2000 Houston Astros season

Last updated

2000  Houston Astros
League National League
Division Central
Ballpark Enron Field
City Houston, Texas
Record72–90 (.444)
Divisional place4th
Owners Drayton McLane, Jr.
General managers Gerry Hunsicker
Managers Larry Dierker
Television KNWS-TV
FSN Southwest
(Bill Brown, Jim Deshaies, Bill Worrell)
Radio KTRH
(Milo Hamilton, Alan Ashby)
KXYZ
(Francisco Ernesto Ruiz, Alex Treviño)
←  1999 Seasons 2001  →

The 2000 Houston Astros season was the 39th season for the Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise located in Houston, Texas, their 36th as the Astros, 39th in the National League (NL), seventh in the NL Central division, and first at Enron Field, later christened as Minute Maid Park. The Astros entered the season as three-time defending NL Central champions with a 97–65 record in their final season at The Astrodome. However, their season ended in a 3-games-to-1 defeat by the Atlanta Braves in the 1999 National League Division Series (NLDS), also the NL pennant winners.

Contents

The season commenced for the Astros on April 4 at Three Rivers Stadium, where pitcher Shane Reynolds made his fifth of five consecutive Opening Day starts for the Astros, who defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates, 5–2. The Astros hosted the Philadelphia Phillies on April 7 for the first regular season game played at Enron Field, but lost, 4–1. In the amateur draft, their first round selection was right-handed pitcher Robert Stiehl, at 27th overall, and in the second round, right-hander Chad Qualls.

Reynolds also represented the Astros at the MLB All-Star Game and played for the National League, his only career selection. On August 19, first baseman Jeff Bagwell connected for his 300th home run, becoming the 87th major leaguer to reach the milestone.

With a 72–90 finish in fourth place and 23 games behind the division-champion St. Louis Cardinals, it ended eight consecutive seasons with a record of .500 or better, and seven consecutive winning seasons, both the longest runs in franchise history. Between 1992 and 2008, Houston's only other regular season record below .500 occurred in 2007.

In spite of the downturn of 25 wins from the season prior, a number franchise records records fell during the inaugural season of Enron Field, including both in runs scored (938) and runs allowed (944), home runs hit (249) and attendance, among others. For the first time in Astros history, fans surpassed 3 million in attendance at 3.056,139, and the team exceeded the 900-run threshold in either category. The 249 home runs hit also established an NL record, which stood until 2019, when it was eclipsed by the Los Angeles Dodgers.

Offseason

Regular season

Summary

March—April

In accordance with the manner that the Astros opened play for the first time at the Astrodome in 1965, they hosted the New York Yankees in an exhibition contest for the inaugural game at Enron Field on March 30, 2000, with over 40,000 fans in attendance. Hall of Famer Nolan Ryan threw out the ceremonial first pitch, while Dwight Gooden, who made his major league debut at the Astrodome as a New York Met, was the starting pitcher for Houston. Roger Clemens, a future Astro, was the starting pitcher for New York. In the bottom of the first inning, Jeff Bagwell singled for the first hit at the stadium. Gooden lasted 5 innings for Houston. Ricky Ledee, who pinch hit for Clemens, hit the first home run at Enron. The Astros won, 6–5, as closer Billy Wagner registered two strikeouts for the save. [4]

Two years later, with the corporation Enron embroiled in legal controversy, bankruptcy and eventual collapse, the Astros bought out their contract with Enron for $2.1 million. Minute Maid, headquartered in nearby Sugar Land, purchased the naming rights to the stadium during the 2002 season. [4]

During regular season Opening Day at Three Rivers Stadium on April 4, center fielder Richard Hidalgo connected for the first grand slam on an Opening Day in franchise history to cap a 5–2 victory over the Pittsburgh Pirates. Hidalgo connected for the historic drive in the seventh off Pittsburgh's Opening Day starter, Jason Schmidt. Astros hitters also coaxed six bases on balls from Schmidt (0–1) as he surrendered each of the five Astros runs, who were all driven in by Hidalgo. Meanwhile Astros starter Shane Reynolds (1–0) tossed seven strong innings to earn the win in his fifth consecutive Opening Day start. Doug Henry followed and pitched a shutout eighth to earn the hold, and Wagner recorded his first official save of the season with a scoreless ninth. [5] [6]

Reynolds' five Opening Day starts tied him with J. R. Richard and Mike Scott for most by an Astros pitcher, until the record was broken by Roy Oswalt, who logged eight consecutive (2003—2010).

The Astros hosted the Philadelphia Phillies on April 7 for the first regular season game at Enron Field and 2000 home opener. Octavio Dotel was the starting pitcher for the Astros, while the Phillies countered with Randy Wolf. Phillies center fielder Doug Glanville collected both of the first at bat and first hit in regular season play at Enron Field, while Scott Rolen connected in the top of the seventh off Dotel for the first home run. [7] Second baseman Craig Biggio led off the bottom half of the first with a single to center field for the Astros' first regular season base hit in their new stadium, and in the seventh, Hidalgo connected off Wolf for the first Astros home run at Enron. Philadelphia won, 4–1. Wolf (1–0) was the winning pitcher while Dotel (0–1) took the loss. [8]

June—July

The Astros hit five home runs on June 14 to power an 8–4 win over the Colorado Rockies, including back-to-back-to-back home runs from Moisés Alou, Hidalgo, and Tony Eusebio. It was Alou's second of the evening. Meanwhile, Bagwell also homered. [9]

Starting July 9, Eusebio authored a 24-game hitting streak to set a club record, surpassing the record of 23-games shared by Art Howe in 1981 and by Luis Gonzalez in 1997. However, Eusebio's streak was unusual in that, as a backup catcher and pinch hitter it spanned 54 days, ending on August 28. The fifth longest by a catcher since 1900, he batted .409 during the streak, raising his on-base plus slugging percentage (OPS) from .643 to .809. It stood as the Astros' club record until 2004 when it was broken by Jeff Kent. [10]

Reynolds, an Astros' five-time Opening Day starter, received his only career MLB All-Star selection, held at Turner Field, and was also the Astros' lone representative. He had already turned in a number of quality seasons, including 70–53 W–L with a 3.73 earned run average (ERA) over the previous five years while leading the pitching staff on three NL Central division title winners. In 2000, the batting order featured multiple viable candidates with copious offensive output; however, only Reynolds gained selection. As of the All-Star break, he was 6–6 with a 4.59 ERA; meanwhile, the Astros were 30–57 (.345) and 21 games behind in the division. [11] However, a second Astro missed the opportunity to join Reynolds as an All-Star: After being struck on the head by an errant fastball from Clemens on July 8, Mike Piazza had to forego the contest, and, to replace him, NL manager Bobby Cox sought Astros' rookie catcher Mitch Meluskey. However, Cox was unable to contact Meluskey, who was vacationing on South Padre Island; instead, he chose the Cubs' Joe Girardi to replace Piazza. [12]

On July 23, Bill Spiers' signature game powered a 15–7 rout of the St. Louis Cardinals. Spiers collected six RBI with two of the Astros' six homers—the first for two runs in the second inning and his third career grand slam in the seventh. The six home runs tied the club record. Cardinals starter Andy Benes, who surrendered four of the longballs, became just the 17th major leaguer to do so one game. [13]

August

While sliding into second base on August 1 attempting to break up a double play, Biggio collided with Preston Wilson of the Florida Marlins, and left the game with a severe knee injury. Imaging later revealed tears of both the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments of the left knee, forcing him to miss the rest of the season. For Houston, Scott Elarton pitched 8+1⁄3 solid innings, and Alou drove in Biggio prior to the injury, and Bagwell, for the game-winning RBIs and 4–3 final. [14]

On August 14 at Philadelphia, Bagwell homered twice and tied a club record with seven runs batted in (RBI) in a 14–7 win, shared by Rafael Ramírez and Pete Incaviglia (1992). Alou also homered twice, and Hidalgo and Chris Truby also went deep for Houston, who matched the club record with six home runs. This was also the third time of the season the Astros had six home runs in one game. [15]

Bagwell again homered twice on August 19 against the Milwaukee Brewers for the 299th and 300th of his career; the second home run broke an eighth-inning tie to give Houston a 10–8 win. He joined Hank Aaron, Joe DiMaggio, Frank Robinson and Ted Williams as the fifth player in major league history to record 300 home runs, 1,000 RBI and 1,000 runs scored within his first ten seasons. [16] Bagwell became the 87th player to reach the 300-home run plateau. [17]

September—October

In each contest from September 3–12, Hidalgo connected for an extra-base hit, resulting in 10 consecutive to establish a franchise record. He hit 9 doubles, 1 triple, 5 home runs and 17 RBI, with a slash line of .512 / .511 / 1.146 / 1.657. [18] During a 13–10 win over the Chicago Cubs on September 8, Julio Lugo set a club record by going 5-for-5 at the plate over 9 innings. [19] For the week ended September 10, Hidalgo and Lugo were recognized with co-NL Player of the Week Awards. [20] Over 7 games, Lugo batted .563 / .588 / 1.000, including 18-for-32, three doubles, three home runs, and 8 RBI. He scored 12 runs and stroked 6 multi-hit games to lead Houston to season-high 6-game winning streak. Hidalgo batted .483, 14-for-29, five doubles, four home runs and 11 runs scored. [19]

Hidalgo's franchise-record extra-base hit streak of 10 games was later matched on August 10, 2017, by Alex Bregman. [21] [22] Just days after the streak ended, starting September 15, Hidalgo began another similar streak which lasted 7 consecutive games, with 2 doubles and 6 home runs, slashing .586 / .625 / 1.276 / 1.901. [18] On September 19, he hit his 40th home run of the season off Cardinals starter Pat Hentgen. [23]

Hidalgo concluded the season carrying a 14-game hitting streak, during which he hit .509, 27-for-53, with six homers and 13 RBI. He capped a breakout season with an outstanding September, including hitting safely in 28 of 29 games during the month and logging 102 total bases. Other totals included batting .476 (49-for-103) with 11 homers and 31 RBI. He led the NL with 49 hits, a .971 slugging percentage, .533 on-base percentage, 36 runs scored and 14 doubles. [23] Further, his batting average ranked among the very highest over any calendar month in major league history and established the Astros franchise record, which stood until Jose Altuve (.485) surpassed this in July 2017. [24] Hence, Hidalgo was recognized with his first career NL Player of the Month Award. [23]

The Astros improved their results following the All-Star break, with a record of 42–33 (.560). [25]

Performance overview

Bagwell hit 47 home runs and scored 152 runs to establish Astros club records. [17] Also leading the major leagues in runs scored, it was the highest total in a season since Lou Gehrig in 1936, [26] and with 295 runs total from 1999–2000 established a National League two-season record. [27]

At the time, Hidalgo had joined Bagwell as the only players in franchise history to have hit 40 home runs in a single season, and third Venezuelan-born player to reach this milestone, following Tony Armas Sr., and Andrés Galarraga. Hidalgo also became the fourth player in franchise history who posted a single season of at least each of 30 homers, 100 runs scored, and 100 RBI. [23]

Alou posted a .355 batting average, second-highest all-time in franchise history, trailing only Bagwell's .368 average in 1994. [28]

The Astros concluded the regular season at 72–90, in fourth place in the NL Central and 23 games behind the division-champion St. Louis. It was the Astros' first losing season and furthest behind first place that they had finished since 1991, when were 29 games behind, ending eight consecutive seasons with a record of .500 or better, and seven consecutive winning seasons. Both of those streaks were the longest runs in franchise history. Prior to 2000, Houston had also finished in first or second place in the NL Central division each year since 1994, its inaugural season, also a franchise record. Between 1992 and 2008, Houston's only other regular season record below .500 occurred in 2007, marking one of the most successful periods in franchise history. [29]

Despite finishing 18 games below .500, the Astros also set club records with 249 home runs, 938 runs scored, and 944 runs allowed. In their first season at Enron Field, the Astros drew 3 million fans for the first time in franchise history, with a total of 3.056,139. [17] They also set the all-time NL record for most home runs hit by one team during the regular season, [30] which stood until 2019 when surpassed by the Los Angeles Dodgers. [31] The 2000 season was also the first time in franchise history that the club had crossed the 900-run threshold, accomplished by both the pitching staff and offense. [29]

Season standings

NL Central
Team W L Pct. GB Home Road
St. Louis Cardinals 9567.586—50‍–‍3145‍–‍36
Cincinnati Reds 8577.5251043‍–‍3842‍–‍39
Milwaukee Brewers 7389.4512242‍–‍3931‍–‍50
Houston Astros 7290.4442339‍–‍4233‍–‍48
Pittsburgh Pirates 6993.4262637‍–‍4432‍–‍49
Chicago Cubs 6597.4013038‍–‍4327‍–‍54

Record vs. opponents

2000 National League record

Source: NL Standings Head-to-Head

TeamAZATLCHCCINCOLFLAHOULADMILMTLNYMPHIPITSDSFSTLAL
Arizona —3–65–42–57–64–56–17–64–54–52–78–17–29–46–75–46–9
Atlanta 6–3—4–52–55–46–65–47–26–36–77–68–55–28–16–33–411–7
Chicago 4–55–4—4–84–51–65–73–66–74–52–56–33–93–54–53–108–7
Cincinnati 5–25–28–4—6–33–67–54–55–8–16–35–43–47–64–53–67–67–8
Colorado 6–74–55–43–6—4–55–44–94–57–23–66–37–27–66–75–36–6
Florida 5–46–66–16–35–4—3–52–73–47–66–69–45–42–73–63–68–9
Houston 1–64–57–55–74–55–3—3–67–64–52–55–410–32–71–86–66–9
Los Angeles 6–72–76–35–49–47–26–3—3–45–34–55–44–58–57–53–66–9
Milwaukee 5–43–67–68–5–15–44–36–74–3—4–52–72–57–52–73–65–76–9
Montreal 5–47–65–43–62–76–75–43–55–4—3–95–73–43–63–62–57–11
New York 7–26–75–24–56–36–65–25–47–29–3—6–77–23–63–56–39–9
Philadelphia 1–85–83–64–33–64–94–54–55–27–57–6—3–62–52–72–79–9
Pittsburgh 2–72–59–36–72–74–53–105–45–74–32–76–3—7–22–64–86–9
San Diego 4–91–85–35–46–77–27–25–87–26–36–35–22–7—5–70–95–10
San Francisco 7–63–65–46–37–66–38–15–76–36–35–37–26–27–5—5–48–7
St. Louis 4–54–310–36–73–56–36–66–37–55–23–67–28–49–04–5—7–8

Notable transactions

Roster

2000 Houston Astros
Roster
PitchersCatchers

Infielders

Outfielders

Other batters

Manager

Coaches

Game log

Regular season

Legend
 Astros win
 Astros loss
 Postponement
 Eliminated from playoff race
BoldAstros team member
2000 regular season game log: 72–90 (Home: 39–42; Away: 33–48) [33]
April: 9–14 (Home: 3–9; Away: 6–5)
#DateTime (CT)OpponentScoreWinLossSaveTime of GameAttendanceRecordBox/
Streak
May: 10–19 (Home: 7–6; Away: 3–13)
#DateTime (CT)OpponentScoreWinLossSaveTime of GameAttendanceRecordBox/
Streak
June: 8–19 (Home: 3–9; Away: 5–10)
#DateTime (CT)OpponentScoreWinLossSaveTime of GameAttendanceRecordBox/
Streak
July: 12–14 (Home: 5–6; Away: 7–8)
#DateTime (CT)OpponentScoreWinLossSaveTime of GameAttendanceRecordBox/
Streak
—July 117:35 p.m. CDT 71st All-Star Game in Atlanta, GA
August: 16–12 (Home: 10–6; Away: 6–6)
#DateTime (CT)OpponentScoreWinLossSaveTime of GameAttendanceRecordBox/
Streak
September: 16–12 (Home: 10–5; Away: 6–7)
#DateTime (CT)OpponentScoreWinLossSaveTime of GameAttendanceRecordBox/
Streak
October: 1–0 (Home: 1–0; Away: 0–0)
#DateTime (CT)OpponentScoreWinLossSaveTime of GameAttendanceRecordBox/
Streak

Detailed records

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position

Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

PosPlayerGABHAvg.HRRBI
C Mitch Meluskey 117337101.3001469
1B Jeff Bagwell 159590183.31047132
2B Craig Biggio 101377101.268835
SS Tim Bogar 11030463.207733
3B Chris Truby 7825867.2601159
LF Daryle Ward 11926468.2582047
CF Richard Hidalgo 153558175.31444122
RF Moisés Alou 126454161.35530114

Other batters

Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

PlayerGABHAvg.HRRBI
Julio Lugo 116420119.2831040
Bill Spiers 124355107.301343
Lance Berkman 114353105.2972167
Roger Cedeño 7425973.282626
Tony Eusebio 7421861.280733
Ken Caminiti 5920863.3031545
Matt Mieske 628114.17315
Glen Barker 846715.22426
Russ Johnson 26458.17803
Raúl Chávez 144311.25615
Keith Ginter 582.25013
Tripp Cromer 981.12500
Morgan Ensberg 472.28600
Frank Charles 473.42902
Eddie Zosky 440.00000
Paul Bako 120.00000

Pitching

Starting pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

PlayerGIPWLERASO
Chris Holt 34207.08165.35136
José Lima 33196.17166.65124
Scott Elarton 30192.21774.81131
Shane Reynolds 22131.0785.2293
Wade Miller 16105.0665.1489
Tony McKnight 635.0413.8623
Dwight Gooden 14.0009.001

Other pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

PlayerGIPWLERASO
Octavio Dotel 50125.0375.40142
Brian Powell 931.1215.7414
Kip Gross 24.10110.383

Dotel was team leader in saves with 16.

Relief pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

PlayerGWLSVERASO
Joe Slusarski 542734.2154
Marc Valdes 535525.0835
José Cabrera 522325.9241
Doug Henry 451314.4246
Yorkis Pérez 332105.1621
Jay Powell 291105.6716
Billy Wagner 282466.1828
Wayne Franklin 250005.4821
Mike Maddux 212206.2617
Jason Green 141106.6219
Scott Linebrink 80004.666
Rusty Meacham 500011.573
Tim Bogar 20004.501

Awards and honors

NL records established
Awards

Minor league system

LevelTeamLeagueManager
AAA New Orleans Zephyrs Pacific Coast League Tony Peña
AA Round Rock Express Texas League Jackie Moore
A Kissimmee Cobras Florida State League Manny Acta
A Michigan Battle Cats Midwest League Al Pedrique
A-Short Season Auburn Doubledays New York–Penn League John Massarelli
Rookie Martinsville Astros Appalachian League Brad Wellman

LEAGUE CHAMPIONS: Round Rock, Michigan

Awards

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Johan Santana stats, height, weight, rookie status & more". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  2. ↑ "Mets get Hampton, Bell from Astros in blockbuster". ESPN.com . Associated Press. December 23, 1999. Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  3. 1 2 "Dwight Gooden stats, height, weight, rookie status & more". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  4. 1 2 Hlavaty, Craig (March 30, 2018). "18 years ago this week Minute Maid Park opened for business". Houston Chronicle . Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  5. ↑ "Grand Opening for Hidalgo, Astros". The Washington Post . Associated Press. April 5, 2000. Retrieved September 1, 2025.
  6. ↑ "Houston Astros (5) vs Pittsburgh Pirates (2) box score". Baseball-Reference.com. April 4, 2000. Retrieved September 1, 2025.
  7. ↑ Malcom, Thomas (March 29, 2025). "Epic games and 3,000 hits: The moments that have defined Daikin Park". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  8. ↑ "Philadelphia Phillies (4) vs Houston Astros (1) box score". Baseball-Reference.com. April 7, 2000. Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  9. ↑ Schwartzberg, Seth (June 14, 2025). "Today in Astros history - June 14". The Crawfish Boxes. SB Nation . Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  10. ↑ Clack (May 8, 2012). "Astros History: A 30-game hitting streak in 2006". The Crawfish Boxes. SB Nation. Retrieved August 26, 2025.
  11. 1 2 Postins, Matthew (July 10, 2025). "Astros' most forgettable All-Star had quality decade-long career". Sports Illustrated . Retrieved September 1, 2025.
  12. ↑ Greene, Jamal (December 19, 2000). "'M' is not for Mellow Mitch Meluskey, Houston's irascible catcher, is learning to curb his temper". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved September 1, 2025.
  13. ↑ "Houston 15, St. Louis 7". United Press International . July 23, 2000. Retrieved September 1, 2025.
  14. ↑ "Last-place Astros lose Biggio". CBS News . Associated Press. August 2, 2000. Retrieved September 2, 2025.
  15. ↑ "Bagwell cranks Astro lineup to full power". Los Angeles Times . Associated Press. August 14, 2000. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  16. ↑ "Jeff Bagwell Appreciation Day". houston.astros.mlb.com. April 6, 2007. Archived from the original on March 26, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  17. 1 2 3 "Astros history – Timeline". MLB.com . Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  18. 1 2 "Streaks with extra-base hits since 2000". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  19. 1 2 "Astros Lugo, Hidalgo NL co-Players". United Press International. September 11, 2000. Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  20. 1 2 "MLB Players of the Week Awards". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved August 9, 2025.
  21. ↑ Stats (August 9, 2017). "Hot-hitting Bregman leads Astros against White Sox". CBSSports.com . Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  22. ↑ Michelet, Kirk (August 10, 2017). "Alex Bregman extends extra base hit streak to 10 games". WAFB. Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  23. 1 2 3 4 "Richard Hidalgo stats, age, position, height, weight, position, fantatsy & news". MLB.com. Retrieved September 1, 2025.
  24. ↑ Fritz, Lainie (August 2, 2017). "Astros 2B Jose Altuve named AL Player of the Month; Yuli Gurriel named AL Rookie of the Month". KPRC-TV Houston. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
  25. ↑ "2000 Houston Astros schedule". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 1, 2025.
  26. ↑ "Player page: Jeff Bagwell". Roto World. December 15, 2006. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
  27. 1 2 "Treasures from Cooperstown coming to Capital region for Tri-City Valleycats game on Saturday". National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum (baseballhall.org). June 24, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
  28. ↑ Gleinser, Andrew (May 2, 2020). "Astros: Moisés Alou had underappreciated 2000 season". Climbing Tal's Hill. Retrieved September 1, 2025.
  29. 1 2 "Houston Astros team history & encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 19, 2025.
  30. ↑ "2000 Houston Astros statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  31. ↑ Castillo, Jorge (September 4, 2019). "Dodgers break National League record for home runs in season in win over Rockies". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 31, 2025.
  32. ↑ Tony Mounce at Baseball-Reference
  33. ↑ "2000 Houston Astros Schedule & Results". Baseball Reference . Retrieved May 6, 2025.
  34. ↑ Great Baseball Feats, Facts and Figures, 2008 Edition, p.380, David Nemec and Scott Flatow, A Signet Book, Penguin Group, New York, ISBN   978-0-451-22363-0
  35. ↑ "Houston Astros Player of the Year". The Baseball Cube. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
  36. ↑ "Baseball American 1st Team Minor League All-Star award history". The Baseball Cube. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
  37. ↑ "Double-A All-Star award history". The Baseball Cube. Retrieved August 24, 2025.
  38. ↑ "Houston Astros Minor League Player of the Year". The Baseball Cube. Retrieved August 21, 2025.
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