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32 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Results including special elections Democratic gains Republican gains Democratic holds Republican holds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1924 were elections for the United States Senate which coincided with the election of Republican President Calvin Coolidge to a full term. The strong economy and Coolidge's popularity helped Republican candidates increase their majority by four, although several interim appointments had worsened their numbers since the 1922 election; as a result, the party achieved a net gain of only one seat since the previous voting cycle.
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprises the legislature of the United States. The Senate chamber is located in the north wing of the Capitol, in Washington, D.C.
The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major political parties in the United States; the other is its historic rival, the Democratic Party.
John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 30th president of the United States from 1923 to 1929. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor. His response to the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight and gave him a reputation as a man of decisive action. The next year, he was elected vice president of the United States, and he succeeded to the presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923. Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small government conservative and also as a man who said very little and had a rather dry sense of humor.
The Republicans gained from an open seat:
William Bliss Pine was a United States Senator from Oklahoma. Born in Illinois, he moved to Kansas and finally Oklahoma, where he became a prominent busineman and oil producer. As a senator, he was economically conservative, but considered progressive in his agricultural positions. With the onset of the Great Depression, he and many other Republican politicians were turned out of office.
Republicans also defeated Democratic incumbents:
Frederic Mosley Sackett served as a United States Senator from Kentucky and ambassador to Germany during the Hoover Administration.
Frederick Huntington Gillett was an American politician who served in the Massachusetts state government and both houses of the U.S. Congress between 1879 and 1931, including six years as Speaker of the House.
David Ignatius Walsh was a United States politician from Massachusetts. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 46th Governor of Massachusetts before serving several terms in the United States Senate.
A Republican defeated a Farmer–Labor incumbent:
Thomas David Schall was an American lawyer and politician. He served in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate from Minnesota. He was initially elected as a Progressive but later joined the Republican Party.
Magnus Johnson was an American farmer and politician. He served in the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives from Minnesota as a member of the Farmer–Labor Party.
A Democrat defeated a Republican incumbent:
Sam Gilbert Bratton was a United States Senator from New Mexico and a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.
Holm Olaf Bursum was a politician from the U.S. state of New Mexico, whose activities were instrumental for gaining statehood under the Taft Administration and later served as United States Senator from New Mexico.
The Republicans held two open seats:
Jesse Houghton Metcalf was a United States Senator from Rhode Island.
Guy Despard Goff was a United States Senator from West Virginia.
Davis Elkins was a United States Senator from West Virginia.
The Republicans held three seats in primary contests:
The Democrats held two seats in primary contests:
At the beginning of 1924.
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D38 Re-elected | D37 Re-elected | D36 Re-elected | D35 Re-elected | D34 Re-elected | D33 Re-elected | D32 Re-elected | D31 Re-elected | D30 Re-elected | D29 |
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D39 Hold | D40 Hold | D41 Gain | FL1 | R54 Gain | R53 Gain | R52 Gain | R51 Gain | R50 Hold | R49 Hold |
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R39 Ran | R40 Ran | R41 Ran | R42 Ran | R43 Ran | R44 Ran | R45 Ran | R46 Hold | R47 Hold | R48 Hold |
R38 Ran | R37 Ran | R36 Ran | R35 Ran | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 |
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D38 | D37 | D36 | D35 | D34 | D33 | D32 | D31 | D30 | D29 |
D39 | D40 | FL1 | R55 Gain | R54 Appointee elected | R53 Hold | R52 Hold | R51 | R50 | R49 |
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R39 | R40 | R41 | R42 | R43 | R44 | R45 | R46 | R47 | R48 |
R38 | R37 | R36 | R35 | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 |
R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28 |
R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 |
Key: |
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In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1924 or before March 4, 1925; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Colorado (Class 3) | Alva B. Adams | Democratic | 1923 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired to run for the Class 2 seat, see below. New senator elected November 4, 1924. Republican gain. | √ Rice W. Means (Republican) 50.2% Morrison Shafroth (Democratic) 43.7% Charles T. Phelps (Independent) 5.5% |
Michigan (Class 2) | James J. Couzens | Republican | 1922 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected November 4, 1924. | √ James J. Couzens (Republican) [Data unknown/missing.] |
Rhode Island (Class 2) | LeBaron B. Colt | Republican | 1913 1918 | Incumbent died August 18, 1924. New senator elected November 4, 1924. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. | √ Jesse H. Metcalf (Republican) 56.4% William S. Flynn (Democratic) 42.6% |
Connecticut (Class 3) | Frank B. Brandegee | Republican | 1905 (Special) 1909 1914 1920 | Incumbent died October 14, 1924. New senator elected December 16, 1924. Republican hold. | √ Hiram Bingham III (Republican) 60.4% Hamilton Holt (Democratic) 38.6% |
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1925; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Alabama | J. Tom Heflin | Democratic | 1920 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ J. Tom Heflin (Democratic) 75.2% F. H. Lathrop (Republican) 24.8% |
Arkansas | Joseph T. Robinson | Democratic | 1913 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Joseph T. Robinson (Democratic) 73.5% Charles F. Cole (Republican) 26.5% |
Colorado | Lawrence C. Phipps | Republican | 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Lawrence C. Phipps (Republican) 50.2% Alva B. Adams (Democratic) 43.9% Morton Alexander (Independent) 5.0% |
Delaware | L. Heisler Ball | Republican | 1903 (Special) 1906 (Lost) 1918 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican hold. | √ T. Coleman du Pont (Republican) 59.4% James M. Tunnell (Democratic) 40.6% |
Georgia | William J. Harris | Democratic | 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William J. Harris (Democratic) Unopposed |
Idaho | William E. Borah | Republican | 1907 1913 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William E. Borah (Republican) 79.5% Frank Martin (Democratic) 20.1% |
Illinois | Medill McCormick | Republican | 1918 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican hold. Incumbent then died and winner was appointed to finish the current term. | √ Charles S. Deneen (Republican) 63.5% Albert A. Sprague (Democratic) 35.4% |
Iowa | Smith W. Brookhart | Republican | 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. Election was later successfully challenged after the new senator had been seated. [1] | √ Smith W. Brookhart (Republican) 50.0% Daniel F. Steck (Democratic) 49.9% |
Kansas | Arthur Capper | Republican | 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Arthur Capper (Republican) 70.1% James Malone (Democratic) 25.2% |
Kentucky | Augustus O. Stanley | Democratic | 1918 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. | √ Frederic M. Sackett (Republican) 51.6% Augustus O. Stanley (Democratic) 48.4% |
Louisiana | Joseph E. Ransdell | Democratic | 1912 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Joseph E. Ransdell (Democratic) Unopposed |
Maine | Bert M. Fernald | Republican | 1916 (Special) 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Bert M. Fernald (Republican) 60.4% Fulton J. Redman (Democratic) 28.2% |
Massachusetts | David I. Walsh | Democratic | 1918 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. | √ Frederick H. Gillett (Republican) 50.3% David I. Walsh (Democratic) 48.6% |
Michigan | James Couzens | Republican | 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ James Couzens (Republican) 74.3% Mortimer E. Cooley (Democratic) 24.6% |
Minnesota | Magnus Johnson | Farmer–Labor | 1923 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican gain. | √ Thomas D. Schall (Republican) 46.5% Magnus Johnson (Farmer–Labor) 45.5% John J. Farrell (Democratic) 6.4% |
Mississippi | Pat Harrison | Democratic | 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Pat Harrison (Democratic) Unopposed |
Montana | Thomas J. Walsh | Democratic | 1913 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic) 52.8% Frank B. Linderman (Republican) 42.4% |
Nebraska | George W. Norris | Republican | 1913 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ George W. Norris (Republican) 62.4% J. J. Thomas (Democratic) 37.6% |
New Hampshire | Henry W. Keyes | Republican | 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Henry W. Keyes (Republican) 59.8% George E. Farrand (Democratic) 40.2% |
New Jersey | Walter E. Edge | Republican | 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Walter E. Edge (Republican) 61.8% Frederick W. Donnelly (Democratic) 33.7% |
New Mexico | Holm O. Bursum | Republican | 1921 (Appointed) 1921 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain. | √ Sam G. Bratton (Democratic) 49.9% Holm O. Bursum (Republican) 47.4% |
North Carolina | Furnifold M. Simmons | Democratic | 1901 1907 1913 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Furnifold M. Simmons (Democratic) 61.6% A. A. Whitener (Republican) 38.5% |
Oklahoma | Robert L. Owen | Democratic | 1907 1913 1918 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican gain. | √ William B. Pine (Republican) 61.6% John C. Walton (Democratic) 35.4% |
Oregon | Charles L. McNary | Republican | 1917 (Appointed) 1918 (Not elected) 1918 (Appointed) 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Charles L. McNary (Republican) 66.0% Milton A. Miller (Democratic) 24.7% F. E. Coulter (Progressive) 7.7% |
Rhode Island | LeBaron B. Colt | Republican | 1913 1918 | Incumbent died August 18, 1924. New senator elected. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above. | √ Jesse H. Metcalf (Republican) 57.6% William S. Flynn (Democratic) 41.8% |
South Carolina | Nathaniel B. Dial | Democratic | 1918 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold. | √ Coleman L. Blease (Democratic) Unopposed |
South Dakota | Thomas Sterling | Republican | 1913 1918 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican hold. | √ William H. McMaster (Republican) 45.4% U. S. G. Cherry (Democratic) 33.1% Tom Ayres (Farmer–Labor) 12.1% George Egan (Independent) 7.2% |
Tennessee | John K. Shields | Democratic | 1913 1918 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Democratic hold. | √ Lawrence D. Tyson (Democratic) 57.3% H. B. Lindsay (Republican) 42.6% |
Texas | Morris Sheppard | Democratic | 1913 (Special) 1913 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Morris Sheppard (Democratic) 85.4% T. M. Kennerly (Republican) 14.6% |
Virginia | Carter Glass | Democratic | 1920 1920 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Carter Glass (Democratic) 73.1% W. N. Noak (Republican) 24.2% |
West Virginia | Davis Elkins | Republican | 1911 (Appointed) 1911 (Retired) 1918 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. | √ Guy D. Goff (Republican) 50.9% William E. Chilton (Democratic) 47.7% |
Wyoming | Francis E. Warren | Republican | 1895 1901 1907 1913 1918 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Francis E. Warren (Republican) 55.2% Robert R. Rose (Democratic) 44.8% |
In these special elections, the winners were seated after March 4, 1925.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Wisconsin (Class 3) | Robert M. La Follette Sr. | Republican | 1905 1911 1916 1920 | Incumbent died June 18, 1925. New senator elected September 29, 1925. Republican hold. | √ Robert M. La Follette Jr. (Republican) 67.6% Edward F. Dithmar (Republican) 26.0% John M. Work (Socialist) 3.2% William G. Bruce (Independent Democratic) 3.1% |
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