
Symphyotrichum ontarionis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to eastern North America. Commonly known as Ontario aster and bottomland aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach heights of 120 centimeters. Each flower head has many tiny florets put together into what appear as one.
Symphyotrichum racemosum is a species of flowering plant native to parts of the United States and introduced in Canada. It is known as smooth white oldfield aster and small white aster. It is a perennial, herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae. It is a late-summer and fall blooming flower.
Symphyotrichum simmondsii is a species of flowering plant of the family Asteraceae endemic to the southeastern United States. Commonly known as Simmonds' aster, it is a colony-forming herbaceous perennial.
Symphyotrichum potosinum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to Mexico and the U.S. state of Arizona. Commonly known as Santa Rita Mountain aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach heights of 15 to 45 centimeters.
Symphyotrichum molle is a species of flowering plant in the aster family (Asteraceae) endemic to the Bighorn Mountains of Montana and Wyoming in the United States. Commonly known as soft aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that ranges from 30 to 60 centimeters in height.
Symphyotrichum pratense is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the southeastern United States. Commonly known as barrens silky aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 40 to 60 centimeters tall. Its flowers have rose-purple ray florets and pink then purple disk florets.
Symphyotrichum spathulatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to western North America including northwestern Mexico. Commonly known as western mountain aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 20 to 80 centimeters tall. Its flowers, which open in July and August, have violet ray florets and yellow disk florets.
Symphyotrichum chapmanii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the Apalachicola River drainage basin of Alabama and Florida. Commonly known as savanna aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 30 to 80 centimeters tall. Its flowers have purple to blue-lavender ray florets and pale yellow disk florets. It is a wetland species and is of conservation concern. It may be extirpated in Alabama.
Symphyotrichum schaffneri is a perennial, herbaceous species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to the states of Puebla and Veracruz, Mexico.
Symphyotrichum kentuckiense is a rare species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family and is commonly known as Kentucky aster, Price's aster, Miss Price's aster, Sadie's aster, or lavender oldfield aster. It is a perennial, herbaceous plant that is endemic to broken limestone cedar glades and roadsides in Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. It blooms from August through October, reaches heights between 30 centimeters and 100 cm (3.3 ft), and has green to reddish-brown stems. It is a nearly hairless plant with blue to blue-violet ray florets.
{{cite book}}
: |journal=
ignored (help)Genus name comes from the Greek symph meaning coming together and trich meaning hair in possible reference to the flower anthers.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: year (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: year (link)