Varieties of the color red may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness), lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a red or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors are shown below.
Red (RGB), RGB red, or electric red[citation needed] (as opposed to pigment red, shown below) is the brightest possible red that can be reproduced on a computer monitor. This color is an approximation of an orangish red spectral color. It is one of the three primary colors of light in the RGB color model, along with green and blue. The three additive primaries in the RGB color system are the three colors of light chosen such as to provide the maximum gamut of colors that are capable of being represented on a computer or television set, at a reasonable expense of power. Portable devices such as mobile phones might have an even narrower gamut due to this purity–power tradeoff and their "red" may be less colorful and more orangish than the standard red of sRGB.
This color is also the color called red in the X11 web colors, which were originally formulated in 1987. It is also called color wheel red. It is at precisely zero (360) degrees on the HSV color wheel, also known as the RGB color wheel (Image of RGB color wheel). Its complementary color is cyan.
The purpose of the CMYK color system is to provide the maximum possible gamut of colors capable of being reproduced in printing.
Psychedelic art made people used to brighter colors of red, and pigment colors or colored pencils called "true red" are produced by mixing pigment red with a tiny amount of white. The result approximates (with much less brightness than is possible on a computer screen) the electric red shown above.
The color is defined as red in the Munsell color system (Munsell 5R). The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions: hue, value (lightness), and chroma (color purity), spaced uniformly in three dimensions in the elongated oval at an angle shaped Munsell color solid according to the logarithmic scale which governs human perception. In order for all the colors to be spaced uniformly, it was found necessary to use a color wheel with five primary colors—red, yellow, green, blue, and purple.
The Munsell colors displayed are only approximate as they have been adjusted to fit into the sRGB gamut.
Red (NCS) (psychological primary red)
Red (NCS)
Approximations within the sRGB gamut to the primary colors of the Natural Color System, a model based on the opponent process theory of color vision
The color is defined as red in the NCS or Natural Color System (NCS 1080-R). The Natural Color System is a color system based on the four unique hues or psychological primary colors red, yellow, green, and blue. The NCS is based on the opponent process theory of vision.
The Natural Color System is widely used in Scandinavia.
Crimson is a strong, bright, deep red color combined with some blue or violet, resulting in a small degree of purple. It is also the color between rose and red on the RGB color wheel and magenta and red on the RYB color wheel.
This color which represents the pinkish tone of salmon is called salmon in Crayola crayons. This color was introduced by Crayola in 1949. See the List of Crayola crayon colors.
The color poppy red is named after the poppy flower.
Poppy red is a shade of pink-red.[12] Lieutenant-Colonel John McCrae, a Canadian officer and surgeon in World War I, wrote possibly history's most famous wartime poem, called "In Flanders Fields", written in 1915.[13] It helped the poppy (Papaver rhoeas) become a symbol of remembrance for soldiers who have died during the conflict and later conflicts.[14]
The color carmine is a vivid crimson. In its pigment form it mostly contains the red light with wavelengths longer than 600nm, i.e. it is close to the extreme spectral red. This places it far beyond standard gamuts (both RGB and CMYK), and its given RGB value is a poor approximation only.
Spanish red, an iron oxide red[18] also known as torch red, is the color that is called rojo (the Spanish word for "red") in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.
The first recorded use of imperial red as a color name in English was in 1914.[23] Note: the RGB values for Pantone red and imperial red are identical.
The color old rose, also known as ashes of rose, was a popular Victorian color, it is a dullish red. The first recorded use of old rose as a color name in English was in 1892.[30]
Bittersweet shimmer is one of the colors in the special set of metallic Crayola crayons called Metallic FX, the colors of which were formulated by Crayola in 2001.
Although this is supposed to be a metallic color, there is no mechanism for displaying metallic colors on a computer.
Vermilion (sometimes spelled vermillion) is both a brilliant red or scarlet pigment, originally made from the powdered mineral cinnabar (see §Cinnabar). It was widely used in the art and decoration of Ancient Rome, in the illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages, in the paintings of the Renaissance, as sindoor, an Indian cosmetic powder, and in the art and lacquerware of China.
The web colormisty rose is written as mistyrose in HTML code for computer display.[35]
The color name misty rose first came into use in 1987, when this color was formulated as one of the X11 colors, which in the early 1990s became known as the X11 web colors.
Turkey red is a color that was widely used to dye cotton in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was made using the root of the Rubia plant, through a long and laborious process. It originated in India or Turkey, and was brought to Europe in the 1740s. In France, it was known as rouge d'Andrinople.[36]
The web colorsalmon represents the color of the flesh of an average salmon. However, actual salmon flesh can range in hue from a light pinkish-orange to a bright red (as is the case with sockeye salmon).
The first recorded use of coral pink as a color name in English was in 1892.[38] Late in 2016, the color sample was renamed Coral Red by Pantone, as the RGB, Hex and HTML color table showed the same color as being reddish, standing against popular belief of pinkish.
Still today, some people call Coral Red as Coral Pink due to this old attribution.
The color barn red is one of the colors on one of the milk paint color lists, paint colors formulated to reproduce the colors historically used on the American frontier and made, like those paints were, with milk. This color is mixed with various amounts of white paint to create any desired shade of the color barn red.[41]
The color of blood red ranges from crimson to a dark brown-red and may have a slightly orange hue. In the RGB color spectrum, it often consists only of the color red, with no green or blue component; in the CMYK color model blood red has no cyan, and consists only of magenta and yellow with a small amount of black. It is frequently darker than both maroon and dark red.
In China, according to The Language of Color in China,[43] dark blood red is sometimes referred to as "period (i.e., menstruation) red".
The color tea rose is the tint of the color that is used in interior design. This color is popular in interior design for painting bedrooms, especially among women.[citation needed]
There is a different color sometimes called tea rose, which is the color of an orange rose called a tea rose.[45] This other color is technically Congo pink.
The first recorded use of tea rose as a color name in English was in 1884.[46]
The color cinnabar derives from the mineral of the same name. It is a slightly orange shade of red, with variations ranging from bright scarlet to brick red.
The name Indian red derives from the red laterite soil found in India, which is composed of naturally occurring iron oxides. The first recorded use of "Indian red" as a color term in English was in 1792.[47]
Scarlet is a bright red with a slightly orange tinge. According to surveys in Europe and the United States, scarlet and other bright shades of red are the colors most associated with courage, force, passion, heat, and joy.[51] In the Roman Catholic Church, scarlet is the color worn by cardinals, and is associated with the blood of Christ and the Christian martyrs, and with sacrifice.
The web colortomato is a medium reddish-orange color that approximates the color of common supermarket tomatoes. Many vine-ripened tomatoes are a bit redder. The color of tomato soup is slightly less saturated.
The first recorded use of tomato as a color name in English was in 1891.[52]
When the X11 color names were invented in 1987, the color tomato was formulated as one of them.
The color jasper is named for red jasper, the most commonly known form of jasper; however, as with many gemstones, jasper can be found in many colors, from yellow to brown and even green. The color was formulated by Crayola in 1994 as part of their Gem Tones crayon set.
The name for the web color rosy brown first came into use in 1987, when this color was formulated as one of the X11 colors, which in the early 1990s became known as the X11 web colors.
When the British shipping line Cunard was launched, a red funnel colour was selected to identify the company's ships. However, the heat from the funnels caused the paint to peel. To stop this, the red paint was thickened and mixed with buttermilk. When the heat of the funnel interacted with the buttermilk within the mixture, however, the red paint changed in colour and became a distinctive red-orange. This shade of red became known as Cunard Red.
The various tones of the color coral are orange, red and pink representations of the colors of those cnidarians known as precious corals.
Lavender is a light shade of purple or violet. It applies particularly to the color of the flower of the same name. The web color called lavender is displayed adjacent—it matches the color of the palest part of the flower; however, the more saturated color shown as floral lavender more closely matches the average color of the lavender flower as shown in the picture and is the tone of lavender historically and traditionally considered lavender by average people as opposed to website designers. The color lavender might be described as a medium purple, a pale bluish purple, or a light pinkish-purple. The term lavender may be used in general to apply to a wide range of pale, light, or grayish-purples, but only on the blue side; lilac is pale purple on the pink side. In paints, the color lavender is made by mixing purple and white paint.
Copper is a reddish brown color that resembles the metal copper.
Red-violet refers to a rich color of high medium saturation about 3/4 of the way between red and magenta, closer to magenta than to red. In American English, this color term is sometimes used in color theory as one of the purple colors—a non-spectral color between red and violet that is a deep version of a color on the line of purples on the CIE chromaticity diagram.
Spring green is a color that was traditionally considered to be on the yellow side of green, but in modern computer systems based on the RGB color model is halfway between cyan and green on the color wheel.
In optics, orange has a wavelength between approximately 585 and 620 nm and a hue of 30° in HSV color space. In the RGB color space it is a secondary color numerically halfway between gamma-compressed red and yellow, as can be seen in the RGB color wheel. The complementary color of orange is azure. Orange pigments are largely in the ochre or cadmium families, and absorb mostly blue light.
Spring bud is the color that used to be called spring green before the X11 web color spring green was formulated in 1987 when the X11 colors were first promulgated. This color is now called spring bud to avoid confusion with the web color.
Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.
Pink colors are usually light or desaturated shades of reds, roses, and magentas which are created on computer and television screens using the RGB color model and in printing with the CMYK color model. As such, it is an arbitrary classification of color.
The color magenta has notable tints and shades. These various colors are shown below.
Varieties of the color yellow may differ in hue, chroma or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a yellow or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.
Varieties of the color blue may differ in hue, chroma, or lightness, or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a blue or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these colors is shown below.
Shades of white are colors that differ only slightly from pure white. Variations of white include what are commonly termed off-white colors, which may be considered part of a neutral color scheme.
Variations of gray or grey include achromatic grayscale shades, which lie exactly between white and black, and nearby colors with low colorfulness. A selection of a number of these various colors is shown below.
The color cyan, a greenish-blue, has notable tints and shades. It is one of the subtractive primary colors along with magenta, and yellow.
Violet is a color term derived from the flower of the same name. There are numerous variations of the color violet, a sampling of which are shown below.
There are numerous variations of the color purple, a sampling of which is shown below.
Shades of brown can be produced by combining red, yellow, and black pigments, or by a combination of orange and black—illustrated in the color box. The RGB color model, that generates all colors on computer and television screens, makes brown by combining red and green light at different intensities. Brown color names are often imprecise, and some shades, such as beige, can refer to lighter rather than darker shades of yellow and red. Such colors are less saturated than colors perceived to be orange. Browns are usually described as light or dark, reddish, yellowish, or gray-brown. There are no standardized names for shades of brown; the same shade may have different names on different color lists, and sometimes one name can refer to several very different colors. The X11 color list of web colors has seventeen different shades of brown, but the complete list of browns is much longer.
Shades of black, or off-black colors, are colors that differ only slightly from pure black. These colors have a low lightness. From a photometric point of view, a color which differs slightly from black always has low relative luminance. Colors often considered "shades of black" include onyx, black olive, charcoal, and jet.
Rose is the color halfway between red and magenta on the HSV color wheel, also known as the RGB color wheel.
References
↑ Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. N. Svoronos. CRC Handbook of Fundamental Spectroscopic Correlation Charts. CRC Press, 2005. Color
↑ Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). Guía de coloraciones (Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). Guide to Colorations) Madrid: H. Blume. ISBN84-89840-31-8
↑ Gallego, Rose and Sanz, Juan Carlos "Diccionario Akal del color" (2001) Akal ISBN978-84-460-1083-8
↑ Amamiya, K., & Iwashina, T. (2016). Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Flower Pigments in Chocolate Cosmos, Cosmos atrosanguineus, and its Hybrids. Natural Product Communications, 11(1), 77–78.
↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 203; Color Sample of rosewood Page 33 Plate 5 Color Sample J9
↑ The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called imperial red in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color imperial red is displayed on page 27, Plate 2, Color Sample L11.
↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 196; Color Sample of Imperial Red: Page 27 Plate 2 Color Sample L11
↑ The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called vermilion in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color vermilion is displayed on page 27, Plate 2, Color Sample L11. It is noted on page 193 that the color cinnabar is another name for the color vermilion.
1 2 "Ca through Cz". ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Colo(u)r Names. John C. Foster and Texas Precancel Club. 1955. color sample #26. Archived from the original on July 30, 2017. Retrieved September 22, 2010. The ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names is a color dictionary used by stamp collectors to identify the colors of stamps.
↑ Maerz, Aloys John; Paul, Morris Rea (1930). A Dictionary of Color. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. p.193.; color sample of coral pink: page 27, plate 2, color sample F9.
↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 199; Color Sample of Melon: Page 27 Plate 2 Color Sample D10
Gettens, R. J.; Stout, G. L. (1966). "Iron Oxide Red". Painting Materials: A Short Encyclopedia. Courier Corporation. p.122. ISBN978-0-486-14242-5. OCLC868969354.
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Color coordinates
