Shades of cyan

Last updated

Cyan
 
Color icon cyan.svg
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #00FFFF
sRGB B (r, g, b)(0, 255, 255)
HSV (h, s, v)(180°, 100%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(91, 72, 192°)
Source CSS Color Module Level 3
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color cyan, a greenish-blue, has notable tints and shades. It is one of the subtractive primary colors along with magenta, and yellow.

Contents

The first recorded use of cyan blue as a color name was in 1879 ("cyan blue" being the name used for "cyan" in the 19th century). [1]

Cyan in printing and the web colors cyan and aqua

Process cyan

Cyan (subtractive primary)
 
SubtractiveColor.svg
Cyan, magenta, and yellow are the three subtractive primary colors used in printing.
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #00B7EB
sRGB B (r, g, b)(0, 183, 235)
HSV (h, s, v)(193°, 100%, 92%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(69, 74, 229°)
SourceCMYK [2]
ISCC–NBS descriptor Brilliant greenish blue
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

In color printing, the shade of cyan called process cyan or pigment cyan is one of the three primary pigment colors which, along with yellow and magenta, constitute the three subtractive primary colors of pigment. (The secondary colors of pigment are blue, green and red.) As such, the CMYK printing process was invented in the 1890s, when newspapers began to publish color comic strips.

Process cyan is not an RGB color, and there is no fixed conversion from CMYK primaries to RGB. Different formulations are used for printer's ink, so there can be variations in the printed color that is pure cyan ink. A typical formulation of process cyan is shown in the color box at right. The source of the color shown at right is the color cyan that is shown in the diagram located at the bottom of the tintbooks for CMYK printing. [2]

The web color cyan (aqua)

Cyan (additive secondary)
 
RGB illumination.jpg
Red, green and blue lights, representing the three basic additive primary colors of the RGB color system, red, green, and blue. Cyan light is composed of equal amounts of green and blue light.
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #00FFFF
sRGB B (r, g, b)(0, 255, 255)
HSV (h, s, v)(180°, 100%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(91, 72, 192°)
Source X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor Brilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The web color cyan, shown at the right, is one of the three secondary colors in the RGB color model, used for creating all colors on a computer or television display by mixing various combinations of red, green and blue light. The X11 name for this color is cyan; the HTML name for the same color is aqua. They are both composed of the same mixture of blue and green light, and are exactly the same color.

Additional variations of cyan

Azure (web)

Azure (web)
 
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #F0FFFF
sRGB B (r, g, b)(240, 255, 255)
HSV (h, s, v)(180°, 6%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(99, 8, 192°)
Source X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor Very pale green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

In an artistic context, this color could also be called azure mist or cyan mist.[ citation needed ] Despite its name, this color is a lighter shade of cyan rather than a shade of azure.

Blue-green

Blue-green
 
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #0D98BA
sRGB B (r, g, b)(13, 152, 186)
HSV (h, s, v)(192°, 93%, 73%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(58, 56, 224°)
Source Crayola
ISCC–NBS descriptor Strong greenish blue
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Blue-green has been a Crayola color since 1930.

Caribbean Current

Caribbean Current
 
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #006D6F
sRGB B (r, g, b)(0, 109, 111)
HSV (h, s, v)(181°, 100%, 44%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(41, 33, 195°)
Source Behr
ISCC–NBS descriptor Moderate bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Displayed at right is the color Caribbean Current.

Celeste

Celeste
 
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #B2FFFF
sRGB B (r, g, b)(178, 255, 255)
HSV (h, s, v)(180°, 30%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(95, 38, 192°)
SourceIl dizionario dei colori [3]
ISCC–NBS descriptor Very light bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

At right is displayed the color celeste.

Bleu celeste ("sky blue") is a rarely occurring tincture in heraldry (not being one of the seven main colors or metals or the three "staynard colors"). This tincture is sometimes also called ciel or simply celeste. It is depicted in a lighter shade than the range of shades of the more traditional tincture azure, which is the standard blue used in heraldry. [4] It has been used rarely since the 17th century, [5] gaining popularity after the First World War.

Charleston green

Charleston green
 
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #232B2B
sRGB B (r, g, b)(35, 43, 43)
HSV (h, s, v)(180°, 19%, 17%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(17, 3, 192°)
Source Internet (Duron Paints)
ISCC–NBS descriptor Blackish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Charleston green is an extremely dark shade of cyan. The name Charleston green originated after the American Civil War, approximately 1865, when during Reconstruction, it was widely used to paint homes in Charleston, South Carolina.

Dark cyan

Dark cyan
 
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #008B8B
sRGB B (r, g, b)(0, 139, 139)
HSV (h, s, v)(180°, 100%, 55%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(52, 41, 192°)
Source X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor Strong bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

At right is displayed the web color dark cyan.

Electric blue

Electric blue
 
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #7DF9FF
sRGB B (r, g, b)(125, 249, 255)
HSV (h, s, v)(183°, 51%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(91, 55, 197°)
Source[Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptor Brilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Electric blue is a color close to cyan that is a representation of the color of lightning, an electric spark, and argon signs; it is named after the ionized air glow produced during electrical discharges.

The first recorded use of electric blue as a color name in English was in 1884. [6]

Keppel

Keppel
 
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #3AB09E
sRGB B (r, g, b)(58, 176, 158)
HSV (h, s, v)(171°, 67%, 69%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(65, 46, 174°)
Source Xona.com Color List
ISCC–NBS descriptor Brilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

At right is displayed the color keppel.

The color name keppel has been in use since 2001, when it was promulgated as one of the colors on the Xona.com Color List.

Light cyan

Light cyan
 
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #E0FFFF
sRGB B (r, g, b)(224, 255, 255)
HSV (h, s, v)(180°, 12%, 100%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(98, 17, 192°)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptor Very pale green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

At right is displayed the web color light cyan.

Light sea green

Light sea green
 
Gfp-florida-miami-blue-green-water.jpg
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #20B2AA
sRGB B (r, g, b)(32, 178, 170)
HSV (h, s, v)(177°, 82%, 70%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(66, 50, 184°)
Source X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor Brilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

At right is displayed the web color light sea green.

Midnight green

Midnight green
 
Javon Hargrave, 2020.jpg
Philadelphia Eagles player wearing the midnight-green uniform
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #004953
sRGB B (r, g, b)(0, 73, 83)
HSV (h, s, v)(187°, 100%, 33%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(28, 24, 211°)
SourceColorhexa, [7] the Philadelphia Eagles 2017 Media Guide [8]
ISCC–NBS descriptor Dark bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Midnight green (sometimes also called Eagle green) is a dark cyan. [9]

It (or more specifically #004C54) has been the primary team color for the National Football League (NFL)'s Philadelphia Eagles since 1996. [10] [11]

Moonstone

Moonstone
 
Moonstone B.jpg
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #3AA8C1
sRGB B (r, g, b)(58, 168, 193)
HSV (h, s, v)(191°, 70%, 76%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(64, 51, 217°)
SourceCrayola
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Displayed at right is the color moonstone.

It was formulated by Crayola in 1994 as part of their Gem Tones range of crayons. It is a slightly dark shade of cyan that is reminiscent of the bluish-green glow of some moonstones.

Myrtle green

Myrtle green
 
Myrtle wattle (7157893964).jpg
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #317873
sRGB B (r, g, b)(49, 120, 115)
HSV (h, s, v)(176°, 59%, 47%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(46, 29, 184°)
SourceISCC-NBS [12]
ISCC–NBS descriptor Moderate bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Myrtle green, also called myrtle, is a color which is a representation of the color of the leaves of the myrtle plant.

The first recorded use of myrtle green as a color name in English was in 1835. [13]

Myrtle is the official designation of the green stripes on Waterloo rugby club's shirts, the green of Hunslet rugby league club, the green (along with the cardinal red) stripes of the South Sydney Rabbitohs and the green of the blazers, sports kit and scarf of St. Aloysius' College, Glasgow. It is also one of the school colors of Lane Technical College Prep High School in Chicago, the other being old gold.

The baggy green, the cricket cap worn by Australian Test cricketers since around the turn of the twentieth century, is myrtle green in color.

Peacock blue

Peacock blue
 
Lightmatter peacock.jpg
Peacock ( Pavo cristatus )
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #004958
sRGB B (r, g, b)(0, 73, 88)
HSV (h, s, v)(190°, 100%, 35%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(28, 26, 219°)
Source NBS/ISCC – Plochere Color System
ISCC–NBS descriptor Dark greenish blue
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color peacock blue is a deep greenish blue, from the iridescent color of a peacock. As a color between blue and cyan, peacock blue has been used as the process-blue ink in four-color printing. [14]

Kelly Moore Paint's "color of the year" for 2019 was their peacock blue. [15]

Robin egg blue

Robin egg blue
 
American Robin Eggs in Nest.jpg
A set of three Robin eggs in a nest
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #00CCCC
sRGB B (r, g, b)(0, 204, 204)
HSV (h, s, v)(180°, 100%, 80%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(75, 59, 192°)
Source Crayola
ISCC–NBS descriptor Brilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color robin egg blue is displayed at right.

The first recorded use of robin's egg blue as a color name in English was in 1873. [16]

Skobeloff

Skobeloff
 
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #007474
sRGB B (r, g, b)(0, 116, 116)
HSV (h, s, v)(180°, 100%, 45%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(44, 35, 192°)
Source ISCC-NBS
ISCC–NBS descriptor Moderate bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

At right is displayed the color Skobeloff green.

The first recorded use of Skobeloff green as a color name in English was in 1912. [17]

Sky blue (Crayola)

Sky blue (Crayola)
 
Summer evening blue sky view.jpg
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #80DAEB
sRGB B (r, g, b)(128, 218, 235)
HSV (h, s, v)(190°, 46%, 92%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(82, 46, 210°)
Source Crayola
ISCC–NBS descriptor Very light greenish blue
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Displayed at right is the color medium sky blue.[ citation needed ] This is the color that is called sky blue in Crayola crayons. This color was formulated by Crayola in 1958. "Sky blue" appears in the 32, 48, 64, 96 and 120 packs of crayons.

Teal

Teal
 
Eurasian Teal male RWD.jpg
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #008080
sRGB B (r, g, b)(0, 128, 128)
HSV (h, s, v)(180°, 100%, 50%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(48, 38, 192°)
Source HTML/CSS [18]
ISCC–NBS descriptor Moderate bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

At right is displayed the web color teal. The first recorded use of teal as a color name in English was in 1917. [19]

Tiffany Blue

Tiffany Blue
 
Tiffany & Co - Boxes (49790579546).jpg
A pair of Tiffany & Co. boxes showing the distinct shade of cyan
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #81D8D0
sRGB B (r, g, b)(129, 216, 208)
HSV (h, s, v)(174°, 40%, 85%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(81, 40, 183°)
Source Tiffany.com [ not specific enough to verify ]
ISCC–NBS descriptor Very light bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Tiffany Blue is the colloquial name for the light medium robin egg blue color associated with Tiffany & Co., the New York City jewelry company. The color was used on the cover of Tiffany's Blue Book, first published in 1845. [20] Since then Tiffany & Co. has used the color extensively on promotional materials, including boxes and bags. The Tiffany Blue color is protected as a color trademark by Tiffany & Co. in some jurisdictions including the U.S. [21] [22]

Turquoise

Turquoise
 
Turquoise (Blue Moon Mine, Candelaria Hills, west of Tonopah, Nevada, USA) 3.jpg
Polished turquoise stone
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #40E0D0
sRGB B (r, g, b)(64, 224, 208)
HSV (h, s, v)(174°, 71%, 88%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(81, 59, 179°)
Source X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor Brilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

At right is displayed the X11 color named turquoise.

Turquoise is the name of a greenish blue color, based on the gem of the same name. The word turquoise comes from the French for Turkish, as the gem was originally imported from Turkey. [23] [24]

The first recorded use of turquoise as a color name in English was in 1573. [25] Perhaps owing to sharing its name with a mineral, turquoise is currently a more common term in English than other cyan-like colors. [26]

Verdigris

Verdigris
 
Verdigris.JPG
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #43B3AE
sRGB B (r, g, b)(67, 179, 174)
HSV (h, s, v)(177°, 63%, 70%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(67, 45, 187°)
Source https://encycolorpedia.com/43b3ae
ISCC–NBS descriptor Brilliant bluish green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Verdigris is the common name for a green pigment obtained through the application of acetic acid to copper plates [27] or the natural patina formed when copper, brass or bronze is weathered and exposed to air or seawater over a period of time. The name verdigris comes from the Middle English vertegrez, from the Old French verte grez, an alteration of vert-de-Grèce ("green of Greece"). Used as a pigment in paintings and other art objects (as green color) since ancient Greece, it was originally made by hanging copper plates over hot vinegar in a sealed pot until a green crust formed on the copper. The vivid green color of copper(II) acetate made this form of verdigris a much used pigment. Until the 19th century, verdigris was the most vibrant green pigment available and was frequently used in painting. Verdigris was sometimes used to illustrate cyan colors in early color wheels. [28]

Zomp

Zomp
 
Gtk-dialog-info.svg    Color coordinates
Hex triplet #39A78D
sRGB B (r, g, b)(57, 167, 141)
HSV (h, s, v)(166°, 66%, 65%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(62, 46, 165°)
Source Resene
ISCC–NBS descriptor Brilliant green
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Displayed at right is the color zomp.

Zomp is one of the colors on the Resene Color List.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyan</span> Color visible between blue and green on the visible spectrum; subtractive (CMY) primary color

Cyan is the color between blue and green on the visible spectrum of light. It is evoked by light with a predominant wavelength between 500 and 520 nm, between the wavelengths of green and blue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Navy blue</span> Very dark shade of the color blue which almost appears as black

Navy blue is a dark shade of the color blue.

Powder blue is a pale shade of blue. As with most colours, there is no absolute definition of its exact hue. Originally, powder blue, in the 1650s, was powdered smalt used in laundering and dyeing applications, and it then came to be used as a colour name from 1894.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red-violet</span> Overview of color term

Red-violet refers to a rich color of high medium saturation about 3/4 of the way between red and magenta, closer to magenta than to red. In American English, this color term is sometimes used in color theory as one of the purple colors—a non-spectral color between red and violet that is a deep version of a color on the line of purples on the CIE chromaticity diagram.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spring green</span> Color

Spring green is a color that was traditionally considered to be on the yellow side of green, but in modern computer systems based on the RGB color model is halfway between cyan and green on the color wheel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue-green</span> Color

Blue-green is the color between blue and green. It belongs to the cyan family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaranth (color)</span> Reddish-rose color derived from the amaranth plant

Amaranth is a reddish-rose color that is a representation of the color of the flower of the amaranth plant. The color shown is the color of the red amaranth flower, but there are other varieties of amaranth that have other colors of amaranth flowers; these colors are also shown below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of orange</span> Varieties of the color orange

In optics, orange has a wavelength between approximately 585 and 620 nm and a hue of 30° in HSV color space. In the RGB color space it is a secondary color numerically halfway between gamma-compressed red and yellow, as can be seen in the RGB color wheel. The complementary color of orange is azure. Orange pigments are largely in the ochre or cadmium families, and absorb mostly blue light.

Spring bud is the color that used to be called spring green before the X11 web color spring green was formulated in 1987 when the X11 colors were first promulgated. This color is now called spring bud to avoid confusion with the web color.

Jungle green is a color that is a rich tone of medium spring green.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of green</span> Varieties of the color green

Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of red</span> Varieties of the color red

Varieties of the color red may differ in hue, chroma or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a red or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors are shown below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of magenta</span> Varieties of the color magenta

The color magenta has notable tints and shades. These various colors are shown below.

Livid is a medium bluish-gray color. This color name comes from the Latin color term lividus meaning "'a dull leaden-blue color', and also used to describe the color of contused flesh, leading to the English expression 'black and blue'". The first recorded use of livid as a color name in English was in 1622.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of yellow</span> Overview about the shades of yellow

Varieties of the color yellow may differ in hue, chroma or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a yellow or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of blue</span> Variety of the color blue

Varieties of the color blue may differ in hue, chroma, or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a blue or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these colors is shown below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of violet</span> Varieties of the color violet

Violet is a color term derived from the flower of the same name. There are numerous variations of the color violet, a sampling of which are shown below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of purple</span> Variations of the color purple

There are numerous variations of the color purple, a sampling of which is shown below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of brown</span> Varieties of the color brown

Shades of brown can be produced by combining red, yellow, and black pigments, or by a combination of orange and black—illustrated in the color box. The RGB color model, that generates all colors on computer and television screens, makes brown by combining red and green light at different intensities. Brown color names are often imprecise, and some shades, such as beige, can refer to lighter rather than darker shades of yellow and red. Such colors are less saturated than colors perceived to be orange. Browns are usually described as light or dark, reddish, yellowish, or gray-brown. There are no standardized names for shades of brown; the same shade may have different names on different color lists, and sometimes one name can refer to several very different colors. The X11 color list of web colors has seventeen different shades of brown, but the complete list of browns is much longer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shades of black</span> Varieties of the color black

Shades of black are colors that differ only slightly from pure black. These colors have a low lightness. From a photometric point of view, a color which differs slightly from black always has low relative luminance. Variations of black include what are commonly termed off-black colors, which may be considered part of a neutral color scheme, usually in interior design as a part of a background for brighter colors. Black and dark gray colors are powerful accent colors that suggest weight, dignity, formality, and solemnity.

References

  1. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill page 194
  2. 1 2 Tintbooks - Get Accurate CMYK Color Results For Your Printing Projects CMYK color tintbook:
  3. S. Fantetti; C. Petracchi (2001). Il dizionario dei colori: nomi e valori in quadricromia. Bologna: Zanichelli. ISBN   88-08-07995-3.
  4. Scott-Giles, C. W. (1958). Boutell's Heraldry (rev. ed.). London & New York: Frederick Warne & Co.
  5. http://www.modaruniversity.org/Newcomer-Packet-11-Heraldry.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  6. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill, p.194; Color Sample of Electric Blue [fabric 1890s]: Page 97 Plate 37 Color Sample I7
  7. "#004953 Color Information". colorhexa.com. Retrieved October 14, 2021.
  8. "Team Information" (PDF). 2017 Philadelphia Eagles Media Guide. NFL Enterprises, LLC. September 26, 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 19, 2018. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  9. "Midnight Green Eagle Green". arteqo.com. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  10. Benjamin, Cody (March 20, 2018). "Why do the Eagles' green jerseys look so different than they did a few years ago?". BleedingGreenNation.com. SB Nation . Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  11. "National Football League: Franchise Records (1920 through present)". TruColor.net. November 21, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  12. Color sample #164 on the ISCC-NBS color list is that tone of myrtle green which matches the color sample of myrtle green in the 1930 book A Dictionary of Color by Maerz and Paul (see color sample of Myrtle Green on Page 85 Plate 31 Color Sample L1).
  13. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 199; Color Sample of Myrtle Green: Page 85 Plate 31 Color Sample L1
  14. St. John, Eugene (February 1924). "Some Practical Hints on Presswork". The Inland Printer. 72 (5): 805. Retrieved 5 June 2021. While process yellow may be considered lemon yellow, process red, carmine lake, three-color process blue, Prussian blue, and four-color process blue, peacock blue, many variations are encountered in practice; ...
  15. "A Classic Choice: Kelly-Moore Paints Names "Peacock Blue" Its 2019 Color of the Year". kellymoore.com. Kelly-Moore Paints. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  16. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 203; Color Sample of Robin's Egg Blue Page 77 Plate 27 Color Sample H3
  17. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 204; Color Sample of Skobeloff: Page 73 Plate 25 Color Sample K9
  18. W3.org, W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, HTML4 color keywords
  19. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 205; color sample of Teal: Page 101 Plate 39 Color Sample L7
  20. About Tiffany & Co.: Tiffany Blue
  21. Seeing The Future In All Its Hues - New York Times
  22. Brief of Amicus Curiae Tiffany (NJ) LLC (2011, p. 8-9) [ permanent dead link ]
  23. "Turquoise:turquoise mineral information and data". mindat.org. Retrieved 2006-10-04.
  24. http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/turquoise.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy
  25. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York: 1930 McGraw-Hill Page 206; Color Sample of Turquoise [green]: Page 73 Plate 25 Color Sample I5
  26. "Google Ngram Viewer".
  27. "Verdigris" Oxford English Dictionary
  28. https://archive.org/details/principlesscien00bensgoog Principles in the Science of Colour Concisely Stated by William Benson, 1868