/e/ (operating system)

Last updated

/e/
E Foundation logo.svg
Developer Gaël Duval, /e/ Foundation
OS family Android (Linux)
Latest release 3.5 [1] OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg / 17 February 2026;10 days ago (17 February 2026)
Repository gitlab.e.foundation
Available inMultilingual
Package manager APK-based "App Lounge" [2] [3]
Supported platforms ARM, ARM64
Kernel type Monolithic (Linux)
License Apache 2, MIT and other licenses
Official website https://e.foundation/e-os/

/e/ (also known as /e/ OS and /e/OS, formerly Eelo) is a fork of LineageOS, [4] [5] an Android-based mobile operating system, and associated online services. [6] /e/ is presented as privacy software that does not contain proprietary Google apps or services, [7] and challenges the public to "find any parts of the system or default applications that are still leaking data to Google". [8]

Contents

Software

/e/ is a fork of LineageOS, [4] [5] which is a fork of the CyanogenMod and Android operating systems. /e/ uses MicroG, "an open source project that hijacks Google API calls" according to Ron Amadeo of Ars Technica, as an alternative for Google Play Services and geolocation. [5]

Some /e/ applications and sources are proprietary. [9] /e/ includes a non-open-source maps app, Magic Earth. [10] A privacy app was proprietary when first developed, then open source after release. [11]

As of February 2026 builds based on Android versions up to 15 were available. [12]

History

In 2017, Mandrake Linux creator Gaël Duval proposed the concept of an operating system without privacy-invasive software as a "non-profit project 'in the public interest'". Duval wrote, "Apple, Google, Facebook etc., business models are harmful for our economical and social environments". [13] The operating system was initially called Eelo; the name was inspired by moray eels, which Duval saw as "fish that can hide in the sea". [14] [15] Duval launched a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign with an initial goal of €25,000, and received at least €71,000 from contributors. [13] [14] [16]

Eelo was renamed to /e/ in July 2018 due to a conflict with the "eelloo" trademark, which was owned by a human resources company. In a March 2020 interview, Duval stated the /e/ name would be abandoned "for something else quite soon". [8] [17]

Beta versions of /e/ were released for 20 to 30 smartphone models in September 2018. [8] [18] As of February 2026 /e/ supported 271 smartphone models. [19] As of April 2020, /e/ was teaming with Fairphone to sell phones. [20]

Corporations and organizations

ECORP SAS, a privately held corporation founded in 2018 with Gaël Duval President and Alexis Noetinger General Director, operates the online store selling phones with /e/ operating system pre-installed, and the included online services. [21] [22]

ESolutions SAS, a privately held corporation, was formed in January 2020 with Ecorp SAS listed as President[ clarification needed ] and Alexis Noetinger as General Director. ESolutions operates the online store for sales of phones and cloud storage subscriptions. [23] [24]

Murena phones

In May 2022, Liam Proven writing for The Register reported that Murena "privacy-centric" phones would be sold by Murena company with /e/ included. [25] [26] [27] The Murena company was established as a different entity for selling these phones, [28] and ESolutions SAS was re-named Murena Retail. [29] The Murena One, a budget hardware device running Android 10, was priced "noticeably more expensive than the rock-bottom budget end of the market". Proven also said /e/ OS feels "clunky in places", functionality was restricted compared with full Google Android, but it worked and was fast and stable. David Pierce of The Verge said App Lounge required accepting Terms of Service, and you download Play apps from Google in a "different-looking store". The connection to Google made "a lot of Murena's early testers mad" according to Pierce. Pierce concluded Murena and /e/OS showed "how ingrained Google is in our digital lives" and how much control Google has. [26] Michael Allison of Digital Trends said at the time "Murena will all but certainly fail" and "A de-Googled smartphone can never hit mass appeal". [27]

In November 2022, Ferdinand Thommes, after testing a pre-production Murena One, wrote for linux-community.de, "The range of basic applications on the Murena One covers the usual applications well" and has a "uniform look". Thommes said all included apps were open-source except Magic Earth navigation. Apart from short-term, unidentified problems with Wi-Fi, which were fixed after several reboots, and an NFC failure, "the software and hardware worked without any problems". Thommes stated /e/OS "is not hardened in any way", and recommended GrapheneOS or CalyxOS if you need a hardened smartphone. He also said the supplied version of /e/OS was "based on Android 10, which is no longer supported by Google". About the included MicroG, Thommes wrote "many communities like LineageOS are critical of it because it uses signature spoofing" which, if handled carelessly, can "increase the attack surface of your system". Thommes said the hardware was "solid-looking and well-held", from the "lower mid-range", with a four-year-old Mediatek Helio P60, describing it as "in the lower third of performance", with camera quality that is "acceptable at best." He said Murena One is aimed at people who do not want to leave their data to Google, and do not want to install and maintain an operating system. Thommes stated respect is due to Gaël Duval, who has been working on the operating system since 2017, and concluded "For German users, the Volla Phone 22 offers a possible alternative to the Murena One." [30]

As of 2026 Murena continued to sell a range of updated phones, and a tablet computer. [31]

Reception

The Free Software Foundation declined to endorse /e/ because it "contains nonfree libraries". [9] Ross Rubin of Fast Company described /e/'s strategy as a "Google-like approach" of maximizing user adoption, in contrast to hardware manufacturer and software developer Purism's "Apple-like approach" of vertical integration. [32] Jack Wallen of TechRepublic believed that /e/ will "prove Android can exist without Google", but predicted that the operating system would not appeal to ordinary smartphone users. [33] Sascha Segan of PC Magazine was "encouraged by /e/, and by its determination to create an easy-to-use (and, hopefully, easy to install) alternative," but was "queasy about the sources of third-party apps on /e/." He also defended /e/ against InfoSec Handbook's criticisms, which /e/ "took to heart and has been working on it in public bug threads anyone can read online." [34]

In November 2020, Tim Anderson of The Register said installation of /e/ is "not for the fainthearted" but the operating system "feels lightweight and responsive" because of "fewer background services than on a typical Android device." [35]

In a review in March 2021, Ron Amadeo of Ars Technica said, "Actually getting regular Android apps to run on a forked version of Android is a challenge", and "there's a good chance that functionality won't work on /e/ OS." He also described "/e/'s communication problems". [5]

In August 2022 for TomsGuide.com, Jordan Palmer wrote about experimenting with installing /e/OS version 1 on an ASUS Zenphone 8, Pixel 4a, and Pixel 5, and summarized by saying, "I don't want to be mean, but I also can't sugarcoat it: the documentation and recovery aren't good experiences." Palmer was unable to get the "Easy Installer" for Pixel 4a to run on Fedora or Manjaro. Of the "iOS influence" and "Apple-like design", Palmer "had hoped for more originality" and criticized using the two years old Android 11 version. Palmer said "The system apps all seem to work OK, even on the Pixel 4a's hardware" but was baffled because the Google Fi app was preinstalled, and concluded "If I can get the ROM installed properly on the Zenfone 8 I have in my office, I might just give /e/OS another shot as my daily driver". [36]

Releases

Version LineageOS VersionRelease dateAndroid Security patchesMicroG version
0.9 2020-06-26
0.10 2020-08-07
0.11 2020-08-28
0.12 2020-10-01
0.13 2020-12-080.2.14.204215
0.14 2021-01-27
0.15 2021-03-15
0.16 2021-04-15
0.17 2021-06-10
TBD
2.0 202024-05-16 2024-04-01 0.3.1.240913Upgrade of the launcher. Support of Android Auto. Advanced Privacy has a Wall of Shame. App lounge allows to filter apps without tracker or Open Source (from F-Droid)
2.1 202024-06-06 2024-05-01 N/AFairphone 4 has been upgraded to Android 13. Introduction of their own backend location services to take over Mozilla Location Services ending
2.2 202024-07-22 2024-06-01 0.3.2.240913Introduction of Parental Control
2.3 202024-08-22 2024-07-01 N/AFixes and security updates
2.4 202024-09-27 2024-09-01 N/APixel 7 is officially supported.
2.5 202024-11-12 2024-10-01 N/AAdvanced Privacy is now able to make the real position available to some apps while fake location is on. UnifiedPush notifications are now supported.
2.6.3 212024-12-17 2024-11-01 N/AGoogle apps are working again. Anonymous login in App Lounge is fixed. ~100 devices can be upgraded to Android 14
2.7 212025-01-14 2024-12-01 0.3.6.244735Microsoft account is handled by the Mail app. Galaxy S20, S20+ and S20 Ultra are now supported.
2.8 212025-02-27 2025-01-01 N/A
2.9 212025-04-01 2025-03-01 N/AMullvad DNS is used by default for Parental Control. Improvements to App Lounge.
3.0 212025-06-03 2025-05-01 N/AIntroduction of "Find my device", get the device location by sending an SMS to it. Introduction to Murena Voice to Text as a premium feature. Improvements to Parental Control. Teracube 2s is now officially supported.
3.0.1 212025-06-06N/AN/AFix crash of Advanced Privacy
3.0.2 22.22025-06-30N/AN/AAccessibility improvements with inclusion of Live caption
3.0.4 22.22025-07-11 2025-06-01 N/ASecurity release
3.1.1 22.22025-09-02 2025-08-01 0.3.8.250932
3.1.2 22.22025-09-08N/AN/AWithdrawned
3.1.3 22.22025-09-08N/AN/ACritical fixes for Fairphone 6
3.1.4 22.22025-09-22 2025-09-01
3.2 22.22025-10-27 2025-10-01 UpdatedAndroid 15 is now available on many new devices
3.3 22.22025-12-16 2025-12-01 Updated
3.4 22.22026-01-20 2026-01-01 0.3.11.250932Improvements to Murena Voice to Text and App Lounge
3.5 22.22026-02-17 2026-02-01 Fixes for Fairphone 6

See also

References

  1. ↑ "v3.5". 17 February 2026.
  2. ↑ "App Lounge".
  3. ↑ Gilbertson, Scott. "/E/OS is Better Than Android. You Should Try It". Wired.
  4. 1 2 "/e/ is a Google-free LineageOS fork for several Android devices". 29 November 2018. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Amadeo, Ron (3 March 2021). "Google-free /e/ OS is now selling preloaded phones in the USA, starting at $380". Ars Technica . Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  6. ↑ Moody, Glyn (8 October 2018). "Now Is the Time to Start Planning for the Post-Android World". Linux Journal . Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  7. ↑ Rajan, Nandagopal (1 January 2018). "Eelo, new 'privacy-enabled' smartphone OS, will have no Google inside". The Indian Express . Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  8. 1 2 3 Orlowski, Andrew (24 September 2018). "Open-source alt-droid wants to know if it's still leaking data to Google". The Register . Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  9. 1 2 Free Software Foundation's Licensing and Compliance Lab (ed.). "Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems". GNU . Retrieved 25 July 2022. /e/ (formerly eelo) is a modified version of Android, which contains nonfree libraries.
  10. ↑ "Maps application". e Foundation. 24 June 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2026.
  11. ↑ "Advanced Privacy? - #9 by Manoj - Forum - /e/ community". /e/ community. 24 June 2022. Archived from the original on 24 June 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  12. ↑ "/e/OS documentation - section Officially Supported Community and Official Builds". e Foundation. Retrieved 26 February 2026.
  13. 1 2 Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (2 January 2018). "Eelo: A Google-less Android alternative emerges". ZDNet . Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  14. 1 2 Byfield, Bruce (March 2018). "You Say Goodbye, and I Say eelo". Linux Magazine . No. 208. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  15. ↑ David, Nash (5 January 2018). "eelo: In conversation with Gaël Duval, creator of the Google-less Android project". BGR India . Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  16. ↑ Nora, Dominique (13 January 2018). "Eelo, le smartphone qui veut se passer d'Apple et Google". L'Obs (in French). Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  17. ↑ "The De-Googled Android Fork is Making Good Progress". It's FOSS News. 7 March 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  18. ↑ Filippone, Dominique (19 September 2018). "Eelo : l'OS mobile open source de Gaël Duval sort en bêta" [Eelo: Gaël Duval's open source mobile OS is released in beta]. Le Monde informatique  [ fr ] (in French). Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  19. ↑ "Smartphone Selector". doc.e.foundation. Retrieved 26 February 2026.
  20. ↑ Lomas, Natasha (29 April 2020). "Fairphone teams up with /e/OS on a box-fresh 'deGoogled' handset". TechCrunch. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  21. ↑ "ECORP solutions". ecorp.solutions. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  22. ↑ "ECORP S.A.S (CAEN) Chiffre d'affaires, résultat, bilans sur SOCIETE.COM - 840996516". www.societe.com. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  23. ↑ "ESOLUTIONS (PARIS 7) Chiffre d'affaires, résultat, bilans sur SOCIETE.COM - 883789398". www.societe.com. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  24. ↑ E Foundation. "e Cloud Storage Upgrade". E Foundation. Archived from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  25. ↑ Proven, Liam. "Murena and /e/ Foundation launch privacy-centric smartphones". www.theregister.com. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  26. 1 2 Pierce, David (31 May 2022). "The Murena One shows exactly how hard it is to de-Google your smartphone". The Verge. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  27. 1 2 "Sorry Murena, a successful Android phone needs Google". Digital Trends. 1 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  28. ↑ Das, Ankush (1 June 2022). "de-Googled /e/OS v1 Released Along with a New Brand 'Murena' for Smartphone and Cloud Services". It's FOSS News. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  29. ↑ "Annonces légales trouvées pour : MURENA RETAIL". actulegales.fr. 8 July 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  30. ↑ Thommes, Ferdinand (November 2022). "Smartphone Murena One mit /e/OS". LinuxCommunity (in German). Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  31. ↑ "Murena Fairphone (Gen. 6)". Murena - deGoogled phones and services. 9 May 2025. Retrieved 26 February 2026.
  32. ↑ Rubin, Ross (9 August 2019). "These startups aim to smash Apple and Google's smartphone duopoly". Fast Company . Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  33. ↑ Wallen, Jack (3 October 2018). "Is /e/ good or bad for mobility?". TechRepublic . Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  34. ↑ Segan, Sascha (21 October 2019). "Hands On With /e/, a Version of Android That Ditches Google". PCMAG. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  35. ↑ Anderson, Tim (12 November 2020). "Android without Google – and yes it has apps: The Reg talks to founder about the /e/ smartphone". www.theregister.com. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  36. ↑ Palmer, Jordan (13 August 2022). "I tried completely de-Googled Android — here's what happened". Tom's Guide. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
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