Varieties of the color red may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness), lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a red or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.
Red (RGB), RGB red, or electric red[citation needed] (as opposed to pigment red, shown below) is the brightest possible red that can be reproduced on a computer monitor. This color is an approximation of an orangish red spectral color. It is one of the three primary colors of light in the RGB color model, along with green and blue. The three additive primaries in the RGB color system are the three colors of light chosen such as to provide the maximum gamut of colors that are capable of being represented on a computer or television set, at a reasonable expense of power. Portable devices such as mobile phones might have an even narrower gamut due to this purity–power tradeoff and their "red" may be less colorful and more orangish than the standard red of sRGB.
This color is also the color called red in the X11 web colors, which were originally formulated in 1987. It is also called color wheel red. It is at precisely zero (360) degrees on the HSV color wheel, also known as the RGB color wheel (Image of RGB color wheel). Its complementary color is cyan.
The purpose of the CMYK color system is to provide the maximum possible gamut of colors capable of being reproduced in printing.
Psychedelic art made people used to brighter colors of red, and pigment colors or colored pencils called "true red" are produced by mixing pigment red with a tiny amount of white. The result approximates (with much less brightness than is possible on a computer screen) the electric red shown above.
The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions: hue, value (lightness), and chroma (colorfulness), spaced uniformly (in terms of human perception) in three dimensions in the Munsell color solid. In order for all the colors to be spaced uniformly, it was found necessary to use a color wheel with five, non-arbitrary, equally spaced primary colors: red, yellow, green, blue, and purple.
The color of the sample is the most chromatic (colorful) red in the sRGB gamut that falls in the hue of 5R (primary red) in the Munsell color space.
Red (NCS) (psychological primary red)
Red (NCS)
Approximations within the sRGB gamut to the primary colors of the Natural Color System, a model based on the opponent process theory of color vision
The color is defined as red in the NCS or Natural Color System (NCS 1080-R). The Natural Color System is a color system based on the four unique hues or psychological primary colors red, yellow, green, and blue. The NCS is based on the opponent process theory of vision.
The Natural Color System is widely used in Scandinavia.
The color barn red is one of the colors on one of the milk paint color lists, paint colors formulated to reproduce the colors historically used on the American frontier and made, like those paints were, with milk. This color is mixed with various amounts of white paint to create any desired shade of the color barn red.[12]
Bittersweet shimmer is one of the colors in the special set of metallic Crayola crayons called Metallic FX, the colors of which were formulated by Crayola in 2001.
Although this is supposed to be a metallic color, there is no mechanism for displaying metallic colors on a computer.
The color of blood red ranges from crimson to a dark brown-red and may have a slightly orange hue. In the RGB color spectrum, it often consists only of the color red, with no green or blue component; in the CMYK color model blood red has no cyan, and consists only of magenta and yellow with a small amount of black. It is frequently darker than both maroon and dark red.
In China, according to The Language of Color in China,[15] dark blood red is sometimes referred to as "period (i.e., menstruation) red".
The color carmine is a vivid crimson. In its pigment form it mostly contains the red light with wavelengths longer than 600nm, i.e. it is close to the extreme spectral red. This places it far beyond standard gamuts (both RGB and CMYK), and its given RGB value is a poor approximation only.
The color cinnabar derives from the mineral of the same name. It is a slightly orange shade of red, with variations ranging from bright scarlet to brick red.
The first recorded use of coral pink as a color name in English was in 1892.[21] Late in 2016, the color sample was renamed Coral Red by Pantone, as the RGB, Hex and HTML color table showed the same color as being reddish, standing against popular belief of pinkish.
Still today, some people call Coral Red as Coral Pink due to this old attribution.
Crimson is a strong, bright, deep red color combined with some blue or violet, resulting in a small degree of purple. It is also the color between rose and red on the RGB color wheel and magenta and red on the RYB color wheel.
When the British shipping line Cunard was launched, a red funnel colour was selected to identify the company's ships. However, the heat from the funnels caused the paint to peel. To stop this, the red paint was thickened and mixed with buttermilk. When the heat of the funnel interacted with the buttermilk within the mixture, however, the red paint changed in colour and became a distinctive red-orange. This shade of red became known as Cunard Red.
The first recorded use of imperial red as a color name in English was in 1914.[30] Note: the RGB values for Pantone red and imperial red are identical.
The name Indian red derives from the red laterite soil found in India, which is composed of naturally occurring iron oxides. The first recorded use of "Indian red" as a color term in English was in 1792.[31]
The color jasper is named for red jasper, the most commonly known form of jasper; however, as with many gemstones, jasper can be found in many colors, from yellow to brown and even green. The color was formulated by Crayola in 1994 as part of their Gem Tones crayon set.
The web colormisty rose is written as mistyrose in HTML code for computer display.[35]
The color name misty rose first came into use in 1987, when this color was formulated as one of the X11 colors, which in the early 1990s became known as the X11 web colors.
The color old rose, also known as ashes of rose, was a popular Victorian color, it is a dullish red. The first recorded use of old rose as a color name in English was in 1892.[37]
The color poppy red is named after the poppy flower.
Poppy red is a shade of pink-red.[38] Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae, a Canadian officer and surgeon in World War I, wrote possibly history's most famous wartime poem, called "In Flanders Fields", written in 1915.[39] It helped the poppy (Papaver rhoeas) become a symbol of remembrance for soldiers who have died during the conflict and later conflicts.[40]
The name for the web color rosy brown first came into use in 1987, when this color was formulated as one of the X11 colors, which in the early 1990s became known as the X11 web colors.
The web colorsalmon represents the color of the flesh of an average salmon. However, actual salmon flesh can range in hue from a light pinkish-orange to a bright red (as is the case with sockeye salmon).
This color which represents the pinkish tone of salmon is called salmon in Crayola crayons. This color was introduced by Crayola in 1949. See the List of Crayola crayon colors.
Scarlet is a bright red with a slightly orange tinge. According to surveys in Europe and the United States, scarlet and other bright shades of red are the colors most associated with courage, force, passion, heat, and joy.[49] In the Roman Catholic Church, scarlet is the color worn by cardinals, and is associated with the blood of Christ and the Christian martyrs, and with sacrifice.
Spanish red, an iron oxide red[50] also known as torch red, is the color that is called rojo (the Spanish word for "red") in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.[51][52]
The color tea rose is the tint of the color that is used in interior design. This color is popular in interior design for painting bedrooms, especially among women.[citation needed]
There is a different color sometimes called tea rose, which is the color of an orange rose called a tea rose.[54] This other color is technically Congo pink.
The first recorded use of tea rose as a color name in English was in 1884.[55]
The web colortomato is a medium reddish-orange color that approximates the color of common supermarket tomatoes. Many vine-ripened tomatoes are a bit redder. The color of tomato soup is slightly less saturated.
The first recorded use of tomato as a color name in English was in 1891.[56]
When the X11 color names were invented in 1987, the color tomato was formulated as one of them.
Turkey red is a color that was widely used to dye cotton in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was made using the root of the Rubia plant, through a long and laborious process. It originated in India or Turkey, and was brought to Europe in the 1740s. In France, it was known as rouge d'Andrinople.[57]
Venetian red is a light and warm (somewhat unsaturated) pigment that is a darker shade of red. The composition of Venetian red changed over time. Originally it consisted of natural ferric oxide (Fe2O3, partially hydrated) obtained from the red hematite. Modern versions are frequently made with synthetic red iron oxide produced via calcination of green vitriol mixed with white chalk. The pigment contains up to 50% of the ferric oxide.
Historically, Venetian red was a red earth color often used in Italian Renaissance paintings.
Vermilion (sometimes spelled vermillion) is both a brilliant red or scarlet pigment, originally made from the powdered mineral cinnabar (see §Cinnabar). It was widely used in the art and decoration of Ancient Rome, in the illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages, in the paintings of the Renaissance, as sindoor, an Indian cosmetic powder, and in the art and lacquerware of China.
↑Amamiya, K., & Iwashina, T. (2016). Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Flower Pigments in Chocolate Cosmos, Cosmos atrosanguineus, and its Hybrids. Natural Product Communications, 11(1), 77–78.
12"Ca through Cz". ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Colo(u)r Names. John C. Foster and Texas Precancel Club. 1955. color sample #26. Archived from the original on July 30, 2017. Retrieved September 22, 2010. The ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names is a color dictionary used by stamp collectors to identify the colors of stamps.
↑Maerz, Aloys John; Paul, Morris Rea (1930). A Dictionary of Color. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. p.193.; color sample of coral pink: page 27, plate 2, color sample F9.
↑The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called imperial red in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color imperial red is displayed on page 27, Plate 2, Color Sample L11.
↑Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 196; Color Sample of Imperial Red: Page 27 Plate 2 Color Sample L11
↑Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1994 – Merriam-Webster Page 592
↑Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). Guía de coloraciones (Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). Guide to Colorations) Madrid: H. Blume. ISBN84-89840-31-8
↑Gallego, Rose and Sanz, Juan Carlos "Diccionario Akal del color" (2001) Akal ISBN978-84-460-1083-8
↑The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called vermilion in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color vermilion is displayed on page 27, Plate 2, Color Sample L11. It is noted on page 193 that the color cinnabar is another name for the color vermilion.
Sources
Gettens, R. J.; Stout, G. L. (1966). "Iron Oxide Red". Painting Materials: A Short Encyclopedia. Courier Corporation. p.122. ISBN978-0-486-14242-5. OCLC868969354.
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Color coordinates
