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Referendum L was a referendum in Colorado, USA in 2008, to lower the age requirement to participate in the Colorado State Legislature from 25 to 21. The measure was rejected by voters 53.7% to 46.3% on November 4, 2008. [1] [2] [3]
| Choice | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
 No | 1,162,296 | 53.48 |
| Yes | 1,010,896 | 46.52 |
| Total votes | 2,173,108 | 100.00 |
In the politics of the United States, the process of initiatives and referendums allow citizens of many U.S. states to place legislation on the ballot for a referendum or popular vote, either enacting new legislation, or voting down existing legislation. Citizens, or an organization, might start a popular initiative to gather a predetermined number of signatures to qualify the measure for the ballot. The measure is placed on the ballot for the referendum, or actual vote.
Prior to the Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), U.S. state constitutional amendments banning same-sex unions of several different types passed, banning legal recognition of same-sex unions in U.S. state constitutions, referred to by proponents as "defense of marriage amendments" or "marriage protection amendments." These state amendments are different from the proposed Federal Marriage Amendment, which would ban same-sex marriage in every U.S. state, and Section 2 of the Defense of Marriage Act, more commonly known as DOMA, which allowed the states not to recognize same-sex marriages from other states. The amendments define marriage as a union between one man and one woman and prevent civil unions or same-sex marriages from being legalized, though some of the amendments bar only the latter. The Obergefell decision in June 2015 invalidated these state constitutional amendments insofar as they prevented same-sex couples from marrying, even though the actual text of these amendments remain written into the state constitutions.
The National Popular Vote Interstate Compact (NPVIC) is an agreement among a group of U.S. states and the District of Columbia to award all their electoral votes to whichever presidential ticket wins the overall popular vote in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The compact is designed to ensure that the candidate who receives the most votes nationwide is elected president, and it would come into effect only when it would guarantee that outcome.
Colorado Referendum I was a proposed law that would have established domestic partnerships in the U.S. state of Colorado. The bill was passed by the Colorado General Assembly and was submitted to popular referendum during general elections on November 7, 2006.
In response to court action in a number of states, the United States federal government and a number of state legislatures passed or attempted to pass legislation either prohibiting or allowing same-sex marriage or other types of same-sex unions.
Wisconsin Referendum 1 of 2006 was a referendum on an amendment to the Wisconsin Constitution that would invalidate same-sex marriages or any substantially similar legal status. The referendum was approved by 59% of voters during the general elections in November 2006. All counties in the state voted for the amendment except Dane County, which opposed it. The constitutional amendment created by Referendum 1 has been effectively nullified since June 26, 2015, when the United States Supreme Court ruled in Obergefell v. Hodges that state-level bans on same-sex marriage are unconstitutional.
Kevin Lundberg is an American businessman and former legislator in the U.S. state of Colorado. Before his appointment to the State Senate in 2009 as a Republican, he was elected to serve as the Representative to House District 49 in the Colorado House of Representatives in 2003. He was appointed to the Colorado Senate in 2009, replacing Senator Steve Johnson after his resignation. He represented Senate District 15, which encompasses Berthoud, Estes Park, Laporte, Loveland, Red Feather Lakes and Wellington. In the 2015 legislative session he served as the Assistant Majority Leader for the Senate Republican caucus. From 2016 to early 2019, he served on the Joint Budget Committee and chaired the Senate Appropriations Committee.
John Michael Kefalas is a politician in the U.S. state of Colorado. An educator and lobbyist before first running for the legislature in 2004, Kefalas defeated a Republican incumbent to win election to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Democrat in 2006. Kefalas won election to the State Senate in 2012 and represented Senate District 14 until early 2019. In 2018, Kefalas ran for and won a seat on the Larimer County Board of County Commissioners. He resigned his Senate seat, and a vacancy committee nominated Joann Ginal to replace him.
Douglas Edward Bruce is an American conservative activist, attorney, convicted felon, and former legislator who served as a member of the Colorado House of Representatives from 2008 to 2009.
Amy Stephens is a Principal in Public Policy and Regulation Practice at Dentons, a multinational law firm; previously, she served as Colorado House Majority Leader and House Minority Caucus Chairman in the Colorado House of Representatives.
Claire Levy is a former legislator in the U.S. state of Colorado. Elected to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Democrat in 2006, Levy represented House District 13, which encompasses Clear Creek, Gilpin, and western Boulder counties. Levy was named the Executive Director of the Colorado Center on Law and Policy on November 1, 2013. The Colorado Center on Law and Policy is a Denver-based nonprofit organization working to advance the health, economic security and well-being of low-income Coloradans through research, education, advocacy and litigation.
Cherylin Naylor Peniston is a former legislator in the U.S. state of Colorado. A career public school teacher, Peniston was first elected as a Democrat in 2006 to the Colorado House of Representatives. She represented House District 35, which encompasses most of Westminster, Colorado and portions of Arvada. Term limited, she did not seek re-election in 2014.
Sara Elizabeth Gagliardi was a legislator in the U.S. state of Colorado. A career nurse, Gagliardi was first elected as a Democrat in 2006 to the Colorado House of Representatives. She represented House District 27, which encompasses most of Arvada, Colorado, until her defeat in the 2010 election by Republican Libby Szabo. During her time with the House of Representatives, Gagliardi served as vice-chair for two legislative committees and successfully carried 22 bills into law, predominantly on health care, state services and education, and state fiscal issues. Following the recall attempt and subsequent resignation of Senator Evie Hudak in November 2013, Gagliardi announced her intention to be appointed to the office by the Democratic vacancy committee. The committee ultimately appointed Rachel Zenzinger.
Kenneth Guy Summers is a retired Colorado legislator. Elected to the Colorado House of Representatives as a Republican in 2006, Summers represented House District 22, including southern Lakewood, Colorado and portions of Jefferson County from 2006 to 2012.
Dianne I. Primavera is an American politician who has been the 50th lieutenant governor of Colorado since 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served as the Colorado State Representative for the 33rd district from 2007 to 2011, and again from 2013 to 2017. Democratic gubernatorial nominee Jared Polis selected Primavera as his running mate, in the 2018 Colorado gubernatorial election.
The politics of Colorado, United States, are that of a blue state. Once considered a swing state that used to be Republican-leaning, Colorado has been trending Democratic since the early part of the 21st century due to the organization of the state Democratic Party, changing demographics, and a rising number of the large unaffiliated bloc of voters leaning Democratic. The growing shift of the state's Republican Party towards social and religious conservatism along with shifting further to the right has also been cited as reasons for the changing voting patterns of Colorado.
This local electoral calendar for 2014 lists the subnational elections held in 2014. Referendums, retention elections, and national by-elections are also included.
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