X11 color names

Last updated

In computing, on the X Window System, X11 color names are represented in a simple text file, which maps certain strings to RGB color values. It was traditionally shipped with every X11 installation, hence the name, and is usually located in <X11root>/lib/X11/rgb.txt. The web colors list is descended from it but differs for certain color names. [1]

Contents

Color names are not standardized by Xlib or the X11 protocol. The list does not show continuity either in selected color values or in color names, and some color triplets have multiple names. Despite this, graphic designers and others got used to them, making it practically impossible to introduce a different list. In earlier releases of X11 (prior to the introduction of Xcms), server implementors were encouraged to modify the RGB values in the reference color database to account for gamma correction. [2]

As of X.Org Release 7.4 rgb.txt is no longer included in the roll up release, [3] and the list is built directly into the server. [4] The optional module xorg/app/rgb contains the stand-alone rgb.txt file.

The list first shipped with X10 release 3 (X10R3) on 7 June 1986, having been checked into RCS by Jim Gettys in 1985. [5] The same list was in X11R1 on 18 September 1987. Approximately the full list as is available today shipped with X11R4 on 29 January 1989, with substantial additions by Paul Ravelling (who added colors based on Sinclair Paints samples), John C. Thomas (who added colors based on a set of 72 Crayola crayons he had on hand) and Jim Fulton (who reconciled contributions to produce the X11R4 list). The project was running DEC VT240 terminals at the time, so would have worked to that device. [6]

In some applications multipart names are written with spaces, in others joined together, often in camel case. They are usually matched insensitive of case and the X Server source code contains spaced aliases for most entries; this article uses spaces and uppercase initials except where variants with spaces are not specified in the actual code.

Clashes between web and X11 colors in the CSS color scheme

The first versions of Mosaic and Netscape Navigator used the X11 colors as the basis for the web colors list, as both were originally X applications. The W3C specifications SVG and CSS level 3 module Color eventually adopted the X11 list with some changes. [7] The present W3C list is a superset of the 16 "VGA colors" defined in HTML 3.2 and CSS level 1.

One notable difference between X11 and W3C is the case of "Gray" and its variants. In HTML, "Gray" is specifically reserved for the 128 triplet (50% gray)  . However, in X11, "gray" was assigned to the 190 triplet (74.5%)  , which is close to W3C "Silver" at 192 (75.3%)  , and had "Light Gray" at 211 (83%)   and "Dark Gray" at 169 (66%)   counterparts. As a result, the combined CSS 3.0 color list that prevails on the web today produces "Dark Gray"   as a significantly lighter tone than plain "Gray"  , because "Dark Gray" was descended from X11 – for it did not exist in HTML nor CSS level 1 [8] – while "Gray" was descended from HTML. Even in the current draft for CSS 4.0, dark gray continues to be a lighter shade than gray. [9] Some browsers such as Netscape Navigator insisted on an "a" in any "Gray" except for "Light Grey".

Recent X releases also support the W3C definitions. In X11, the original definitions have been preserved (so "Dark Gray" remains a darker shade of "Gray"), but for every conflicting name pair, "Web" and additional "X11" prefixes have been added to ease disambiguation after the merger. The "X11" prefix is an alias for the non-prefixed version, i.e. "X11 Gray" = "Gray" ≠ "Web Gray". The W3C also defined a color that is equal to X11's "Green", but called it "Lime". In X11, this is simply called "Lime", as no such name existed before. It aliases to "Green", i.e. "Lime" = "Green" = "X11 Green" ≠ "Web Green".

Color names with clashing definitions
Color nameX11 colorW3C color
Hex Red Green Blue SampleSampleHexRedGreenBlue
Gray #BEBEBE75%75%75%  #80808050%50%50%
Green #00FF000%100%0%  #0080000%50%0%
Maroon #B0306069%19%38%  #80000050%0%0%
Purple #A020F063%13%94%  #80008050%0%50%
Colors with multiple names
W3C name [lower-alpha 1] ColorX11 name
Hex Red Green Blue Sample
Lime [10] #00FF000%100%0%  Green
Fuchsia [10] #FF00FF100%0%100%  Magenta
Aqua [10] #00FFFF0%100%100%  Cyan
  1. ↑ The original W3C names, as used in HTML4/CSS2, before the adoption of the non-colliding X11 names as alternatives.

Color name chart

The following chart presents the standardized X11 color names from the X.org source code. [11] The list of names accepted by browsers following W3C standards [12] slightly differs as explained above. The table does not show numbered gray and brightness variants as described below. Actual rgb.txt files and other color databases or palettes may differ since they are freely editable by vendors and users. The table shows component values in several notations of the RGB color space, i.e. RGB, HSL and HSV, conversions are done assuming sRGB color space.

X11 color names
Name Hex
(RGB)		 Red
(RGB)		 Green
(RGB)		 Blue
(RGB)		 Hue
(HSL/HSV)		 Satur.
(HSL)		 Light
(HSL)		 Satur.
(HSV)		 Value
(HSV)		Alternatives
Alice Blue #F0F8FF94%97%100%208°100%97%6%100%
Antique White #FAEBD798%92%84%34°78%91%14%98%
Aqua #00FFFF0%100%100%180°100%50%100%100%Cyan
Aquamarine #7FFFD450%100%83%160°100%75%50%100%
Azure #F0FFFF94%100%100%180°100%97%6%100%
Beige #F5F5DC96%96%86%60°56%91%10%96%
Bisque #FFE4C4100%89%77%33°100%88%23%100%
Black #0000000%0%0%0°0%0%0%0%
Blanched Almond #FFEBCD100%92%80%36°100%90%20%100%
Blue #0000FF0%0%100%240°100%50%100%100%
Blue Violet #8A2BE254%17%89%271°76%53%81%89%
Brown #A52A2A65%16%16%0°59%41%75%65%
Burlywood #DEB88787%72%53%34°57%70%39%87%
Cadet Blue #5F9EA037%62%63%182°26%50%41%63%
Chartreuse #7FFF0050%100%0%90°100%50%100%100%
Chocolate #D2691E82%41%12%25°75%47%86%82%
Coral #FF7F50100%50%31%16°100%66%69%100%
Cornflower Blue #6495ED39%58%93%219°79%66%58%93%
Cornsilk #FFF8DC100%97%86%48°100%93%14%100%
Crimson #DC143C86%8%24%348°83%47%91%86%
Cyan #00FFFF0%100%100%180°100%50%100%100%Aqua
Dark Blue #00008B0%0%55%240°100%27%100%55%
Dark Cyan #008B8B0%55%55%180°100%27%100%55%
Dark Goldenrod #B8860B72%53%4%43°89%38%94%72%
Dark Gray #A9A9A966%66%66%0°0%66%0%66%Dark Grey
Dark Green #0064000%39%0%120°100%20%100%39%
Dark Khaki #BDB76B74%72%42%56°38%58%43%74%
Dark Magenta #8B008B55%0%55%300°100%27%100%55%
Dark Olive Green #556B2F33%42%18%82°39%30%56%42%
Dark Orange #FF8C00100%55%0%33°100%50%100%100%
Dark Orchid #9932CC60%20%80%280°61%50%75%80%
Dark Red #8B000055%0%0%0°100%27%100%55%
Dark Salmon #E9967A91%59%48%15°72%70%48%91%
Dark Sea Green #8FBC8F56%74%56%120°25%65%24%74%
Dark Slate Blue #483D8B28%24%55%248°39%39%56%55%
Dark Slate Gray #2F4F4F18%31%31%180°25%25%41%31%Dark Slate Grey
Dark Turquoise #00CED10%81%82%181°100%41%100%82%
Dark Violet #9400D358%0%83%282°100%41%100%83%
Deep Pink #FF1493100%8%58%328°100%54%92%100%
Deep Sky Blue #00BFFF0%75%100%195°100%50%100%100%
Dim Gray #69696941%41%41%0°0%41%0%41%Dim Grey
Dodger Blue #1E90FF12%56%100%210°100%56%88%100%
Firebrick #B2222270%13%13%0°68%42%81%70%
Floral White #FFFAF0100%98%94%40°100%97%6%100%
Forest Green #228B2213%55%13%120°61%34%76%55%
Fuchsia #FF00FF100%0%100%300°100%50%100%100%Magenta
Gainsboro* #DCDCDC86%86%86%0°0%86%0%86%
Ghost White #F8F8FF97%97%100%240°100%99%3%100%
Gold #FFD700100%84%0%51°100%50%100%100%
Goldenrod #DAA52085%65%13%43°74%49%85%85%
Gray #BEBEBE75%75%75%0°0%75%0%75%Grey, X11 Gray, X11 Grey
Web Gray #80808050%50%50%0°0%50%0%50%Web Grey
Green #00FF000%100%0%120°100%50%100%100%X11 Green, Lime
Web Green #0080000%50%0%120°100%25%100%50%
Green Yellow #ADFF2F68%100%18%84°100%59%82%100%
Honeydew #F0FFF094%100%94%120°100%97%6%100%
Hot Pink #FF69B4100%41%71%330°100%71%59%100%
Indian Red #CD5C5C80%36%36%0°53%58%55%80%
Indigo #4B008229%0%51%275°100%26%100%51%
Ivory #FFFFF0100%100%94%60°100%97%6%100%
Khaki #F0E68C94%90%55%54°77%75%42%94%
Lavender #E6E6FA90%90%98%240°67%94%8%98%
Lavender Blush #FFF0F5100%94%96%340°100%97%6%100%
Lawn Green #7CFC0049%99%0%90°100%49%100%99%
Lemon Chiffon #FFFACD100%98%80%54°100%90%20%100%
Light Blue #ADD8E668%85%90%195°53%79%25%90%
Light Coral #F0808094%50%50%0°79%72%47%94%
Light Cyan #E0FFFF88%100%100%180°100%94%12%100%
Light Goldenrod #FAFAD298%98%82%60°80%90%16%98%
Light Gray #D3D3D383%83%83%0°0%83%0%83%Light Grey
Light Green #90EE9056%93%56%120°73%75%39%93%
Light Pink #FFB6C1100%71%76%351°100%86%29%100%
Light Salmon #FFA07A100%63%48%17°100%74%52%100%
Light Sea Green #20B2AA13%70%67%177°70%41%82%70%
Light Sky Blue #87CEFA53%81%98%203°92%76%46%98%
Light Slate Gray #77889947%53%60%210°14%53%22%60%Light Slate Grey
Light Steel Blue #B0C4DE69%77%87%214°41%78%21%87%
Light Yellow #FFFFE0100%100%88%60°100%94%12%100%
Lime #00FF000%100%0%120°100%50%100%100%
Lime Green #32CD3220%80%20%120°61%50%76%80%
Linen #FAF0E698%94%90%30°67%94%8%98%
Magenta #FF00FF100%0%100%300°100%50%100%100%Fuchsia
Maroon #B0306069%19%38%338°57%44%73%69%X11 Maroon
Web Maroon #80000050%0%0%0°100%25%100%50%
Medium Aquamarine #66CDAA40%80%67%160°51%60%50%80%
Medium Blue #0000CD0%0%80%240°100%40%100%80%
Medium Orchid #BA55D373%33%83%288°59%58%60%83%
Medium Purple #9370DB58%44%86%260°60%65%49%86%
Medium Sea Green #3CB37124%70%44%147°50%47%66%70%
Medium Slate Blue #7B68EE48%41%93%249°80%67%56%93%
Medium Spring Green #00FA9A0%98%60%157°100%49%100%98%
Medium Turquoise #48D1CC28%82%80%178°60%55%66%82%
Medium Violet Red #C7158578%8%52%322°81%43%89%78%
Midnight Blue #19197010%10%44%240°64%27%78%44%
Mint Cream #F5FFFA96%100%98%150°100%98%4%100%
Misty Rose #FFE4E1100%89%88%6°100%94%12%100%
Moccasin #FFE4B5100%89%71%38°100%86%29%100%
Navajo White #FFDEAD100%87%68%36°100%84%32%100%
Navy Blue #0000800%0%50%240°100%25%100%50%Navy
Old Lace #FDF5E699%96%90%39°85%95%9%99%
Olive #80800050%50%0%60°100%25%100%50%
Olive Drab #6B8E2342%56%14%80°61%35%75%56%
Orange #FFA500100%65%0%39°100%50%100%100%
Orange Red #FF4500100%27%0%16°100%50%100%100%
Orchid #DA70D685%44%84%302°59%65%49%85%
Pale Goldenrod #EEE8AA93%91%67%55°67%80%29%93%
Pale Green #98FB9860%98%60%120°93%79%39%98%
Pale Turquoise #AFEEEE69%93%93%180°65%81%26%93%
Pale Violet Red #DB709386%44%58%340°60%65%49%86%
Papaya Whip #FFEFD5100%94%84%37°100%92%16%100%
Peach Puff #FFDAB9100%85%73%28°100%86%27%100%
Peru #CD853F80%52%25%30°59%53%69%80%
Pink #FFC0CB100%75%80%350°100%88%25%100%
Plum #DDA0DD87%63%87%300°47%75%28%87%
Powder Blue #B0E0E669%88%90%187°52%80%23%90%
Purple #A020F063%13%94%277°87%53%87%94%X11 Purple
Web Purple #80008050%0%50%300°100%25%100%50%
Rebecca Purple #66339940%20%60%270°50%40%67%60%
Red #FF0000100%0%0%0°100%50%100%100%
Rosy Brown #BC8F8F74%56%56%0°25%65%24%74%
Royal Blue #4169E125%41%88%225°73%57%71%88%
Saddle Brown #8B451355%27%7%25°76%31%86%55%
Salmon #FA807298%50%45%6°93%71%54%98%
Sandy Brown #F4A46096%64%38%28°87%67%61%96%
Sea Green #2E8B5718%55%34%146°50%36%67%55%
Seashell #FFF5EE100%96%93%25°100%97%7%100%
Sienna #A0522D63%32%18%19°56%40%72%63%
Silver #C0C0C075%75%75%0°0%75%0%75%
Sky Blue #87CEEB53%81%92%197°71%73%43%92%
Slate Blue #6A5ACD42%35%80%248°54%58%56%80%
Slate Gray #70809044%50%56%210°13%50%22%56%Slate Grey
Snow #FFFAFA100%98%98%0°100%99%2%100%
Spring Green #00FF7F0%100%50%150°100%50%100%100%
Steel Blue #4682B427%51%71%207°44%49%61%71%
Tan #D2B48C82%71%55%34°44%69%33%82%
Teal #0080800%50%50%180°100%25%100%50%
Thistle #D8BFD885%75%85%300°24%80%12%85%
Tomato #FF6347100%39%28%9°100%64%72%100%
Turquoise #40E0D025%88%82%174°72%57%71%88%
Violet #EE82EE93%51%93%300°76%72%45%93%
Wheat #F5DEB396%87%70%39°77%83%27%96%
White #FFFFFF100%100%100%0°0%100%0%100%
White Smoke #F5F5F596%96%96%0°0%96%0%96%
Yellow #FFFF00100%100%0%60°100%50%100%100%
Yellow Green #9ACD3260%80%20%80°61%50%76%80%

* Prior to standardization as a web color, Gainsboro was included as one of the X11 color names. [13] It was, however, absent from the original 1987 version of the list, [14] but present in Paul Raveling's version [15] which added, amongst other things, "[l]ight and off-white colors, copied from several Sinclair Paints color samples". [16]

Color variations

Shades of gray

The complete rgb.txt defines 101 shades from 'Gray0' (black) up to 'Gray100' (white) in addition to 'Gray' and its variants listed above. The shades are apparently defined by the formula GrayN := round(N% × 255) resulting in e.g. 'Gray96'  , which happens to be the same as 'White Smoke'. Similarly 'Dim Gray' is the same as 'Gray41'  .

On the other hand, 'Gray'   lies between 'Gray74'   and 'Gray75'  ; 'Dark Gray'   is not the same as 'Gray66'  ; and 'Light Gray'   is not the same as 'Gray83'  .

These shades are not included in W3C specifications, although drafts for level 4 of the CSS Color module include a similar function gray(). They are still coded without 'Grey' alternatives, but with no space before the digit.

Numbered variants

For 78 colors (not counting grays), rgb.txt offers four variants "color1", "color2", "color3", and "color4", with "color1" sometimes corresponding to "color", so e.g. "Snow1" is the same as "Snow". Unlike base colors, e.g. cadet blue and CadetBlue, these are only coded without spaces, e.g. CadetBlue3. These variations are neither supported by popular browsers nor adopted by W3C standards. Whether or not a certain color has such variants seems random.

If "color1" is not the same as "color", the base color is usually darker. That means its brightness in HSB color notation is less than 100%; about 30 of the base colors are fully bright. The four variants (1...4) have rounded brightness values of 100%, 93%, 80% and 55%, respectively. Their hue and saturation are usually the same except for rounding. In some cases they differ from the base color, though, which may indicate that these variants were specified with alternate definitions of the bases in mind, i.e. their values were adapted to a certain monitor which was commonly done by vendors until the 1990s.

The fixed brightness settings correspond closely to these formulae to determine the RGB values:

color1 := color × 100%
color2 := color1 × 93.2%
color3 := color1 × 80.4%
color4 := color1 × 54.8%

Examples:

Named X11 colors with numbered variants (without grays)
NameHueSaturationBrightnessStandardVariant 1 (100%)Variant 2 (93%)Variant 3 (80%)Variant 4 (55%)
Antique White34±1°14%98%#FAEBD7#FFEFDB#EEDFCC#CDC0B0#8B8378
Aquamarine160°50%100%#7FFFD4←#76EEC6#66CDAA#458B74
Azure180°6%100%#F0FFFF←#E0EEEE#C1CDCD#838B8B
Bisque33±1°23%100%#FFE4C4←#EED5B7#CDB79E#8B7D6B
Blue240°100%100%#0000FF←#0000EE#0000CD#00008B
Brown0°75%65%#A52A2A#FF4040#EE3B3B#CD3333#8B2323
Burlywood34°39%87%#DEB887#FFD39B#EEC591#CDAA7D#8B7355
Cadet Blue182–186°>40%63%#5F9EA0#98F5FF#8EE5EE#7AC5CD#53868B
Chartreuse90°100%100%#7FFF00←#76EE00#66CD00#458B00
Chocolate25°86%82%#D2691E#FF7F24#EE7621#CD661D#8B4513
Coral10°/16°66%/69%100%#FF7F50#FF7256#EE6A50#CD5B45#8B3E2F
Cornsilk48–51°14%100%#FFF8DC←#EEE8CD#CDC8B1#8B8878
Cyan180°100%100%#00FFFF←#00EEEE#00CDCD#008B8B
Dark Goldenrod43°94%72%#B8860B#FFB90F#EEAD0E#CD950C#8B6508
Dark Olive Green82°56%42%#556B2F#CAFF70#BCEE68#A2CD5A#6E8B3D
Dark Orange30°/33°100%100%#FF8C00#FF7F00#EE7600#CD6600#8B4500
Dark Orchid280°76%80%#9932CC#BF3EFF#B23AEE#9A32CD#68228B
Dark Sea Green120°24%74%#8FBC8F#C1FFC1#B4EEB4#9BCD9B#698B69
Dark Slate Gray180°41%31%#2F4F4F#97FFFF#8DEEEE#79CDCD#528B8B
Deep Pink328°92%100%#FF1493←#EE1289#CD1076#8B0A50
Deep Sky Blue195°100%100%#00BFFF←#00B2EE#009ACD#00688B
Dodger Blue210°88%100%#1E90FF←#1C86EE#1874CD#104E8B
Firebrick0°81%70%#B22222#FF3030#EE2C2C#CD2626#8B1A1A
Gold51°100%100%#FFD700←#EEC900#CDAD00#8B7500
Goldenrod43°86%86%#DAA520#FFC125#EEB422#CD9B1D#8B6914
Green120°100%100%#00FF00←#00EE00#00CD00#008B00
Honeydew120°6%100%#F0FFF0←#E0EEE0#C1CDC1#838B83
Hot Pink330–334°53–59%100%#FF69B4#FF6EB4#EE6AA7#CD6090#8B3A62
Indian Red0°55–59%80%#CD5C5C#FF6A6A#EE6363#CD5555#8B3A3A
Ivory60°6%100%#FFFFF0←#EEEEE0#CDCDC1#8B8B83
Khaki55°44%100%#F0E68C#FFF68F#EEE685#CDC673#8B864E
Lavender Blush339±1°6%100%#FFF0F5←#EEE0E5#CDC1C5#8B8386
Lemon Chiffon54°20%100%#FFFACD←#EEE9BF#CDC9A5#8B8970
Light Blue195°25%90%#ADD8E6#BFEFFF#B2DFEE#9AC0CD#68838B
Light Cyan180°12%100%#E0FFFF←#D1EEEE#B4CDCD#7A8B8B
Light Goldenrod50°45%93%#EEDD82#FFEC8B#EEDC82#CDBE70#8B814C
Light Pink351°/352°29%/32%100%#FFB6C1#FFAEB9#EEA2AD#CD8C95#8B5F65
Light Salmon17°52%100%#FFA07A←#EE9572#CD8162#8B5742
Light Sky Blue202°/203°31%/46%100%#87CEFA#B0E2FF#A4D3EE#8DB6CD#607B8B
Light Steel Blue214°21%87%#B0C4DE#CAE1FF#BCD2EE#A2B5CD#6E7B8B
Light Yellow60°12%100%#FFFFE0←#EEEED1#CDCDB4#8B8B7A
Magenta300°100%100%#FF00FF←#EE00EE#CD00CD#8B008B
Maroon322°/338°73%/80%69%#B03060#FF34B3#EE30A7#CD2990#8B1C62
Medium Orchid288°60%83%#BA55D3#E066FF#D15FEE#B452CD#7A378B
Medium Purple260°49%86%#9370DB#AB82FF#9F79EE#8968CD#5D478B
Misty Rose6°12%100%#FFE4E1←#EED5D2#CDB7B5#8B7D7B
Navajo White36°32%100%#FFDEAD←#EECFA1#CDB38B#8B795E
Olive Drab80°76%56%#6B8E23#C0FF3E#B3EE3A#9ACD32#698B22
Orange39°100%100%#FFA500←#EE9A00#CD8500#8B5A00
Orange Red16°100%100%#FF4500←#EE4000#CD3700#8B2500
Orchid302°49%86%#DA70D6#FF83FA#EE7AE9#CD69C9#8B4789
Pale Green120°40%98%#98FB98#9AFF9A#90EE90#7CCD7C#548B54
Pale Turquoise180°27%93%#AFEEEE#BBFFFF#AEEEEE#96CDCD#668B8B
Pale Violet Red340°49%86%#DB7093#FF82AB#EE799F#CD6889#8B475D
Peach Puff28°27%100%#FFDAB9←#EECBAD#CDAF95#8B7765
Pink347°/350°25%/29%100%#FFC0CB#FFB5C5#EEA9B8#CD919E#8B636C
Plum300°27%87%#DDA0DD#FFBBFF#EEAEEE#CD96CD#8B668B
Purple271°/277°81%/87%94%#A020F0#9B30FF#912CEE#7D26CD#551A8B
Red0°100%100%#FF0000←#EE0000#CD0000#8B0000
Rosy Brown0°24%74%#BC8F8F#FFC1C1#EEB4B4#CD9B9B#8B6969
Royal Blue225°72%88%#4169E1#4876FF#436EEE#3A5FCD#27408B
Salmon6°/14°54%/59%98%#FA8072#FF8C69#EE8262#CD7054#8B4C39
Sea Green147°67%55%#2E8B57#54FF9F#4EEE94#43CD80#2E8B57
Seashell26±1°7%100%#FFF5EE←#EEE5DE#CDC5BF#8B8682
Sienna19°72%63%#A0522D#FF8247#EE7942#CD6839#8B4726
Sky Blue197°/205°43%/47%92%#87CEEB#87CEFF#7EC0EE#6CA6CD#4A708B
Slate Blue248°57%80%#6A5ACD#836FFF#7A67EE#6959CD#473C8B
Slate Gray210°22%57%#708090#C6E2FF#B9D3EE#9FB6CD#6C7B8B
Snow0°2%100%#FFFAFA←#EEE9E9#CDC9C9#8B8989
Spring Green150°100%100%#00FF7F←#00EE76#00CD66#008B45
Steel Blue207°61%71%#4682B4#63B8FF#5CACEE#4F94CD#36648B
Tan30°/34°33%/69%82%#D2B48C#FFA54F#EE9A49#CD853F#8B5A2B
Thistle300°12%85%#D8BFD8#FFE1FF#EED2EE#CDB5CD#8B7B8B
Tomato9°72%100%#FF6347←#EE5C42#CD4F39#8B3626
Turquoise174°/182°71%/100%88%#40E0D0#00F5FF#00E5EE#00C5CD#00868B
Violet Red322°/333°76%/85%82%#D02090#FF3E96#EE3A8C#CD3278#8B2252
Wheat39°27%96%#F5DEB3#FFE7BA#EED8AE#CDBA96#8B7E66
Yellow60°100%100%#FFFF00←#EEEE00#CDCD00#8B8B00

Prefixed variants

Some color names appear to be brightness or saturation modifications of others because they bear prefixes such as Dark, Light, Medium, Pale or Deep, but there is no systematic variation apparent. Several sets, however, feature a Dark variant with 55% brightness and some have their Medium at about 80%.

"Light Goldenrod Yellow" and "Dark Olive Green" are special, because there are no corresponding color entries without Dark and Light prefixes.

Color names with modifier prefix
Color nameBasePaleLightMediumDarkDeepother
Aquamarine100% bright80% bright
Blue100% brightcomplex80% bright55% bright
Slate Blue80% bright100% bright93% bright55% bright
Sky Bluecomplex100% saturated and bright
Steel Bluecomplex
Coralcomplex
Cyan100% bright, 50% light94% light55% bright
Goldenrodcomplexcomplexcomplexcomplex
Gray75% bright83% bright66% bright41% bright
Slate Gray57% bright60% brightcomplex
Green100% bright98% bright93% bright39% bright50% bright
Olive Green—complexcomplex
Sea Green55% brightcomplex70% brightcomplex
Spring Green100% brightcomplex
Khaki94% bright74% bright
Magenta100% bright55% bright
Orange39° hue33° hue
Orchidcomplexcomplex
Pink88% light86% lightcomplexcomplex
Purplecomplexcomplex
Violet Red47% light, 82% brightcomplex43% light, 78% bright
Red100% bright55% bright
Salmoncomplexcomplex
Turquoisecomplexcomplexcomplex
Violetcomplex
Yellow50% light94% light

Nuances with different hue

Several groups of colors share the same lightness or brightness and saturation. These nuances differ only by hue.

100%/25%
0°   (Web) Maroon, 60°   Olive, 120°   Green, 180°   Teal, 240°   Navy (Blue), 300°   (Web) Purple
100%/27%
0°   Dark Red, 180°   Dark Cyan, 240°   Dark Blue, 300°   Dark Magenta
100%/41%
181°   Dark Turquoise, 282°   Dark Violet
100%/49%
90°   Lawn Green, 157°   Medium Spring Green
61%/50%
80°   Yellow Green, 120°   Lime Green, 280°   Dark Orchid
100%/50%
0°   Red, 16°   Orange Red, 33°   Dark Orange, 39°   Orange, 51°   Gold, 60°   Yellow, 90°   Chartreuse, 120°   (Lime) Green, 150°   Spring Green, 180°   Aqua / Cyan, 195°   Deep Sky Blue, 240°   Blue, 300°   Fuchsia / Magenta
25%/65%
0°   Rosy Brown, 120°   Dark Sea Green
59–60%/65%
260°   Medium Purple, 302°   Orchid, 340°   Pale Violet Red
100%/86%
38°   Moccasin, 351°   Light Pink
100%/90%
36°   Blanched Almond, 54°   Lemon Chiffon
67%/94%
30°   Linen, 240°   Lavender
100%/94%
6°   Misty Rose, 60°   Light Yellow, 180°   Light Cyan
100%/97%
25°   Seashell, 40°   Floral White, 60°   Ivory, 120°   Honeydew, 180°   Azure, 208°   Alice Blue, 340°   Lavender Blush
100%/99%
0°   Snow, 240°   Ghost White

Tints and shades with different lightness

Several groups of colors share the same hue and HSL saturation. Tints are lighter than a base color, shades are darker.

0°/0%
0%   Black, 41%   Dim Gray, 50%   (Web) Gray, 66%   Dark Gray, 75%   (X11) Gray, 75%   Silver, 83%   Light Gray, 86%   Gainsboro, 96%   White Smoke, 100%   White
0°/100%
25%   (Web) Maroon, 27%   Dark Red, 50%   Red, 99%   Snow
16°/100%
50%   Orange Red, 66%   Coral
33°/100%
50%   Dark Orange, 88%   Bisque
36°/100%
84%   Navajo White, 90%   Blanched Almond
60°/100%
25%   Olive, 50%   Yellow, 94%   Light Yellow, 97%   Ivory
80°/61%
35%   Olive Drab, 50%   Yellow Green
90°/100%
49%   Lawn Green, 50%   Chartreuse
120°/61%
34%   Forest Green, 50%   Lime Green
120°/100%
20%   Dark Green, 25%   (Web) Green, 50%   (X11) Green / Lime, 97%   Honeydew
146–147°/50%
36%   Sea Green, 47%   Medium Sea Green
150°/100%
50%   Spring Green, 98%   Mint Cream
180–181°/100%
25%   Teal, 27%   Dark Cyan, 41%   Dark Turquoise, 50%   Aqua / Cyan, 94%   Light Cyan, 97%   Azure
240°/100%
25%   Navy Blue, 27%   Dark Blue, 40%   Medium Blue, 50%   Blue, 99%   Ghost White
300°/100%
25%   (Web) Purple, 27%   Dark Magenta, 50%   Fuchsia / Magenta
328–330°/100%
54%   Deep Pink, 71%   Hot Pink
350–351°/100%
88%   Pink, 86%   Light Pink

Tones with different saturation

Some pairs of colors share the same lightness and hue. These tones differ only by saturation. Tones are far less common in the X11 set than nuances, tints and shades.

0°/41%
0%   Dim Gray, 59%   Brown
120°/50%
61%   Lime Green, 100%   Green / Lime
180°/25%
25%   Dark Slate Gray, 100%   Teal
240°/27%
64%   Midnight Blue, 100%   Dark Blue

Derived lists

The Printer Working Group (PWG) of the IEEE publishes a standard, PWG 5101.1, whose mandatory color names are based upon RFC 3805, successor to RFC 1759 which imported the functional color names other, unknown and transparent alongside seven basic colors from ISO 10175 (DPA) and ISO 10180 (SPDL), and JTAPI. [17] This standard has four variants for each non-monochromatic color: clear (50% transparent), dark, light and the default. Wherever possible, the values are the same as in the W3C adaptation of the X11 list, except for Turquoise which is   instead of  . Missing variant values have been added systematically. Buff and Mustard are completely new color names. Light Black and Gray correspond to the same color.

PWG 5101.1 Media Color Names
Name Hex
(RGB)		 Red
(RGB)		 Green
(RGB)		 Blue
(RGB)		 Hue
(HSL/HSV)		 Satur.
(HSL)		 Light
(HSL)		 Satur.
(HSV)		 Value
(HSV)		X11/W3C (Source)
Black #0000000%0%0%0°0%0%0%0%Black
Light Black #80808050%50%50%0°0%50%0%50%Gray
Blue #0000FF0%0%100%240°100%50%100%100%Blue (RFC)
Dark Blue #00008B0%0%55%240°100%27%100%55%Dark Blue
Light Blue #ADD8E668%85%90%195°53%79%25%90%Light Blue
Brown #A52A2A65%16%16%0°59%41%75%65%Brown
Dark Brown #5C403336%25%20%19°29%28%45%36%
Light Brown #99660060%40%0%40°100%30%100%60%
Buff #F0DC8294%86%51%49°79%73%46%94%(RFC)
Dark Buff #97663859%40%22%29°46%41%63%59%
Light Buff #ECD9B093%85%69%41°61%81%25%93%
Cyan #00FFFF0%100%100%180°100%50%100%100%Aqua / Cyan
Dark Cyan #008B8B0%55%55%180°100%27%100%55%Dark Cyan
Light Cyan #E0FFFF88%100%100%180°100%94%12%100%Light Cyan
Gold #FFD700100%84%0%51°100%50%100%100%Gold
Dark Gold #EEBC1D93%74%11%46°86%52%88%93%
Light Gold #F1E5AC95%90%67%50°71%81%29%95%
Goldenrod #DAA52085%65%13%43°74%49%85%86%Goldenrod (RFC)
Dark Goldenrod #B8860B72%53%4%43°89%38%94%72%Dark Goldenrod
Light Goldenrod #FFEC8B100%93%55%50°100%77%46%100%Light Goldenrod 1
Gray #80808050%50%50%0°0%50%0%50%Gray
Dark Gray #40404025%25%25%0°0%25%0%25%
Light Gray #D3D3D383%83%83%0°0%83%0%83%Light Gray
Green #0080000%50%0%120°100%25%100%50%(W3C) Green (RFC)
Dark Green #0064000%39%0%120°100%20%100%39%Dark Green
Light Green #90EE9056%93%56%120°73%75%40%93%Light Green
Ivory #FFFFF0100%100%94%60°100%97%6%100%Ivory
Dark Ivory #F2E58F95%90%56%52°79%76%41%95%
Light Ivory #FFF8C9100%97%79%52°100%89%21%100%
Magenta #FF00FF100%0%100%300°100%50%100%100%Magenta
Dark Magenta #8B008B55%0%55%300°100%27%100%55%Dark Magenta, Magenta 4
Light Magenta #FF77FF100%47%100%300°100%73%53%100%
Mustard #FFDB58100%86%35%47°100%67%66%100%
Dark Mustard #7C7C4049%49%25%60°32%37%48%49%
Light Mustard #EEDD6293%87%38%53°81%66%59%93%
Orange #FFA500100%65%0%39°100%50%100%100%Orange
Dark Orange #FF8C00100%55%0%33°100%50%100%100%Dark Orange
Light Orange #D9A46585%64%40%33°60%62%54%85%
Pink #FFC0CB100%75%80%350°100%88%25%100%Pink (RFC)
Dark Pink #E7548091%33%50%342°75%62%64%91%
Light Pink #FFB6C1100%71%76%351°100%86%29%100%Light Pink
Red #FF0000100%0%0%0°100%50%100%100%Red
Dark Red #8B000055%0%0%0°100%27%100%55%Dark Red, Red 4
Light Red #FF3333100%20%20%0°100%60%80%100%
Silver #C0C0C075%75%75%0°0%75%0%75%Silver
Dark Silver #AFAFAF69%69%69%0°0%69%0%69%
Light Silver #E1E1E188%88%88%0°0%88%0%88%
Turquoise #30D5C819%84%78%175°66%51%78%84%(0x40E0D0)
Dark Turquoise #00CED10%81%82%181°100%41%100%82%Dark Turquoise
Light Turquoise #AFE4DE69%89%87%173°50%79%23%89%
Violet #EE82EE93%51%93%300°76%72%45%93%Violet
Dark Violet #9400D358%0%83%282°100%41%100%83%Dark Violet
Light Violet #7A529948%32%60%274°30%46%46%60%
White #FFFFFF100%100%100%0°0%100%0%100%White (RFC)
Yellow#FFFF00100%100%0%60°100%50%100%100%Yellow (RFC)
Dark Yellow #FFCC00100%80%0%48°100%50%100%100%
Light Yellow #FFFFE0100%100%88%60°100%94%12%100%Light Yellow

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyan</span> Color visible between blue and green; subtractive (CMY) primary color

Cyan is the color between green and blue on the visible spectrum of light. It is evoked by light with a predominant wavelength between 490 and 520 nm, between the wavelengths of green and blue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RGB color model</span> Additive color model based on combining red, green, and blue

The RGB color model is an additive color model in which the red, green, and blue primary colors of light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors. The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CMYK color model</span> Subtractive color model, used in color printing

The CMYK color model is a subtractive color model, based on the CMY color model, used in color printing, and is also used to describe the printing process itself. CMYK refers to the four ink plates used in some color printing: cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black).

Web colors are colors used in displaying web pages on the World Wide Web, and the methods for describing and specifying those colors. Colors may be specified as an RGB triplet or in hexadecimal format or according to their common English names in some cases. A color tool or other graphics software is often used to generate color values. In some uses, hexadecimal color codes are specified with notation using a leading number sign (#). A color is specified according to the intensity of its red, green and blue components, each represented by eight bits. Thus, there are 24 bits used to specify a web color within the sRGB gamut, and 16,777,216 colors that may be so specified.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Azure (color)</span> Bright, cyan-blue colour

Azure is the color between cyan and blue on the spectrum of visible light. It is often described as the color of the sky on a clear day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Color wheel</span> Illustrative organization of color hues

A color wheel or color circle is an abstract illustrative organization of color hues around a circle, which shows the relationships between primary colors, secondary colors, tertiary colors etc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lime (color)</span> Shade of yellow-green

Lime is a color that is a shade of yellow-green, so named because it is a representation of the color of the citrus fruit called limes. It is the color that is in between the web color chartreuse and yellow on the color wheel. Alternate names for this color included yellow-green, lemon-lime, lime green, or bitter lime.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue-green</span> Color

Blue-green is the color that is between green and blue. It belongs to the cyan family of colors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aqua (color)</span>

Aqua is a variation of the color cyan. The normalized color coordinates for the two web colors named aqua and cyan are identical. It was one of the three secondary colors of the RGB color model used on computer and television displays. In the HSV color wheel aqua is precisely halfway between blue and green. However, aqua is not the same as the primary subtractive color named process cyan used in printing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tertiary color</span> Color made by mixing either one primary color with one secondary color

A tertiary color or intermediate color is a color made by mixing full saturation of one primary color with half saturation of another primary color and none of a third primary color, in a given color space such as RGB, CMYK or RYB (traditional).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of green</span> Varieties of the color green

Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of red</span> Varieties of the color red

Varieties of the color red may differ in hue, chroma or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a red or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of blue</span> Variety of the color blue

Varieties of the color blue may differ in hue, chroma, or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a blue or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these colors is shown below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of gray</span> Variations of the color gray

Variations of gray or grey include achromatic grayscale shades, which lie exactly between white and black, and nearby colors with low colorfulness. A selection of a number of these various colors is shown below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of cyan</span> Varieties of the color cyan

The color cyan, a greenish-blue, has notable tints and shades. It is one of the subtractive primary colors along with magenta, and yellow.

This article provides introductory information about the RGB, HSV, and HSL color models from a computer graphics perspective. An introduction to colors is also provided to support the main discussion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of azure</span> Varieties of the color azure

Azure is a variation of blue that is often described as the color of the sky on a clear day.

References

  1. ↑ Tveten, Julianne (October 11, 2015). ""Tomato" versus "#FF6347"—the tragicomic history of CSS color names". Ars Technica. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
  2. ↑ Nye, Adrian (1990). Xlib programming manual : for version 11 of the X Window System (2nd ed. covers release 3 and release 4, major revisions. ed.). [Sebastapol, CA]: O'Reilly & Associates. ISBN   0-937175-11-0.
  3. ↑ "ModuleVersions" . Retrieved 2014-08-21.
  4. ↑ Stone, Daniel (5 November 2007). "Remove all traces of external RGB database (and Speedo)" . Retrieved 2014-08-26.
  5. ↑ "~alanc/xc-historical - Partial/incomplete import of X consortium historical RCS up to X11R6.0". freedesktop.org.
  6. ↑ Sexton, Alex (12 March 2014). "Last call comments on CSS3 module: color". www-style@w3.org mailing list. World Wide Web Consortium. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  7. ↑ "Netscape.com". Wp.netscape.com. Retrieved 2013-08-14.
  8. ↑ "Cascading Style Sheets, level 1". www.w3.org. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  9. ↑ "CSS Color Module Level 4". drafts.csswg.org. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  10. 1 2 3 HTML 4.0: Basic HTML data types
  11. ↑ Current official rgb.txt from the X.org source tree at Freedesktop.org
  12. ↑ "Lists.w3.org". w3.org. April 2002. Retrieved 2013-08-14.
  13. ↑ "rgb.txt". X colorname to RGB mapping database. X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  14. ↑ "others/old-rgb.txt". X colorname to RGB mapping database. X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  15. ↑ "others/raveling.txt". X colorname to RGB mapping database. X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  16. ↑ "others/README". X colorname to RGB mapping database. X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  17. ↑ Free Standards Group (FSG) / OpenPrinting, ed. (2005-03-15), Job Ticket Application Programming Interface (JTAPI) (PDF), 1.00
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.