"},"identification_symbol_3":{"wt":"[[File:564th Strategic Missile Squadron - SAC.png|145px]]"},"identification_symbol_3_label":{"wt":"Patcvh with 1959 564th Strategic Missile Squadron emblem{{efn|Approved 9 July 1959. Description:On an Air Force blue isosceles triangle one point up,edged Air Force golden yellow,eight diagonal stripes in [[shield (heraldry)|base]] alternating red and white;overall issuing from base [[pale (heraldry)|palewise]] a white missile pointing upward,markings shades of blue,its three exhaust trails to base,Air Force golden yellow and red;around the center of the missile a SAC ribbon (light blue,spattered with white stars);encircling the nose three white electrons in orbit;the lower edge of the Air Force blue field spattered with white tars;outlines and details Air Force blue throughout.}}{{sfn|Maurer|1982|pp=662-663}}"},"identification_symbol_4":{"wt":"[[File:564 Bombardment Sq emblem.png|150px]]"},"identification_symbol_4_label":{"wt":"564th Bombardment Squadron emblem{{sfn|Watkins|2008|pp=78-79}}"},"identification_symbol_5":{"wt":"'''YO'''"},"identification_symbol_5_label":{"wt":"World War II fuselage marking{{sfn|Watkins|2008|pp=78-79}}"}},"i":0}}]}" id="mwBw">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}
564th Missile Squadron | |
---|---|
Active | 1943-1945; 1947–1949; 1958–1964; 1966–2008 |
Country | United States |
Branch | United States Air Force |
Type | Squadron |
Role | Intercontinental ballistic missile |
Nickname(s) | Deuce [1] |
Engagements | European Theater of Operations |
Decorations | Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Outstanding Unit Award |
Insignia | |
564th Missile Squadron emblem [lower-alpha 1] [2] | |
Patch with 1967 564th Strategic Missile Squadron emblem [lower-alpha 2] [2] | |
Patcvh with 1959 564th Strategic Missile Squadron emblem [lower-alpha 3] [3] | |
564th Bombardment Squadron emblem [4] | |
World War II fuselage marking [4] | YO |
The 564th Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 341st Operations Group at Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana, where it was inactivated on 19 August 2008.
The squadron was first activated during World War II as the 564th Bombardment Squadron, when after training in the United States, it deployed to England and participated in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany. Shortly after its arrival in Europe, the squadron sent a detachment to Libya. From this location, the detachment participated in Operation Tidal Wave, the low level attack on oil refineries near Ploesti, for which the squadron was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation. Following V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States and was inactivated in September 1945. The squadron was active from 1947 to 1949 in the reserve, but does not appear to have been fully equipped or manned.
The squadron was reactivated in July 1958 as the 564th Strategic Missile Squadron. On 1 December 1958, it was the first Air Force intercontinental ballistic missile squadron to go on nuclear alert status. It was inactivated in 1964 with the phase out of the SM-65D Atlas missile.
On 1 April 1966, the 564th was reactivated with the LGM-30F Minuteman II missile, and in 1975 was upgraded to the LGM-30G Minuteman III. It was inactivated when the United States reduced its land based missile force.
The squadron was first activated as the 564th Bombardment Squadron in late December 1942 at Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona, one of the original four squadrons of the 389th Bombardment Group. A little over a month later, its cadre moved to Biggs Field, Texas, where it began training with the Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bomber. The squadron departed the United States for the European Theater of Operations in June 1943. The ground echelon proceeded to the New York Port of Embarkation and Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, sailing on the RMS Queen Elizabeth, reaching the United Kingdom on 6 July. The air echelon began ferrying their Liberators to Europe on 13 June after staging at Sioux City Army Air Base via the North Atlantic ferry route. [2] [5] [6]
By the time the ground echelon arrived at the squadron's combat station, RAF Hethel, the squadron had been called upon to reinforce Ninth Air Force in Africa and had begun its movement to Libya. The advanced echelon of the 389th Group had arrived at Hethel on 11 June and most of the air echelon was in place two weeks later. Personnel were transferred from the 44th and 93d Bombardment Groups to provide the squadron ground support in Libya. [7]
The squadron flew its first combat mission on 9 July 1943, with an attack on Maleme, Crete. It also flew missions to Sicily and other parts of Italy to support Operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily through the middle of July. During the later part of the month the squadron concentrated on training for low-level operations in preparation for the attack on the oil refineries around Ploesti, Romania. [8] Operation Tidal Wave was launched on 1 August 1943, with the squadron forming part of the last group formation to attack. The squadron headed for its target in Campina. This target was the most distant of the refineries being attacked and was assigned to the 389th Group because its B-24Ds were late production models and had a longer range than the planes of the other attacking groups. This refinery was totally destroyed in the attack. The squadron was awarded a Distinguished Unit Citation for this action. Before returning to England, the squadron participated in another long range attack on the Messerschmitt aircraft factory at Wiener Neustadt, Austria on 13 August, which reduced the production of Bf 109s at the factory by a third. The squadron returned to England in the last week of August. [5] [9]
The 564th flew its first combat mission from England on 7 September 1943, when it attacked an air base in the Netherlands. The squadron again deployed to Tunisia during September and October 1943 to support Operation Avalanche, the landings on the Italian mainland at Salerno, striking targets in Corsica, Italy, and Austria. after returning to England, the squadron concentrated on strategic bombing campaign against Germany, with targets including industrial areas of Berlin, oil production plants at Merseburg, and factories at Munster, and shipbuilding facilities at Vegesack. It struck V-1 flying bomb and V-2 rocket launch sites in the Pas de Calais and participated in the strikes against the German aircraft manufacturing industry during Big Week in late February 1944. [5]
The squadron was occasionally diverted from strategic targets to perform air support and interdiction missions. To support Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy, it hit airfields and artillery batteries. It struck enemy positions to support Operation Cobra, the breakout at Saint Lo. During the Battle of the Bulge, from December 1944 to January 1945, it attacked storage depots and communications centers. It supported Operation Varsity, the airborne assault across the Rhine by dropping food, ammunition, and other supplies to the ground troops. The squadron flew its last mission on 25 April 1945. [5] [6]
Following V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States. The first airplane left Hethel on 20 May 1945 and the ground echelon left England on the SS Cristobal on 30 May. The squadron reformed at Charleston Army Air Field, South Carolina in June for air transport missions, but was not fully manned before inactivating on 13 September 1945. [5] [6]
The squadron was activated in the reserve at Fairfax Field, Kansas, where it trained under the supervision of Air Defense Command (ADC)'s 4101st AAF Base Unit (Reserve Training) (later 2472d AF Reserve Training Center). It is not clear to what degree the squadron was staffed or equipped. [3] (no aircraft listed as assigned to the squadron from 1947 to 1949); AFHRA Factsheet (unknown what aircraft assigned). In 1948 Continental Air Command (ConAC) assumed responsibility for managing reserve and Air National Guard units from ADC. [10] President Truman's reduced 1949 defense budget required reductions in the number of units in the Air Force, [11] In addition, ConAC reorganized its reserve units under the wing base organization system in June 1949. The 564th was inactivated and the squadron's personnel and equipment were transferred to elements of the 442d Troop Carrier Wing, which became the reserve organization at Fairfax. [2] [12]
In October 1957, Secretary of Defense Charles E. Wilson established a goal of deployment of four SM-65 Atlas squadrons by 1962. The following month, Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming was announced as Strategic Air Command (SAC)'s first intercontinental ballistic missile base. Construction of the first Atlas launch facility at Warren began in June 1958. [13] The squadron was redesignated the 564th Strategic Missile Squadron and activated at Warren on 1 July 1958 and assigned to the 706th Strategic Missile Wing, [14] although it was not operational until late January 1959. [15]
Squadron missile sites were located at:
The squadron was assigned six Atlas D missiles. The missiles were located on six launch pads, controlled by two launch operations buildings and clustered around a central guidance control facility. [lower-alpha 6] The squadron would be the only Atlas unit deployed in this configuration [16] However, the Atlas missile itself was still under development and the first successful launch of an Atlas D missile from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida did not occur until 9 September 1959. The squadron received its first missile later that month, the first delivered to a field unit. [17] In April 1960, the coffin type launcher used by the squadron was successfully tested at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California and declared operationally ready. [18] The first Atlas D complex was turned over to the 564th and declared operational on 9 August 1960. [19] On 1 July 1961, the 389th Strategic Missile Wing replaced the 706th and took over its resources. [20]
In response to the Cuban Missile Crisis, on 20 October SAC directed that all Atlas D missiles off alert for modifications be "as covertly as possible" and returned to alert status. Atlas missiles being used for operational readiness training were to be put on alert as soon as liquid oxygen was available. For safety reasons, liquid nitrogen was used rather than liquid oxygen during training. [21] Despite the need for stealth, eventually a priority was established that resulted in the entire production of liquid oxygen in the US being diverted to SAC to bring the missiles to readiness. [22] From 3 November the number of alert missiles was reduced until on 29 November the number was the same as before the crisis. [23] Normal training had resumed on 15 November. [24]
In May 1963, the Air Force determined that all Atlas D missiles would be phased out of its inventory between 1965 and 1968. A year later, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara directed this program be accelerated and the first Atlas D missile left Warren on 26 May 1964. [25] with the retirement of the Atlas D, the squadron was inactivated on 1 September 1964. [2]
On 1 April 1966, the squadron was organized at Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana and assigned to the 341st Strategic Missile Wing. [2] It was the twentieth and last Minuteman squadron to be activated and was armed with the LGM-30F Minuteman II. [26] Construction of the squadron's launch facilities was completed in October. [27] On 21 April 1967, the squadron was declared operational by SAC and its last missiles were placed on alert the following month, completing the deployment of the Minuteman force. [28] The LGM-30F was the second Minuteman system deployed at Malmstrom, resulting in the squadron being nicknamed "Deuce." [1]
The squadrons Missile Alert Facilities (P-T flights, each controlling 10 missiles) are located as follows:
In January 1975, the fifty Minuteman II missiles of the squadron began to be replaced by LGM-30G Minuteman IIIs. Conversion to the upgraded version of the Minuteman was completed by July. [29] In September 1991, SAC implemented the Objective Wing organization and the squadron was assigned to the 341st Operations Group. [2] With the disestablishment of SAC in 1992, Air Force Space Command assumed responsibility for the intercontinental ballistic missile force.
The 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review determined to reduce the Minuteman II missile force from 500 to 450 missiles. [30] As a result, in 2007, the squadron's missiles were taken off alert and removed from their silos in a process that took thirteen months. The squadron was inactivated on 15 August 2008. [1] [31]
Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Distinguished Unit Citation | 1 August 1943 | Ploesti, Romania 564th Bombardment Squadron [2] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1975–30 June 1976 | 564th Strategic Missile Squadron [2] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1976–30 June 1977 | 564th Strategic Missile Squadron [2] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1978–30 June 1980 | 564th Strategic Missile Squadron [2] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1980–30 June 1981 | 564th Strategic Missile Squadron [2] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1988–30 June 1990 | 564th Strategic Missile Squadron [34] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1989–30 June 1991 | 564th Strategic Missile Squadron [2] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 September 1991-31 August 1993 | 564th Missile Squadron [2] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 September 1993-31 August 1994 | 564th Missile Squadron [34] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 September 1994-31 May 1995 | 564th Missile Squadron [34] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 October 1997-30 September 1999 | 564th Missile Squadron [34] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 October 2000-30 September 2002 | 564th Missile Squadron [34] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 October 2002-30 September 2004 | 564th Missile Squadron [34] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 October 2004-30 September 2006 | 564th Missile Squadron [34] |
Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Air Offensive, Europe | 16 June 1943 – 5 June 1944 | 564th Bombardment Squadron [2] | |
Air Combat, EAME Theater | 16 June 1943 – 11 May 1945 | 564th Bombardment Squadron [2] | |
Sicily | 3 July 1943 – 17 August 1943 | 564th Bombardment Squadron [2] | |
Naples-Foggia | 18 August 1943 – 3 October 1943 | 564th Bombardment Squadron [2] | |
Normandy | 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 | 564th Bombardment Squadron [2] | |
Northern France | 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 | 564th Bombardment Squadron [2] | |
Rhineland | 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 | 564th Bombardment Squadron [2] | |
Ardennes-Alsace | 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 | 564th Bombardment Squadron [2] | |
Central Europe | 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 | 564th Bombardment Squadron [2] | |
Malmstrom Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base in Cascade County, Montana, United States, adjacent to the city of Great Falls. It was named in honor of World War II POW Colonel Einar Axel Malmstrom. It is the home of the 341st Missile Wing of the Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC). For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Malmstrom Air Force Base as a census-designated place (CDP). It had a population of 3,472 at the 2010 census.
The 321st Air Expeditionary Wing was a United States Air Force unit assigned United States Air Forces Central, the USAF component command of United States Central Command. The unit was reestablished on 1 November 2008 and was a nexus of all Coalition Air Force Training Teams and the Iraqi Air Force at COB Speicher. It was previously the 321st Bombardment Group (Medium), which flew B-25 Mitchells in combat with the Northwest African Strategic Air Force in 1943 and the Mediterranean Allied Tactical Air Force in 1944–45.
The United States Air Force's 341st Missile Wing is an intercontinental ballistic missile unit headquartered at Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana. Up until 1 July 2008, it was designated as the 341st Space Wing.
The 10th Missile Squadron is a United States Air Force unit. It is assigned to the 341st Operations Group, stationed at Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana. The squadron is equipped with the LGM-30G Minuteman III Intercontinental ballistic missile, with a mission of nuclear deterrence.
The 12th Missile Squadron is a United States Air Force unit. It is assigned to the 341st Operations Group, stationed at Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana. The squadron is equipped with the LGM-30G Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile, with a mission of nuclear deterrence.
The 389th Strategic Missile Wing is an inactive unit of the United States Air Force. Its last assignment was with the 13th Strategic Missile Division at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming, where it was inactivated on 25 March 1965.
The 810th Strategic Aerospace Division is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with Strategic Air Command (SAC), assigned to Fifteenth Air Force at Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota, where it was inactivated on 30 June 1971.
The 821st Strategic Aerospace Division is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with Fifteenth Air Force at Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota, where it was inactivated on 30 June 1971.
The 490th Missile Squadron is a United States Air Force unit. It is assigned to the 341st Operations Group, stationed at Malmstrom AFB, Montana. The 490 MS is equipped with the LGM-30G Minuteman III Intercontinental ballistic missile, with a mission of nuclear deterrence.
The 742d Missile Squadron is a United States Air Force unit stationed at Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota. The squadron is equipped with the LGM-30G Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile, with a mission of nuclear deterrence.
The 448th Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 321st Missile Group at Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota, where it was equipped with the LGM-30G Minuteman III Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), with a mission of nuclear deterrence.
The 508th Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 351st Operations Group at Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri. The squadron was equipped with the LGM-30F Minuteman II Intercontinental ballistic missile with a mission of nuclear deterrence. With the end of the Cold War, the 508th was inactivated on 28 July 1995.
The 446th Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 321st Missile Group, stationed at Grand Forks AFB, North Dakota
The 447th Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 321st Missile Group, stationed at Grand Forks AFB, North Dakota
The 567th Strategic Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 92d Strategic Aerospace Wing at Fairchild Air Force Base, Washington, where it was inactivated as part of the phaseout of the Atlas ICBM on 25 June 1965. It was equipped with the SM-65E Atlas ICBM, with a mission of nuclear deterrence.
The 566th Strategic Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 389th Strategic Missile Wing at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming, where it was inactivated on 25 March 1965. The squadron was equipped with SM-65 Atlases.
The 565th Strategic Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 389th Strategic Missile Wing at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, Wyoming, where it was inactivated on 25 March 1965. The squadron was equipped with SM-65D Atlases and was the second Strategic Air Command Intercontinental ballistic missile squadron to go on nuclear alert status.
This is a list of the LGM-30 Minuteman missile Missile Alert Facilities and Launch Facilities of the 341st Missile Wing, 20th Air Force, located at Malmstrom AFB, Montana.
Francis E. Warren Air Force Base, shortened as F.E. Warren AFB is a United States Air Force base (AFB) located approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Cheyenne, Wyoming. It is one of three strategic-missile bases in the U.S. It was named in honor of Francis E. Warren in 1930. Warren AFB is home of the 90th Missile Wing, assigned to the Twentieth Air Force, Air Force Global Strike Command. The 90 MW operates the LGM-30G Minuteman III ICBM. It is also the home of Twentieth Air Force, which commands all U.S. Air Force ICBMs.
The 90th Missile Wing is a component of Twentieth Air Force, stationed at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base and equipped with LGM-30G Minuteman III Missiles. It has served at Warren as a component of Strategic Air Command, Air Combat Command, Air Force Space Command and Air Force Global Strike Command since 1963.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency