The Transitional Federal Parliament of the Somali Republic (TFP) (Somali: Golaha Shacabka Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ee Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliya; often Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya) was the national parliament of Somalia from 2004 until 2012.
In a 2008 report called 'So Much to Fear' Human Rights Watch accused the Transitional Federal Government of human rights abuses and war crimes which include murder, rape, assault, and looting. The report also states that the TFG police force had also been implicated in arbitrary arrests of ordinary civilians in order to extort ransoms from their families.[1] The TFP was succeeded by the Federal Parliament of Somalia.
The TFP was the parliament of Somalia. It constituted the legislative branch of government, with the Transitional Federal Government representing the executive division. The Transitional Federal Parliament elected the President and Prime Minister, and had the authority to propose and pass laws. It was also in charged of governance and administration of Mogadishu, which was then the seat of the TFG. Members of Parliament (MP) were selected through traditional clan leaders or shura councils.
The Federal Parliament of Somalia was established on August 20, 2012, following the end of the Transitional Federal Government's mandate.[2]
The Transitional Federal Parliament, officially referred to as the Transitional Federal Assembly (TFA), was a unicameralnational assembly.[3]
It was formed in 2004 and originally included 275 members. Following the creation of a unity government in 2008–2009 between the Transitional Federal Government and moderate members of the Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia (ARS), the TFP's seats were increased to 550.[4]
Of those, 475 Members of Parliament were appointed following the 4.5 formula: 1 apportionment went to each of the four major Somali clans, while a coalition of minority clans received a quota of 0.5.[3]
The remaining 75 seats were reserved for business people and civil society representatives.[3] Article 29 of the Transitional Federal Charter also stipulated that at least 12% of all parliamentary members had to be women.
Speaker of Parliament
The first Speaker of the Transitional Federal Parliament was Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden. He held the position from September 15, 2004 to January 17, 2007, and was succeeded by Adan Mohamed Nuur Madobe.
On May 25, 2010, Sharif Hassan was re-elected parliamentary Speaker.[5]
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, also known as Abdiqasim Salad, is a Somali politician who served as the fifth President of Somalia from 2000 to 2004. He helped found the Transitional National Government and previously served as Interior Minister and Finance Minister in the government of Siad Barre.
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed was a Somali politician and former colonel in the Somali National Army. He was one of the founders of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front, as well as the Puntland state of Somalia, the latter of which he served as the first president. In 2004, Ahmed also helped establish the Transitional Federal Government, which he led as President of Somalia from 2004 until 2008.
During the civilian administration that existed prior to the seizure of power by the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) in 1969, there were a number of local political parties. Most notable of these early institutions was the Somali Youth League, the nation's first political organization. Upon assuming office, the Siad Barre-led SRC outlawed all extant political parties and advocated a form of scientific socialism inspired by Maoist China and the Soviet Union.
Sharif Sheikh Ahmed is a Somali politician who was the 7th President of Somalia from 2009 to 2012.
The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was internationally recognized as a provisional government of the Somalia from 14 October 2004 until 20 August 2012, when its tenure officially ended and the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) was inaugurated.
The Transitional National Government (TNG) was the internationally recognized central government of Somalia from 2000 to 2004.
Abdallah Deerow Isaaq, sometimes Abdullah Deerow Isaq, was a Somali politician. He served as the first Speaker of Parliament in the Transitional National Government of Somalia from 2000 to 2003, and was later the Minister of Constitutional and Federal Affairs in the Transitional Federal Government. He was assassinated in July 2006.
Following the civil war and the ensuing societal chaos, some factions managed to exert a degree of authority over certain regions of Somalia where they maintained broad, clan-based support. This allowed these factions to establish working administrations and eventually coherent states, and restored order to their regions. This occurred first in Puntland, Southwestern Somalia, Galmudug, Jubaland and finally Banadir.
Sharif Hassan Sheikh Adan is a Somali politician. He is a former Minister of Finance of Somalia, and the last speaker of the Transitional Federal Parliament (TFP).
The transitional federal government (TFG) was the government of Somalia between 2004 and 2012. Established 2004 in Djibouti through various international conferences, it was an attempt to restore national institutions to the country after the 1991 collapse of the Siad Barre government and the ensuing Somali Civil War.
Colonel Hasan Muhammad Nur Shatigadud (1946-2013) was a Somali politician and faction leader. He served as the chairman of the Rahanweyn Resistance Army (RRA), and subsequently as the first President of the short-lived Southwestern Somalia autonomous regional state. Shatigadud was later a Member of the Transitional Federal Parliament, and was eventually appointed Minister of Finance in the Transitional Federal Government. Shatigadud was succeeded as president by Madobe Nunow.
Adan Mohamed Nuur Madobe, popularly known as Aden Madobe, is the current Speaker of the Lower House of the Federal Parliament of Somalia since April 2022. He previously served as the First Deputy Chairman of the Rahanweyn Resistance Army, before later joining the newly formed Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia as Justice Minister and Speaker of the Transitional Federal Parliament. From 29 December 2008 to 31 January 2009, Madobe briefly served as acting president of Somalia. In January 2014, he was appointed Minister of Industry and Commerce.
The Sixth Clan is a women's network active in Somali politics founded by Asha Haji Elmi. The name stems from the fact that traditionally Somalia's society is said to consist of five major clans. The "sixth clan" is the pan-Somali women's movement.
The Alliance for the Re–liberation of Somalia (ARS) was a political party formed in Eritrea during September 2007 as the successor to the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) during the Ethiopian military occupation of Somalia. It served as the principal political opposition to the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (TFG) and participated in the 2007 and 2008 years of the insurgency.
Indirect presidential elections were held in Somalia on 10 September 2012. The newly appointed Federal Parliament elected Hassan Sheikh Mohamud as the first president of Somalia since the dissolution of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG). The election had previously been scheduled for 20 August, the same day that the mandate of the TFG expired, but was rescheduled for a later date.
The Federal Government of Somalia is the internationally recognised government of Somalia, and the first attempt to create a central government in Somalia since the collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic. It replaced the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia on 20 August 2012 with the adoption of the Constitution of Somalia.
The Federal Parliament of Somalia is the national parliament of Somalia. Formed in August 2012, it is based in the capital Mogadishu and is bicameral, consisting of an Upper House (Senate) and a Lower House.
Abdirizak Osman Hassan 'Jurile', commonly known as Jurile, is a Somali British politician, diplomat and professor, he served as Somali Minister of Planning and International Cooperation from July 2004 to December 2007, and later became Somali Minister of Postal Cooperation and Telecommunications. Jurile was twice or more a Member of the Federal Parliament's lower house, before moving to the Upper House (senate) of the Parliament of Somalia in October 2016. He was responsible administratively and operationally to build The Garowe–Bosaso Highway and the Port of Bosaso in the Bari province. The highway starts from the Port of Bosaso and continues south as a single carriageway up over the Al-Miskat hills and downwards toward Qardho. It continues from there around 205 km (127.6 mi) southwards to Garowe thereafter the thoroughfare joins the Mogadishu – Berbera highway.
The Political history of Somalia covers the development of the Somali government and institutional systems following the collapse of the Siad Barre regime in 1991.
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