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 County results Ammons: <40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Parks: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Elections in Colorado |
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The 1912 Colorado gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1912. Democratic state Senator Elias M. Ammons defeated the Progressive, Republican and Socialist candidates future Senator Edward P. Costigan, Clifford C. Parks and Charles A. Ashelstrom with 42.91% of the vote.
In 1910, incumbent Democratic Governor John F. Shafroth had won reelection by a 51-43 margin against Republican State Senator John B. Stephen. Shafroth two terms in office were defined by his push for progressive reforms. He successfully passed direct primary, recall, home rule and labor control laws against strong opposition of the Democratic machine in Denver and Colorado corporations. [1] In 1912, Shafroth decided against running for another term. Instead, he successfully ran for United States Senator that year.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Republican party was divided into two main wings: the progressives (led by Theodore Roosevelt) and the conservatives (led by William Howard Taft). The rift between the two wings had deepened during the Taft's service as 27th President of the United States, prompting former President Roosevelt to run against the incumbent Taft for the Republican nomination in the 1912 United States Presidential Election. Taft won the nomination at the 1912 Republican National Convention in Chicago, causing Roosevelt to found the Progressive Party and run as a third-party candidate. In many other national and state elections in the year 1912, candidates ran against the Democratic and Republican nominees under Roosevelt's "Progressive" or "Bull Mouse" Banner.
In Colorado, Edward P. Costigan quickly emerged as the leader of the new Progressive Party and was chosen by the party to contest the gubernatorial race. [2]
State Senator Elias M. Ammons was able to win the Democratic primary on September 10, 1912 against former Attorney General Joseph H. Maupin and Colorado State Penitentiary Warden Thomas J. Tynan. Ammons had positioned himself as a moderate reformer, who strongly opposed Roosevelt's conservation policies. [2]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Elias M. Ammons | 29,349 | 45.10 | |
| Democratic | Thomas J. Tynan | 21,037 | 32.33 | |
| Democratic | Joseph H. Maupin | 14,686 | 22.57 | |
| Total votes | 65,072 | 100.0 | ||
Former State Auditor Clifford C. Parks was able to win the Republican primary on September 10, 1912 against attorney Philip B. Stewart. The Republican primary was shaped by the divide between "regular" Republicans which supported President Taft and "progressive" Republicans which supported former President Roosevelt. In July 1912, the progressive candidate Stewart had been asked by fellow Roosevelt supporters to leave the Republican Party and join the Progressive Party. He declined and instead ran as a Roosevelt supporter in the Republican primary. [4] Stewart lead the race in early returns which lead multiple newspaper to call him the apparent winner. [5] After all votes were counted, Clifford C. Parks was declared as the winner. Philip Stewart did not support the Republican ticket in the general election, [6] and ran as a Presidential elector for Teddy Roosevelt in the 1912 presidential election. [7]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Clifford C. Parks | 21,247 | 53.22 | |
| Republican | Philip B. Stewart | 18,676 | 46.78 | |
| Total votes | 39,923 | 100.0 | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Elias M. Ammons | 109,825 | 42.91% | |
| Progressive | Edward P. Costigan | 66,132 | 24.88% | |
| Republican | Clifford C. Parks | 63,061 | 23.73% | |
| Socialist | Charles A. Ashelstrom | 16,189 | 6.09% | |
| Prohibition | John Henry Ketchum | 5,900 | 2.22% | |
| Socialist Labour | Jonathan U. Billings | 460 | 0.17% | |
| Total votes | 261,567 | 100% | ||
Elias M. Ammons was sworn in as the 19th Governor of Colorado in Denver on January 14, 1913. In the 1912 Colorado House of Representatives and Colorado Senate elections the Democrats won a 48-17 and 24-11 majority in the 19th General Assembly, respectively. The Colorado State Government was therefore dominated by Democrats during Ammons' term from 1913 to 1915.
Ammons and the Democrats' legislative proposals would be overshadowed by the Colorado Coalfield War, which climaxed in the 1914 Ludlow Massacre. Ammons was the commander-in-chief of the Colorado National Guard, that caused the massacre by attacking the tent city called Ludlow Colony. The strike caused between 69 and 199 deaths. [10] [11] After the massacre, Governor Ammons was torn between the interests of the striking miners, which had political support by some Democrats like State Senator Helen Ring Robinson, [12] and the mine owners under the leadership of John D. Rockefeller Jr. and decided to request the deployment of federal troops to calm the violent clashes. [13] After massive criticism and nationwide outrage, Ammons decided to not run for reelection in the 1914 Colorado gubernatorial election and subsequently retired from public life.
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The 1912 Republican National Convention was held at the Chicago Coliseum, Chicago, Illinois, from June 18 to June 22, 1912. The party nominated President William H. Taft and Vice President James S. Sherman for re-election for the 1912 United States presidential election.
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John Franklin Shafroth was an American lawyer and politician who served as a representative, member of the United States Senate, and Governor of Colorado during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
United States gubernatorial elections were held on November 5, 2002, in 36 states and two territories. The Republicans won eight seats previously held by the Democrats, as well as the seat previously held by Minnesota governor Jesse Ventura, who was elected on the Reform Party ticket but had since renounced his party affiliation. The Democrats won 10 seats previously held by the Republicans, as well as the seat previously held by Maine governor Angus King, an independent. The elections were held concurrently with the other United States elections of 2002.
The 1914 New York state election was held on November 3, 1914, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the Secretary of State, the state comptroller, the attorney general, the state treasurer, the state engineer, a U.S. Senator and a judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate, and delegates-at-large to the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1915.
From January 23 to June 4, 1912, delegates to the 1912 Republican National Convention were selected through a series of primaries, caucuses, and conventions to determine the party's nominee for President in the 1912 election. Incumbent President William Howard Taft was chosen over former President Theodore Roosevelt. Taft's victory at the national convention precipitated a fissure in the Republican Party, with Roosevelt standing for the presidency as the candidate of an independent Progressive Party, and the election of Democrat Woodrow Wilson over the divided Republicans.
The following table indicates the party of elected officials in the U.S. state of Maine:
The 1912 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1912. Republican Party of Minnesota candidate Adolph Olson Eberhart defeated Democratic Party of Minnesota challenger Peter M. Ringdal.
The California Progressive Party, also named California Bull Moose, was a political party that flourished from 1912 to 1944 and lasted through the 1960s.
The 1914 United States Senate election in Colorado took place on November 3, 1914. It was the first direct U.S. Senate election in Colorado following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment. Incumbent U.S. Senator Charles S. Thomas, a Democrat, who was first elected by the state legislature to fill a vacancy in 1913, ran for re-election to a full term.
The 1924 United States Senate special election in Colorado took place on November 4, 1924, to fill the remainder of the term for which Samuel D. Nicholson was elected in 1920. Nicholson died in office on March 24, 1923, and Democratic Governor William Ellery Sweet appointed Alva B. Adams, a prominent Pueblo attorney, to fill the vacancy. Adams, however, declined to be a candidate in the special election, instead challenging incumbent Republican Senator Lawrence C. Phipps in the regular election the same year.
The 1930 United States Senate election in Colorado took place on November 4, 1930. Republican Senator Lawrence C. Phipps declined to run for re-election, resulting in an open race to replace him. Edward P. Costigan, one of the founding members of the Progressive Party in Colorado and a former member of the United States Tariff Commission, won the Democratic nomination and faced attorney George H. Shaw, the Republican nominee, in the general election. Aided by the nationwide Democratic landslide, Costigan handily defeated Shaw, becoming the first Democrat elected to the Senate from Colorado since 1914.
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The 1938 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1938. Republican nominee Ralph Lawrence Carr defeated Democratic incumbent Teller Ammons with 59.50% of the vote.
