The 1987 Pacific hurricane season was the last year in which the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center was the primary warning center for tropical cyclones in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The season officially started May 15, 1987, in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1987, in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1987. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when the vast majority of tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.[1]
Despite there being 20 named systems, five above the average, only four storms directly affected land. Hurricane Eugene was the first Pacific hurricane to make landfall in Mexico in July since the 1954 season and caused three deaths and $142.12 million damage. Tropical Storm Pilar and Hurricane Norma also came close to land, with the former producing record rain in Baja California Sur. The remnants of Hurricanes Ramon and Norma caused rain in the Continental United States, with the former responsible for five traffic-related deaths. Elsewhere, Peke was a central north Pacific hurricane that crossed the International Date Line and became a typhoon of the 1987 Pacific typhoon season.
Seasonal summary
Overall, the season continued the general trend in the 1980s of well above-average seasons in the East Pacific.[2] In 1987, there were 20 tropical storms, 10 hurricanes, and four major hurricanes,[3] all were well above average, save the number of major hurricanes which was only slightly above normal. The former made 1987 the fifth most active season on record at that time.[2] Today, 1987 is tied with the 1994 Pacific hurricane season and the 2009 Pacific hurricane season as the sixth most active on record. [3] In the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility, one storm peaked at hurricane strength (Peke) and one peaked as a tropical storm (Oka). Two tropical storms entered this area of responsibility from the east by crossing 140°W.[4]
The season lasted a total 171 days beginning with the formation of Adrian and early June and the dissipation of Tropical Depression Twenty on November 25. There was a total of 924 storms hours and 631 hurricane hours. By comparison, the long-term averages at that time were 161 season days, 875 tropical storm hours, and 664 hurricane hours. A total of 397 advisories were issued, which was below the 1977–1987 average of 428. The hurricane hunters did not fly into any of the storms in 1987.[5] This was also the first year where tropical storm watches and warnings were issued instead of gale watches and warnings for tropical cyclones.[6] 1987 was the last season that the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center in Redwood City was responsible for forecasting in this basin, a task it had performed since circa 1972. The EPHC was folded into the National Hurricane Center, which took responsibility for the basin starting in the spring of 1988.[7]
Only one tropical storm developed in June. In July, six named storms formed. Out of these storms, Hilary was the only storm to reach major hurricane status.[3] The month of August had a total of five named storms, four of which became hurricanes. However, August did not feature any major hurricanes, though Hurricane Jova came close, peaking as a moderate Category 2. The month of September held the same number of named storms as August, with five named storms.[3] The month also was the carrier of the strongest hurricane on record at that time (that had its intensity estimated from satellite imagery), Hurricane Max, a strong Category 4 hurricane. Hurricane Norma was a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale, which dissipated to the south of the Baja California Peninsula.[5] The month of October featured only two tropical cyclones. The first system, Ramon, was a Category 4 hurricane.[3]
Very few cyclones this season impacted land. The only landfalling hurricane of the year, Hurricane Eugene was responsible for significantly damaging about 15 sq. mi of fruit crop, where damage estimated were at $2.6 million (1987 USD) In all, damage totaled to about $142 million.[8][9] Tropical Storm Irwin, paralleled the coast of Mexico, causing flooding near Acapulco. Damage there was totaled at $2.1 million (1987 USD). The remnants of Norma and Pilar produced rain over Baja California Sur. The remnants of Ramon brought extremely heavy rains to the Western United States.[5]
A moderate El Niño was present throughout the season, with water temperatures across the equatorial Central Pacific being 1.6°C (34.9°F) above normal.[10] The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) was in a warm phase during this time period,[11] with estimates placing the PDO at +0.81°C (33.46°F).[12]
Systems
Tropical Storm Adrian
Tropical storm(SSHWS)
Duration
June 7– June 9
Peak intensity
45mph (75km/h) (1-min);
On June 7, a tropical depression formed 400mi (645km) southeast of Acapulco, Mexico. It strengthened into a tropical storm immediately thereafter. After peaking with maximum sustained winds of 45mph (70km/h) on June8, Adrian slowly weakened. It fell to tropical depression status on June9 and dissipated later that day. During its life, Adrian paralleled the Mexican shoreline far offshore before looping counter-clockwise over its path when it was a depression.[3]
Tropical Storm Beatriz
Tropical storm(SSHWS)
Duration
July 3– July 7
Peak intensity
50mph (85km/h) (1-min);
On July 3, a tropical depression formed 970mi (1,560km) south of Cabo San Lucas. It strengthened into a tropical storm later that day. Beatriz slowly strengthened and moved generally northwest as it stayed far offshore. On July 5, Beatriz reached its peak wind speed of 50mph (80km/h). It weakened thereafter, falling to a depression on July 6 and dissipating the next day.[3]
Tropical Storm Calvin
Tropical storm(SSHWS)
Duration
July 5– July 10
Peak intensity
65mph (100km/h) (1-min);
A tropical depression formed 310mi (500km) south of Mexico on July 5 and immediately strengthened into a tropical storm the next day. Calvin headed generally east. On July 8, as a strong tropical storm. It then gradually weakened, falling to a depression on July 9 and dissipated the next day while located 440mi (710km) southwest of Cabo San Lucas.[3]
Tropical Storm Dora
Tropical storm(SSHWS)
Duration
July 15– July 20
Peak intensity
60mph (95km/h) (1-min);
A tropical depression that had organized on July 15 while located 710mi (1,140km) south of Cabo San Lucas. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm that same day while located around 215mi (345km) west of Acapulco. Dora headed west-northwest and slowly strengthened. It reached its peak winds of 60mph (95km/h) on July 17. It then steadily weakened, becoming a depression two days later. Dora dissipated on July 20 while located 500mi (805km) west of Cabo San Lucas.[3]
A tropical disturbance developed into a tropical depression on July 22 near the coast of Mexico. It initially headed westward and strengthened into a tropical storm the same day it formed.[3] It strengthened into a hurricane, the first of the season, on July 24 as an upper-level cyclone pulled the system north.[13] After peaking as a low-end Category2 hurricane on July 25,[3] land interaction weakened the hurricane to Category1 as it made landfall west of Manzanillo. The rough topography weakened Eugene, and the hurricane was only a depression when it emerged into the Gulf of California. It promptly dissipated on July 26.[13]
When the storm first posed a threat to Mexico on July 24, the port of Zinuhuatenjo was closed for small craft. Operation classes were suspended in Acapulco. In Manzanillo, the port was officially closed down. The Mexican navy was put on alert for a total distance of 945mi (1,520km). The weather service issued navigation warnings for three coastal states and ships were urged to maintain contact with officials.[14] Hurricane Eugene caused extremely heavy rain in coastal parts of Mexico. The highest rain was 20.68inches at Aquila, Michoacán.[13] The system was responsible for the highest tropical cyclone caused rainfall in five Mexican states.[15] Over 5,000 people were displaced.[16] In Manzanillo alone, at least 60people were rendered homeless.[17] Most of the damage was the scattering of debris and mud. Six people were injured, and a man in Venustiano Carrazano was killed when a palm tree was blown over.[18] In all, three fatalities were reported.[16] The hurricane destroyed about 15sq. mi (39km2) of fruit crop in the country, amounting to more than $2.6million in damage (1987USD).[19] Additionally, damage to eight beach houses totaled to $120,000.[20] Total crop damage reached $142million (1987USD);[9] In the aftermath of the storm, the navy and army and local government devised a cleanup plan. They worked quickly to restore water and power service, and within a few days the services had been restored for most of the impacted area.[16]
Tropical Storm Fernanda
Tropical storm(SSHWS)
Duration
July 24– July 31
Peak intensity
65mph (100km/h) (1-min);
At a location more westerly than typical for eastern Pacific hurricanes, Tropical Depression Nine-E[4] formed on July 24. Heading west, the cyclone reached tropical storm intensity on July 25. Fernanda strengthened and reached its peak strength near hurricane status on July 26, the same day it crossed 140°W and entered the central north Pacific.[3] Fernanda headed in the general direction of the Hawaiian Islands as a trough approached. The trough caused wind shear, which weakened the cyclone into a tropical depression on July 28. Fernanda dissipated three days later.[4]
Hurricane Greg
Category 1hurricane(SSHWS)
Duration
July 28– August 3
Peak intensity
80mph (130km/h) (1-min);
A tropical wave left the coast of Panama on July 26. It organized into Tropical Depression Ten on July 28 while located 800mi (1,300km) and it strengthened into a tropical storm the day after the system formed. Over 84°F (29°C) water,[5] the cyclone steadily intensified as it roughly paralleled the Mexican coast while remaining far offshore. Greg became a hurricane on 1800 UTC July 31 and peaked with wind speeds of 80mph (130kmh) on August 1. It then weakened as it moved over cooler water, falling to tropical storm intensity later on August 1. At this time, Greg was located 570mi (915km) away from Baja California. It then weakened into depression intensity on August 2, and completely dissipated the next day.[5][3] Greg affected Mexico a few weeks after Eugene did, resulting in additional flooding. Due to both storms, the region registered rainfall amounts for times the average.[8][full citation needed]
Hurricane Hilary
Category 3hurricane(SSHWS)
Duration
July 31– August 9
Peak intensity
120mph (195km/h) (1-min);
A tropical wave moved through Central America on July30 and July31. Steered by a large deep-layer ridge that extended as far southwest as Hawaii and as far northeast as Oklahoma, the wave moved steadily west-northwest. Thunderstorm activity increased considerably after 00:00 UTC on July31. A tropical depression formed at 18:00UTC on July31 while located 775mi (1,245km) south of Cabo San Lucas.[5] The cyclone strengthened at a steady pace and reached hurricane intensity on August1. Hilary continued strengthening, and became a hurricane on August2. On August3, the cyclone reached Category3 status on the Saffir–Simpson scale, making it the first major hurricane of the season. At its peak strength, which it reached on August4, Hilary attained winds of 120mph (195km/h).[5][3] It then weakened, and had fallen to Category1 intensity on August 5. The hurricane then restrengthened, maintaining Category2 intensity until August6. The system then began a terminal weakening trend. By August 7 it was only a tropical storm. After falling to depression strength, Hilary dissipated on August9[3] over 21°C (70°F) waters.[5] In Southern California, officials hoped that Hilary would produce a major increase in waves in time for a surfing tournament finals, though only a small increase in wave action was expected.[21]
Tropical Storm Irwin
Tropical storm(SSHWS)
Duration
August 3– August 9
Peak intensity
65mph (100km/h) (1-min);
A tropical depression formed on August 3 over 1,000mi (1,610km) south of Manzanillo. The depression quickly intensified into a tropical storm. Irwin fluctuated in strength as it closely paralleled the coast of Mexico. On August 6, Irwin reached its maximum winds of 65mph (105km/h); it maintained that velocity for over two days. During August 8, Irwin turned nearly due west and headed out to sea. Irwin weakened to a tropical depression on August 9 and immediately dissipated.[3] Forecasters at one point in time noted the possibility of the storm impacting California.[22] In addition, the storm produced heavy rainfall in Mexico, causing $2.1 million in damage. Although many businesses and homes received damage, no deaths were reported.[5]
Hurricane Jova
Category 2hurricane(SSHWS)
Duration
August 13– August 22
Peak intensity
105mph (165km/h) (1-min);
A tropical depression formed on August 13, while located 1,095mi (1,760km) south-southeast from Baja California Sur. The cyclone intensified into Tropical Storm Jova the next day.[3] The depression initially moved to the west-southwest due to a ridge north of the system. It slowly strengthened and reached hurricane intensity on 1800 UTC August 16. The intensifying hurricane then turned west-northwest. When it peaked on August 17, Jova was a moderate Category2 hurricane.[5] After peaking, Jova slowly weakened as it turned westbound. It was in a moderately declining state when it crossed 140°W and entered the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility.[5] Jova continued to weaken, and was a depression by August 20.[3] Jova dissipated two days later while due south of the Big Island of Hawaii over 70°F (21°C) water,[5] although it remnants were still visible south of Johnston Atoll until at least August 24.[4] Jova generated heavy surf for a few days in Southern California.[23]
Tropical Storm Oka
Tropical storm(SSHWS)
Duration
August 26– August 29
Peak intensity
60mph (95km/h) (1-min);
A disturbance in the Intertropical Convergence Zone organized into Tropical Depression One-C on August 26. Twelve hours later, it was upgraded to a tropical storm and named Oka, which is Hawaiian for Oscar. Oka slowly moved west-northwest and reached its peak wind speed of 60mph (95kmh) on August 27. The next day, a nearby trough caused wind shear, which weakened Oka to a depression on August 29 and subsequently destroyed it.[4]
Tropical Storm Knut
Tropical storm(SSHWS)
Duration
August 28– August 30
Peak intensity
40mph (65km/h) (1-min);
On August 28, a tropical depression formed 1,165mi (1,875km) west Manzanillo, Mexico. Twelve hours later, it strengthened into a tropical storm and was named Knut. Never attaining winds stronger than 40mph (65 kmh), Knut stayed a tropical storm for one day. It weakened to a tropical depression on August 30 and dissipated later that day. The cyclone stayed out at sea for its entire life, and never threatened land.[3]
Hurricane Lidia
Category 1hurricane(SSHWS)
Duration
August 29– September 3
Peak intensity
85mph (140km/h) (1-min);
Lidia originated from a disturbance that entered the basin on August 28. It remained south of the Mexican coast in an area of warm sea surface temperatures, and at 1800 UTC August 29, Tropical Depression Fifteen formed.[5] It intensified into a tropical storm six hours after development about 860mi (1,385km) away from Baja California Sur. Lidia moved northwest, paralleling the Mexican coast. It edged in a more westerly direction for a day before resuming its northwesterly path, and reached hurricane intensity on 0600 UTC September 1.[3] At its strongest on September 1 based on intensity estimates via Dvorak classifications, Hurricane Lidia had a wind speed of 85mph (135km/h).[5] Shortly thereafter, Lidia began weakening and lost hurricane intensity on September 2.[3] Lidia weakened very rapidly over cold water.[5] Early the next day, Lidia weakened to a tropical depression[3] and dissipated over 76°F (24°C) waters on 1200 UTC September 3.[5] The remnants of the storm; however, brought showers to California.[24][full citation needed] One woman was injured by a lightning strike.[25][full citation needed]
Hurricane Max
Category 4hurricane(SSHWS)
Duration
September 9– September 16
Peak intensity
155mph (250km/h) (1-min);
A tropical disturbance left Central America on September 8. At 1200 UTC on September 9, a tropical depression formed over the warm waters south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec.[5] While located 935mi (1,505km) from Cabo San Lucas, the depression intensified into a tropical storm and was named Max.[3] Tracking west-northwest, Max rapidly intensified and became a hurricane on September 11, over a day after it was named.[5] Turning northwest, Max continued to intensify. By September 10, the cyclone reached Category 2 intensity, and became a major hurricane several hours later. On September 12, Hurricane Max reached Category4 intensity. The cyclone reached its maximum windspeed of 155mph (250km/h) on September 13.[3] Around that time, a then-record was set for the highest satellite estimates for a Pacific hurricane.[26]Dvorak classifications—used to estimate a tropical cyclone's intensity—were at T7.0/160mph (255km/h), the highest ever recorded in the basin,[5] though this was later matched by hurricanes Hernan and Trudy of the 1990 Pacific hurricane season.[26][27]
Max maintained its intensity for 24 hours. However, the storm crossed the 78°F (26°C)isotherm and began to weaken rapidly. The hurricane's track then shifted north for a time, before turning to the west on September 15. That same day, it weakened to a tropical storm. The tropical cyclone dissipated at 1200 UTC September 16 while located 865mi (1,390km) north-northeast of Cabo San Lucas.[3] The hurricane was predicted to cause 8ft (2.4m)waves in Southern California, though Max was well past its peak at that time.[28]
Hurricane Norma
Category 1hurricane(SSHWS)
Duration
September 14– September 20
Peak intensity
75mph (120km/h) (1-min);
A tropical disturbance developed on September 13 while located 340mi (550km) southwest of Acapulco. Moving northwest, a depression formed on September 14 far from land.[5] It took over 24 hours to reach tropical storm strength. Norma paralleled the coast far offshore.[3] The storm steadily intensified over 84°F (29°C)sea surface temperatures. On September 17, Norma turned to the north, and became a minimal hurricane for 12 hours as an eye became visible on infrared imagery.[3][5] Norma turned northbound toward land. However, Norma remained offshore due weak southwesterly flow from a cutoff low located west of Baja California Sur. The cyclone stalled[5] and then edged slightly east when it weakened back into a depression on September 19. Tropical Depression Norma dissipated a mere 95mi (155km) south of the Baja California Peninsula; it never made landfall.[3]
Prior to the remains of Hurricane Norma's arrival in the Southwestern United States, forecasters were anticipating cloudy skies over San Diego. Over the deserts and mountains near the area, there was also a possibility of heavy rainfall.[29] The remnants ultimately caused rainfall and thunderstorms in California on September 22 and September 23. The rainfall totaled to .70in (18mm) at Lindbergh Field, and .97in (25mm) at Lemon Grove. There were numerous power outages, small fires, some road flooding, and some property damage.[30] In San Diego and southern Orange County, 200,000 homes and business lost power, but the power was quickly restored.[31] However, there are no reports of damage or flooding in Baja California from the storm; the area the tropical cyclone struck was sparsely populated.[5]
Hurricane Otis
Category 3hurricane(SSHWS)
Duration
September 20– September 26
Peak intensity
115mph (185km/h) (1-min);
Otis originated from the a tropical disturbance embedded in the monsoon trough. It moved over the warm waters south of the Mexican Riviera from September 17 to September 19. At 0000 UTC September 20, the disturbance was upgraded into Tropical Depression Nineteen-E while moving to the northwest.[5] It strengthened into a tropical storm later that day while located 950mi (1,530km) southwest of La Paz.[3] Eighteen hours later on September 21, Otis intensified into a hurricane.[5] It also began to turn back to the west and began to undergo a period of rapid deepening. On September 22, Otis reached its peak windspeed of 115mph (185km/h).[5] It would oscillate irregularly between that strength and Category2 intensity until September 24.[3] That day, it began accelerating to the west as it lost strength due to increased wind shear and decreasing ocean temperature.[5] Otis fell to tropical storm strength on September 25 and a depression on September 26, and dissipated shortly after that.[3]
An area of disturbed weather southwest of Hawaii gathered enough convection and a closed circulation to become Tropical Depression Two-C on September 21. It immediately strengthened into a storm and was named Peke. Peke continued to strengthen as it tracked north just east of the International Date Line. Peke intensified into a hurricane on September 23 and reached Category2 intensity the next day. Peke continued heading north and shortly after weakening into a Category1 hurricane, it turned to the northwest and crossed the dateline.[4] It re-intensified, and peaked as a 115mph (185km/h) typhoon on September 23. It accelerated to the northwest and began to take in drier air, which caused weakening. On October 2, Peke re-curved to the southeast. The last advisory on this tropical cyclone was issued on October 3 as it dissipated. Peke's remnants continued drifting erratically for over three days, first heading east, then northwest, and then southeast, at which time they were finally unidentifiable.[32]
Hurricane/Typhoon Peke caused no damages or deaths.[4][32] However, was also the first tropical cyclone of hurricane strength to cross the dateline since Hurricane Sarah (1967) to cross the dateline at that strength.[32] In addition, Peke was the third tropical cyclone in three years to exist on both sides of the dateline, after 1985's Typhoon Skip[33] and 1986's Typhoon Georgette.[34]
Tropical Storm Pilar
Tropical storm(SSHWS)
Duration
September 30– October 1
Peak intensity
40mph (65km/h) (1-min);
A tropical depression formed on September 30 while located 330mi (530km) south of the Baja California Peninsula. It headed north and peaked as a minimal tropical storm on October 1. After being a tropical storm for a mere six hours, Pilar weakened to a depression and dissipated that same day. It never made landfall, dissipating just south of the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula.[3] It was a tropical cyclone for a total of 24 hours. The system caused no known damage on land, but Pilar dropped heavy precipitation on Baja California Sur from 1200 UTC on September 30 until 0000 UTC October 2. An observer station reported 7.15in (182mm) of rainfall. This was the most rainfall the weather station had ever recorded since its founding in 1969.[5]
On October 3–4 an area of disturbed weather moved into the Pacific Ocean south of a high-pressure area over Central Mexico. The storm became better organized over 84°F (29°C) waters.[5] By October 5, a tropical storm had developed 490mi (790km) southwest of Manzanillo, bypassing the tropical depression stage.[3] It moved generally to the west-northwest.[5] Ramon intensified into a hurricane on October 7 and reached major hurricane status on October 8. At its most intense on October 9 and October 10, Hurricane Ramon had winds of 140mph (225km/h).[3] After peaking, Ramon turned to the northwest due to interaction with subtropical jetstream winds and rapidly weakened over cooler sea surface temperatures.[5] It became a tropical storm on October 11 and a depression on October 12. It dissipated shortly thereafter.[3]
Torrential rains deluged Southern California,[35] resulting in street flooding.[36] Two people perished in separate traffic accidents.[37] In Los Angeles, three more people perished in separate traffic incidents.[38] Heavy rains extended west and was also reported in Hemet in Riverside County,[38] where three people were also injured during a car accident.[39] The rains helped dissolve a week-long forest fire 16,000acre (65,000,000m2) on Mt. Palomar.[38] The Spring Creek River overflowed its banks.[40] The tropical moisture also helped end a 37-day dry spell at Salt Lake City, marking the longest time the city went without rain since 1964. Nationwide, Ramon killed five people, all due to road-related incidents.[41]
Tropical Storm Selma
Tropical storm(SSHWS)
Duration
October 27– October 31
Peak intensity
40mph (65km/h) (1-min);
On October 27, a tropical depression formed and headed northwest, gradually re-curving north. It intensified into a 40mph (65km/h) tropical storm on October 28. Selma maintained that strength until the next day, when it weakened to a depression. Selma's re-curving continued, and on October 29, it again intensified into a 40mph (65km/h) tropical storm. Without further strengthening, it weakened into a tropical depression, headed north northeast, and dissipated on October 31 about 880mi (1,415km) east of the southern tip of Baja California.[3]
Tropical depressions
On June 10, a weak tropical depression, the second of the season, developed. It moved very little and did not affect land. It dissipated on 1200 UTC June 12.[5] The season's next tropical cyclone, Tropical Depression Three formed six days after the previous one dissipated. Moving west-northwest, it peaked at 35mph (55km/h). On June 20, it dissipated.[5]
Tropical Depression Six developed on July 13 about 900mi (1,400km) southwest of Cabo San Lucas. The depression had same peak intensity as Three and had dissipated on July 17.[5] According to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, on July18 a tropical depression formed east of the International Date Line, and two days later it exited CPHC's area of responsibility;[42] however, this storm was not included into CPHC database.[3] As it entered into western Pacific, it strengthened as a tropical storm and received the name Wynne.[43] The final tropical cyclone developed at 1800 UTC November 24 around 1,000mi (1,600km) southwest of Baja California Sur. A very weak cyclone, the depression dissipated on November 25, ending the above-average season.[5]
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Pacific Ocean east of 140°W in 1987.[44] This is essentially the same list used for the 1981 season, though the rotating lists went only to the "W" name at the time.[45] Storms were named Pilar and Ramon for the first time in 1987; the name Selma had been used previously used in the old four-year lists.[46]
For storms that form in the North Pacific from 140°W to the International Date Line, the names come from a series of four rotating lists. Names are used one after the other without regard to year, and when the bottom of one list is reached, the next named storm receives the name at the top of the next list.[44] Two named storms, listed below, formed in the central North Pacific in 1987. Named storms in the table above that crossed (or their remnants) into the area during the year are noted (*).[4]
The 2004 Pacific hurricane season was an overall below-average Pacific hurricane season in which there were 12 named tropical storms, all of which formed in the eastern Pacific basin. Of these, 6 became hurricanes, and 3 of those intensified into major hurricanes. No storms made landfall in 2004, the first such occurrence since 1991. In addition to the season's 12 named storms, there were five tropical depressions that did not reach tropical storm status. One of them, Sixteen-E, made landfall in northwestern Sinaloa. The season officially began on May 15 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1 in the central Pacific basin. It officially ended in both basins on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period during each year when most tropical cyclones form in each respective basin. These dates conventionally delimit the period during each year when a majority of tropical cyclones form. The season was reflected by an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index of 71 units.
The 2005 Pacific hurricane season was a near-average Pacific hurricane season which produced fifteen named storms, seven hurricanes and two major hurricanes. It was also the second consecutive season in which no tropical cyclone of at least tropical storm intensity made landfall. The season officially began on May 15 in the East Pacific Ocean, and on June 1 in the Central Pacific; they ended on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Pacific basin. However, the formation of tropical cyclones is possible at any time of the year.
The 2000 Pacific hurricane season was an above-average Pacific hurricane season, although most of the storms were weak and short-lived. There were few notable storms this year. Tropical storms Miriam, Norman, and Rosa all made landfall in Mexico with minimal impact. Hurricane Daniel briefly threatened the U.S. state of Hawaii while weakening. Hurricane Carlotta was the strongest storm of the year and the second-strongest June hurricane in recorded history. Carlotta killed 18 people when it sank a freighter. Overall, the season was significantly more active than the previous season, with 19 tropical storms. In addition, six hurricanes developed. Furthermore, there were total of two major hurricanes.
The 1999 Pacific hurricane season was one of the least active Pacific hurricane seasons on record. The season officially began on May 15 in the Eastern Pacific, and on June 1 in the Central Pacific; in both basins, it ended on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period during which most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The first tropical cyclone of the season, Hurricane Adrian, developed on June 18, while the final storm of the season, Tropical Storm Irwin, dissipated on October 11. No storms developed in the Central Pacific during the season. However, two storms from the Eastern Pacific, Dora and Eugene, entered the basin, with the former entering as a hurricane and becoming the second farthest travelling Pacific hurricane on record.
The 1993 Pacific hurricane season included more than double the average number of major hurricanes – Category 3 or stronger cyclones on the Saffir–Simpson scale. This activity was the result of an El Niño event, which is the main factor contributing to above-average activity across the Pacific basin. The season featured 15 named storms, 11 hurricanes, and 9 major hurricanes. While the number of named storms was near the long-term average, the number of hurricanes was above the average of 8, and the number of major hurricanes far exceeded the long-term average of 4. Seasonal activity began on May 17 and ended on November 8, within the confines of a traditional hurricane season which begins on May 15 in the East Pacific and June 1 in the Central Pacific. The season ends on November 30 in both basins. These dates conventionally delimit the period during each year when most tropical cyclones form.
The 1986 Pacific hurricane season featured several tropical cyclones that contributed to significant flooding to the Central United States. The hurricane season officially started May 15, 1986, in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1986 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1986 in both regions. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. A total of 17 named storms and 9 hurricanes developed during the season; this is slightly above the averages of 15 named storms and 8 hurricanes, respectively. In addition, 26 tropical depressions formed in the eastern Pacific during 1986, which, at the time, was the second most ever recorded; only the 1982 Pacific hurricane season saw a higher total.
The 1985 Pacific hurricane season is the third-most active Pacific hurricane season on record. It officially started on May 15, 1985, in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 1985, in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1985. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. At the time, the 1985 season was the most active on record in the eastern north Pacific, with 28 tropical cyclones forming. Of those, 24 were named, 13 reached hurricane intensity, and 8 became major hurricanes by attaining Category 3 status or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale. At that time, the 24 named storms was a record; however, this record was broken seven years later in 1992, and was therefore recognized as the second busiest season within the basin, until it was surpassed exactly thirty years later by the 2015 season.
The 1984 Pacific hurricane season featured numerous tropical cyclones, several of which were impactful to land. It was a busy hurricane season with 21 named storms, 13 hurricanes, and 7 major hurricanes, the latter of which are Category 3 or stronger cyclones on the Saffir–Simpson scale. This activity was unusual given the presence of a La Niña, which typically suppresses Central and East Pacific tropical cyclone activity, and only average sea surface temperatures. Seasonal activity began on May 17 and ended on November 8. This lies within the confines of a traditional hurricane season which begins on May 15 in the East Pacific and June 1 in the Central Pacific, and ends on November 30 in both basins. These dates conventionally delimit the period during each year when most tropical cyclones form.
The 1981 Pacific hurricane season was a slightly below average Pacific hurricane season. The season officially started on May 15 in the eastern Pacific basin and June 1 in the central Pacific basin. Both basins' seasons ended on November 30; these dates conventionally delimit the period during which most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The first tropical cyclone of the season was designated on May 30, and the final storm of the season, Hurricane Otis, dissipated on October 30. The season produced fifteen named storms and a total of eight hurricanes, which was near normal. However, the total of one major hurricane was below the average of three.
The 1977 Pacific hurricane season stands alongside 2010 as the least active Pacific hurricane season since reliable records began in 1971. Only eight tropical storms formed throughout the year; four further intensified into hurricanes, yet none strengthened into major hurricanes—a Category 3 or stronger on the Saffir–Simpson scale—an occurrence not seen again until 2003. Most tropical cyclones remained over the open eastern Pacific; however, the remnants of hurricanes Doreen and Heather led to heavy rainfall which damaged or destroyed structures and flooded roadways throughout the Southwest United States. Notably, Hurricane Anita which originally formed in the Gulf of Mexico made the rare trek across Mexico into the eastern Pacific, briefly existing as a tropical depression. Eight deaths were recorded while damage reached $39.6 million.
The 1979 Pacific hurricane season was an inactive North Pacific hurricane season, featuring 10 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes. All tropical cyclone activity this season was confined to the Eastern Pacific, east of 140°W. For the first time since 1977, no tropical cyclones formed in, or entered into the Central Pacific, between 140°W and the International Date Line.
The 1976 Pacific hurricane season was a very deadly and costly season. Hurricanes Kathleen, Liza, and Madeline were the most notable storms this year. Hurricane Kathleen caused death and destruction in California and Arizona due to flooding. Hurricane Liza was the deadliest storm of the season when it killed over 600 people in Mexico. Hurricane Madeline is notable for being one of the most intense Pacific hurricanes at landfall.
The 1975 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1975, in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1975, in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1975. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeast Pacific Ocean.
The 1987 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season, though it featured a relatively high amount of typhoons. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1987, but most tropical cyclones formed between May and November. Tropical storms that formed in the entire basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 1978 Pacific hurricane season was the first Pacific hurricane season to use both masculine and feminine names for tropical cyclones. It also began the modern practice of utilizing naming lists every six years. Despite lacking an El Niño, a common driver of enhanced activity in the East and Central Pacific basins, the 1978 season was active. It featured 19 named storms, 14 hurricanes, and 7 major hurricanes, the latter of which are Category 3 or stronger cyclones on the Saffir–Simpson scale. Within the confines of the Central Pacific basin, located between the International Date Line and 140°W, 13 tropical cyclones or their remnants were observed by forecasters at the Central Pacific Hurricane Center, a record number of occurrences at the time. Seasonal activity began on May 30 and ended on October 21, within the limits of a traditional hurricane season which begins on May 15 in the East Pacific and June 1 in the Central Pacific. The season ends on November 30 in both basins. These dates conventionally delimit the period during each year when most tropical cyclones form.
The 1968 Pacific hurricane season ties the record for having the most active August in terms of tropical storms. It officially started on May 15, 1968, in the eastern Pacific and June 1 in the central Pacific and lasted until November 30, 1968. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
The 2011 Pacific hurricane season was a below average season in terms of named storms, although it had an above average number of hurricanes and major hurricanes. During the season, 13 tropical depressions formed along with 11 tropical storms, 10 hurricanes and 6 major hurricanes. The season officially began on May 15 in the East Pacific Ocean, and on June 1 in the Central Pacific; they both ended on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Pacific basin. The season's first cyclone, Hurricane Adrian formed on June 7, and the last, Hurricane Kenneth, dissipated on November 25.
The 2012 Pacific hurricane season was an above-average year in which seventeen named storms formed. The hurricane season officially began on May 15 in the east Pacific—defined as the region east of 140°W—and on June 1 in the central Pacific—defined as the region west of 140°W to the International Date Line—and ended on November 30 in both regions. These dates conventionally delimit the period during each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. This year, the first storm of the season, Tropical Storm Aletta, formed on May 14, and the last, Tropical Storm Rosa, dissipated on November 3.
The 2019 Pacific hurricane season was an above average season which produced nineteen named storms, most of which were rather weak and short-lived. Only seven hurricanes formed, the fewest since 2010. The season officially began on May 15 in the East Pacific Ocean, and on June 1 in the Central Pacific; they both ended on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Pacific basin. This season was one of the latest-starting Pacific hurricane seasons on record, with the first tropical cyclone, Hurricane Alvin, forming on June 25. The final system, Tropical Depression Twenty-One-E, dissipated on November 18.
The 2020 Pacific hurricane season was a near average Pacific hurricane season in terms of named storms, featuring 17, but well below average season for hurricanes and major hurricanes, with only 4 hurricanes and 3 major hurricanes forming. Additionally, no tropical cyclones formed in the Central Pacific basin for the first time since 2017. The season officially began on May 15 in the East Pacific Ocean, and on June 1 in the Central Pacific (from 140°W to the International Date Line, north of the equator; they both ended on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the respective regions. However, the formation of tropical cyclones is possible at any time of the year, as illustrated in 2020 by the formation of the season's first system, Tropical Depression One-E, on April 25. This was the earliest formation of a tropical cyclone on record in the eastern Pacific basin proper. The final system of the season was Tropical Storm Polo, which dissipated on November 19.
References
↑ Dorst Neal. "When is hurricane season?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. Retrieved November 25, 2010.
↑ "Cold on the Plains, Snow on Vermont". United Press International. October 13, 1987.
↑ "San Jose Mercury News (CA) – October 13, 1987 – 8B California News Record San Diego Area Rains Help Control Big Brush Fire". San Jose Mercury news. October 13, 1987.
↑ "Domestic News". Associated Press. October 13, 1987.
↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center; Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center (1988). Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1987(PDF) (Report). United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original(PDF) on February 21, 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
1 2 National Hurricane Operations Plan(PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. April 1987. pp.3-4, 9–10. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
↑ National Hurricane Operations Plan(PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. May 1981. p.3-7. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
↑ National Hurricane Operations Plan(PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. April 1992. p.3-7. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
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