Uzlovoy Module

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Mockup of the Uzlovoy Module at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center Mockup of Uzlovoy Module (Pritchal).jpg
Mockup of the Uzlovoy Module at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center

Uzlovoy Module ″Prichal″ also known as UM (Russian : Узловой Модуль ″Причал″, Nodal Module Berth) [1] is a Russian spacecraft which will form part of the International Space Station, and later the proposed Russian OPSEK space station. Approved in 2011 and scheduled for launch on June 2019 [2] , it is designed to connect modules of the future OPSEK space station.

Russian language East Slavic language

Russian is an East Slavic language, which is official in the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely used throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia. It was the de facto language of the Soviet Union until its dissolution on 25 December 1991. Although, nowadays, nearly three decades after the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russian is used in official capacity or in public life in all the post-Soviet nation-states, as well as in Israel and Mongolia, the rise of state-specific varieties of this language tends to be strongly denied in Russia, in line with the Russian World ideology.

International Space Station Habitable artificial satellite in low Earth orbit

The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component was launched into orbit in 1998, with the first long-term residents arriving in November 2000. It has been inhabited continuously since that date. The last pressurised module was fitted in 2011, and an experimental inflatable space habitat was added in 2016. The station is expected to operate until 2030. Development and assembly of the station continues, with several new elements scheduled for launch in 2019. The ISS is the largest human-made body in low Earth orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised habitation modules, structural trusses, solar arrays, radiators, docking ports, experiment bays and robotic arms. ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets and American Space Shuttles.

Space station Habitable artificial satellite

A space station, also known as an orbital station or an orbital space station, is a spacecraft capable of supporting crewmembers, which is designed to remain in space for an extended period of time and for other spacecraft to dock. A space station is distinguished from other spacecraft used for human spaceflight by lack of major propulsion or landing systems. Instead, other vehicles transport people and cargo to and from the station. As of 2018, one fully functioning space station is in Earth orbit: the International Space Station. Various other components of future space stations, such as Japan's space elevator and U.S. inflatable modules, are also being tested in orbit. Previous stations include the Almaz and Salyut series, Skylab, Mir, and Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2. China, Russia, the U.S., as well as a few private companies are all planning other stations for the coming decades.

Contents

Design

A view of the interior of the docking node of the Russian space station Mir's core module, showing the hatches leading to the station's various modules and the cables and hoses trailing through them. Mir node interior STS-84, 2.jpg
A view of the interior of the docking node of the Russian space station Mir's core module, showing the hatches leading to the station's various modules and the cables and hoses trailing through them.

The nodal module is intended to serve as the only permanent element of OPSEK, a Russian space station intended to support deep space manned exploration missions to Mars, possibly the Moon, and Saturn. Other OPSEK modules will be replaced as they reach the end of their useful life, whilst the Uzlovoy Module will be refurbished on orbit for an extended period.

The module has six hybrid docking ports. One port is equipped with an active docking port to allow docking with the space station, while the remaining five ports are passive, enabling other spacecraft to dock with the module. The Nadir, or earth-facing, port will support automated transfer of propellants between docked Russian spacecraft and the ROS in both directions, and automated docking of manned and unmanned spacecraft using the Kurs system. The docking compartment has an internal volume of 14 cubic metres.[ citation needed ]

In the current plans the Zvezda nadir location is scheduled to be used by the Nauka module.[ inconsistent ] Additionally the SO2 was put back in the plans, but relocated to Zvezda zenith location (the location for the cancelled SPP). [3] [ inconsistent ]

Nauka (ISS module) future component of the International Space Station

Nauka, also known as the Multipurpose Laboratory Module (MLM),, is a component of the International Space Station (ISS) which has not yet been launched into space. The MLM is funded by the Roscosmos State Corporation. In the original ISS plans, Nauka was to use the location of the Docking and Stowage Module. Later, the DSM was moved to Zarya's nadir port and named Rassvet. Planners anticipate Nauka will dock at Zvezda's nadir port, replacing Pirs.

Science Power Platform module

The Science Power Platform (SPP) was a planned Russian element of the International Space Station (ISS) that was intended to be delivered to the ISS by a Russian Proton rocket or Zenit rocket but was shifted to launch by Space Shuttle as part as a tradeoff agreement on other parts of the ISS.

Uzlovoy Module

In the mid-2000s, RKK Energia, the manufacturer of the ROS components, again added the UM to the future configuration of the ISS.[ clarification needed ] The proposal involves the addition of a Nodal Module (a significant modification of the UDM design, increasing the number of docking ports from 4 to 6 and taking into account its location at the Nauka nadir and at the same reducing its weight from 20 tons to 4 tons, partly by removing the additional life-support system [4] ) and adding two additional science/energy modules to the segment around 2013-2015. [5] [6] Despite its small size, this four-ton, ball-shaped module could play an extremely important role in the Russian space program. [3]

Russian Orbital Segment Russian components of the International Space Station

The Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) is the name given to the components of the International Space Station (ISS) constructed in Russia and operated by the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos). The ROS handles Guidance, Navigation & Control for the entire Station.

The Universal Docking Module (UDM), was a planned Russian docking module for the International Space Station, to be jointly built by RKK Energia and Khrunichev. The Uzlovoy Module addition to the Nauka module, the eventual form of the FGB-2 design upon which the UDM was based, grew out of this proposal.

The preliminary design was completed on 15 January 2011, when RKK Energia announced that its Scientific and Technical Council, NTS, conducted a meeting which reviewed and approved the preliminary design of the Nodal Module and associated hardware. The meeting also approved the specialized launch craft, a Progress cargo ship designated the Progress M-UM and the adaptation of the Soyuz rocket for the launch of the Progress M-UM spacecraft-module. [7] [3]

International Space Station

OPSEK is intended to be partially constructed in orbit whilst attached to the ISS. Equipped with six docking ports, the Uzlovoy Module is planned to remain in orbit whilst all other modules come and go as their life span and mission required. [3] [7]

The ball-shaped nodal module will support the docking of two scientific and power modules during the final stage of ISS assembly and provide the Russian orbital segment (ROS) additional docking ports to receive Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, as well as additional modules.

Launch

Annotated image of the Russian Orbital Segment configuration as of 2011, prior to the launch of Nauka and the NM. Russian Orbital Segment.png
Annotated image of the Russian Orbital Segment configuration as of 2011, prior to the launch of Nauka and the NM.

UM was expected to be incorporated into the ISS in 2018. [3] It will be launched along with the Progress M-UM spacecraft; a modified Progress spacecraft which will be used to deliver it to the space station. A Soyuz-2-1b carrier rocket will be used to place it into orbit. Uzlovoy Module will be docked to the nadir, or Earth-facing, port of the Nauka module. However, launch of Nauka was delayed to early 2018. [2] As of May 2018 launch is planned for June 2019. [2]

See also

Universal Docking Module

Related Research Articles

<i>Zvezda</i> (ISS module) ISS module

Zvezda, DOS-8, also known as the Zvezda Service Module, is a component of the International Space Station (ISS). It was the third module launched to the station, and provides all of the station's life support systems, some of which are supplemented in the USOS, as well as living quarters for two crew members. It is the structural and functional center of the Russian portion of the station - the Russian Orbital Segment.

Zarya first module of the International Space Station

Zarya, also known as the Functional Cargo Block or FGB, is the first module of the International Space Station to be launched. The FGB provided electrical power, storage, propulsion, and guidance to the ISS during the initial stage of assembly. With the launch and assembly in orbit of other modules with more specialized functionality, Zarya is now primarily used for storage, both inside the pressurized section and in the externally mounted fuel tanks. The Zarya is a descendant of the TKS spacecraft designed for the Russian Salyut program. The name Zarya, which means sunrise, was given to the FGB because it signified the dawn of a new era of international cooperation in space. Although it was built by a Russian company, it is owned by the United States.

The Russian Research Module (RM) was to be a Russian component of the International Space Station (ISS) that provided facilities for Russian science experiments and research.

Pirs (ISS module) docking compartment of the ISS

Pirs – also called "Stykovochny Otsek 1" ("SO-1") (Russian: Стыковочный отсек, "docking module" and DC-1 – is a Russian module on the International Space Station. Pirs was launched in August 2001. It provides the ISS with one docking port for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, and allows egress and ingress for spacewalks by cosmonauts using Russian Orlan space suits.

<i>Rassvet</i> (ISS module) component of the International Space Station

Rassvet, also known as the Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM-1) and formerly known as the Docking Cargo Module (DCM), is a component of the International Space Station (ISS). The module's design is similar to the Mir Docking Module launched on STS-74 in 1995. Rassvet is primarily used for cargo storage and as a docking port for visiting spacecraft. It was flown to the ISS aboard Space ShuttleAtlantis on the STS-132 mission on May 14, 2010, and was connected to the ISS on May 18. The hatch connecting Rassvet with the ISS was first opened on May 20. On 28 June 2010, the Soyuz TMA-19 spacecraft performed the first docking with the module.

Assembly of the International Space Station Wikimedia list article

The process of assembling the International Space Station (ISS) has been under way since the 1990s. Zarya, the first ISS module, was launched by a Proton rocket on November 20, 1998. The STS-88 shuttle mission followed two weeks after Zarya was launched, bringing Unity, the first of three node modules, and connecting it to Zarya. This bare 2-module core of the ISS remained unmanned for the next one and a half years, until in July 2000 the Russian module Zvezda was launched by a Proton rocket, allowing a maximum crew of two astronauts or cosmonauts to be on the ISS permanently.

Soyuz TMA-17

Soyuz TMA-17 was a human spaceflight mission to the International Space Station (ISS). TMA-17 crew members participated in ISS Expedition 22 and Expedition 23. The mission ended when the Soyuz TMA-17 capsule landed on June 2, 2010.

<i>Poisk</i> (ISS module) docking module of the International Space Station

Poisk, also known as the Mini-Research Module 2, Малый исследовательский модуль 2, or МИМ 2, is a docking module of the International Space Station. Its original name was Docking Module 2, as it is almost identical to the Pirs Docking Compartment. Added in 2009, Poisk was the first major Russian addition to the International Space Station since 2001. Poisk is overall the same design as a docking module Pirs. Whereas Pirs has been attached to the nadir ("bottom") port of Zvezda module, Poisk is attached to the zenith ("top"); Pirs is closer to the Earth with the ISS in its usual orientation, and Poisk is on the other side. Poisk is Russian for explore or search. Poisk combines various docking, EVA, and science capabilities. It has two egress hatches for EVA's in addition to the two spacecraft docking ports. Although Poisk is designated as Mini-Research Module 2, it arrived before Mini-Research Module 1 (Rassvet), which had a different design; Poisk looks more like the Pirs docking port, which is not designated as a mini-research module.

Functional Cargo Block spacecraft and International Space Station component

The Functional Cargo Block or FGB was part of the Soviet TKS spacecraft. The TKS spacecraft was intended to be used as a resupply craft for Almaz space stations and saw some test flights in the Salyut space station program. The TKS spacecraft was formed by mating a FGB with a VA spacecraft, with both the VA and the FGB being capable of independent operation.

Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex

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Progress M-09M

Progress M-09M, identified by NASA as Progress 41 or 41P, is a Progress spacecraft which was launched in 2011 to resupply the International Space Station. It was the ninth Progress-M 11F615A60 spacecraft to be launched, and has the serial number 409. The spacecraft was manufactured by RKK Energia, and is operated by the Russian Federal Space Agency. It arrived at the space station during Expedition 26, and undocked during Expedition 27.

Progress M-10M

Progress M-10M, identified by NASA as Progress 42 or 42P, is a Progress spacecraft which was launched on 27 April 2011 to resupply the International Space Station. It was the tenth Progress-M 11F615A60 spacecraft to be launched, and has the serial number 410. The spacecraft was manufactured by RKK Energia, and is operated by the Russian Federal Space Agency. On 29 April 2011 it arrived at the space station's Pirs Docking Compartment during Expedition 27.

Progress M-13M

Progress M-13M, identified by NASA as Progress 45 or 45P, is a Progress spacecraft which reached the International Space Station (ISS) on 2 November 2011. The Progress M-13M spacecraft lifted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 10:11 GMT on 30 October, starting off the 45th unmanned Russian space station resupply mission. The spacecraft was manufactured by RKK Energia, and is operated by the Russian Federal Space Agency. The Soyuz-U rocket carrying the cargo ship functioned nominally as advertised. Approximately nine minutes into the launch, Progress M-13M reached its planned preliminary orbit.

Progress M-15M

Progress M-15M, identified by NASA as Progress 47 or 47P, is a Progress spacecraft used by Roskosmos to resupply the International Space Station during 2012. The fifteenth Progress-M 11F615A60 spacecraft, it has the serial number 414 and was built by RKK Energia. It arrived at the ISS in late April to deliver supplies to the Expedition 30 crew, and departed the ISS in late July.

Science-Power Module-1 is a module scheduled to arrive at the international space station in 2022. It is going to dock to the Uzlovoy Module, which is scheduled to be attached to the Nauka Module. If Nauka is canceled, then both the Uzlovoy module and NEM-1 would dock at the zenith port of Zvezda. SPM-1 is also a required component for the OPSEK space station. The module is a new generation module which can replace the Zarya Functional Cargo Block (FGB) originally used in the TKS spacecraft which was the basis for the Zarya FGB module.

Soyuz MS-14 is a Soyuz spaceflight to the International Space Station planned for August 2019. It will carry no crew members, as it is intended to test a modification of the launch abort system for integration with the Soyuz-2.1a launch vehicle. Unlike the traditional Soyuz-FG launcher which is turned on its launchpad to set azimuth of its flight, Soyuz-2 performs a roll maneuver during its flight to change direction. The maneuver may trigger the analog launch abort system designed for Soyuz-FG. Soyuz MS-14 will test a solution for this issue. The 14th flight of Soyuz MS will be the 143rd flight of a Soyuz spacecraft. If all goes well, future crewed missions will use the new configuration starting with Soyuz MS-16 in early 2020.

References

  1. ↑ "В РКК "Энергия" утвердили эскиз нового узлового модуля МКС". Roskosmos. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 Pietrobon, Steven (16 May 2018). "Russian Launch Manifest" . Retrieved 17 May 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Node Module". Russian Space Web. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  4. ↑ Russian segment of the ISS
  5. ↑ "Russia Needs Billions More To Complete It's ISS Segment". Space-Travel.com. 14 April 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
  6. ↑ Sergei Shamsutdinov (July 2008). "Program for Development of the Russian ISS Segment" (in Russian). Novosti Kosmonavtiki. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  7. 1 2 "January 13, 2011. S.P. Korolev RSC Energia, Korolev, Moscow Region". S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia. 13 January 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2016.

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