Amanita silvicola

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Amanita silvicola
Amanitqa silvicola (31591428741).jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Amanitaceae
Genus: Amanita
Species:
A. silvicola
Binomial name
Amanita silvicola
Kauffman 1925

Amanita silvicola, also known as the woodland amanita or Kauffman's forest amanita, is a species of Amanita found in coniferous woods the Pacific Northwest and California. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

A. silvicola is a small to medium-sized white mushroom, distinguishable from most other white Amanita species by its short stalk. [4] [5] Its cap ranges from 5–12 cm and is pure white, convex to flat, often with an incurved margin. [6] The cap is initially rounded, covered in a "wooly" [3] outer veil that later leaves soft patchy remnants across its surface as it flattens. [1] [7] The stem is patched with volva remains, and is slightly larger at its base. [7] Gills are white, close and crowded, and free, just reaching the stem, or to narrowly adnate. [8] [9] [1] The flesh of A. silvicola does not change colour when bruised or cut, but it's cap may discolour with age. [10] [8]

Amanita silvicola
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.png Gills on hymenium
Convex cap icon.svgFlat cap icon.svg Cap is convex or flat
Free gills icon2.svgAdnate gills icon2.svg Hymenium is free or adnate
Volva stipe icon.svg Stipe has a volva
Transparent spore print icon.svg
Spore print is white
Mycorrhizal fungus.svgEcology is mycorrhizal
Mycomorphbox Question.pngEdibility is unknown

The edibibility of A. Silivicola is uncertain, [11] but, due to its close resemblance to two poisonous mushrooms in the Amanita genus, A. pantherina and A. Smithiana , experimentation with this mushroom is strongly advised against. [6] [7] [12] [13] [14]

Description

The cap of A. silvicola are 5 to 12 cm wide, dry and pure white in color. [1] [8] In advanced age and with decay, the cap may discolour, developing, as observed by Kauffman, "bright rose-colored spots and streaks". [9] Younger fruiting bodies (mushrooms) are covered by a fluffy continuous universal veil, which breaks up irregularly across its slightly sticky surface into soft powdery patches instead of firm warts. [1] [6] [3] [15] The flesh of the cap thins considerably at its margin, which remains incurved into maturity. [9] The gills are white and crowded together and have a free to narrowly adnate attachment, though sometimes reach towards the stipe in a deccurent tooth. [1] [15] The gills are medium broad, 6-7mm, with cottony edges, and in maturity they project below the margin of the cap. [1] [15] A. silvicola spores 8.0-10.0 μm by 4.2-6.0 μm, they are smooth, amyloid, ellipsoid and colourless, leaving a white spore print. [1] [12]

The stem is 50 to 120mm long,12 to 25mm thick and stout, tapering slightly as it reaches the cap. [3] [6] It sometimes has a slight ring on its cap. [7] A. silvicola rarely roots, it has a basal marginate bulb (distinctly separate from the stem) at its base, about 3–4 cm thick with wooly veil remnants on its margin. [12] [16] [17] The flesh of A. silvicola is white and does not change color when cut. [18]

Habitat and distribution

Amanita silvicola is found in the Pacific northwest of North America, California, and more rarely in the Sierra Nevada mountains. The IUCN Red List has assessed it as Least Concern (LC), as the population is stable and "locally common" in the Pacific northwest and California. [2]

A. silvicola is a terrestrial species, it can be found as a solitary mushroom or in small groups in coniferous woods, especially under Western Hemlock. [2] [12] [19] It has a preference for areas of high rainfall. [2]

American Botanist and Mycologist Calvin Henry Kauffman Professor C. H. Kauffman.jpg
American Botanist and Mycologist Calvin Henry Kauffman

Taxonomy and Etymology

The species was first described and named by Kauffman in 1925, who had collected the type specimen in Mt. Hood, Oregon on September 30, 1922. [8] [9] [20] [21] The species epithet silvicola is derived from silva, Latin for "wood" or "forest", and -cola, Latin suffix for "dweller of" or "inhabiting", referring to its habitat. [22]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<i>Amanita brunnescens</i> Species of fungus

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<i>Amanita abrupta</i> Species of fungus

Amanita abrupta, commonly known as the American abrupt-bulbed amanita or the American abrupt-bulbed lepidella, is a possibly toxic species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae. Named for the characteristic shape of its fruit bodies, this white Amanita has a slender stem, a cap covered with conical white warts, and an "abruptly enlarged" swollen base. This terrestrial species grows in mixed woods in eastern North America and eastern Asia, where it is thought to exist in a mycorrhizal relationship with a variety of both coniferous and deciduous tree species.

<i>Amanita daucipes</i> Species of fungus

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<i>Amanita onusta</i> Species of fungus

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<i>Cortinarius traganus</i> Species of fungus

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<i>Amanita atkinsoniana</i> Species of fungus

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<i>Amanita ravenelii</i> Species of fungus

Amanita ravenelii, commonly known as the pinecone lepidella, is a species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae. The whitish fruit bodies are medium to large, with caps up to 17 centimetres wide, and stems up to 25 cm (10 in) long. The cap surface has large warts and the stem has a scaly, bulbous base. The mushrooms have a unique chlorine like odor.

<i>Amanita ceciliae</i> Species of fungus

Amanita ceciliae, commonly called snakeskin grisette, strangulated amanita, and the Cecilia's ringless amanita, is a basidiomycete fungus in the genus Amanita. First described in 1854 by Miles Joseph Berkeley and Christopher Edmund Broome, it was given its current name by Cornelis Bas in 1984. It is characterized by bearing a large fruit body with a brown cap 5–12 cm (2.0–4.7 in) across. The cap has charcoal-grey patches, which are easily removable. The stipe is 7–18 cm (2.8–7.1 in) long, white in colour, and there is no ring on it. It is slightly tapered to the top and has irregular cottony bands girdling the base. The universal veil is grey. Spores are white, spherical in shape, non-amyloid, and measure 10.2–11.7 micrometres. The mushrooms are considered edible, but field guides typically advise caution in selecting them for consumption, due to risks of confusion with similar toxic species. A. ceciliae is found in woods throughout Europe and North America, where it fruits during summer and autumn.

<i>Amanita albocreata</i> Species of fungus

Amanita albocreata, also called the ringless panther or the ringless panther amanita, is a species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae. It was discovered in 1944, by William Murrill. It is commonly found in the northeastern United States and parts of southeastern Canada. It normally grows between the rainy months of June and August.

<i>Amanita augusta</i> Species of fungus

Amanita augusta, commonly known as the western yellow-veil or western yellow-veiled amanita, is a small tannish-brown mushroom with cap colors bright yellow to dark brown and various combinations of the two colors. The mushroom is often recognizable by the fragmented yellow remnants of the universal veil. This mushroom grows year-round in the Pacific Northwest but fruiting tends to occur in late fall to mid-winter. The fungus grows in an ectomycorrhizal relationship with hardwoods and conifers often in mixed woodlands.

<i>Amanita flavorubens</i> Species of fungus

Amanita flavorubens, also known as the yellow American blusher or the yellow American blushing amanita, is a species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae.

<i>Amanita longipes</i> Species of fungus

Amanita longipes is a small mushroom species of the Amanita genus. It feeds on decaying leaves of some woods and can be found around the Appalachian Mountains. It is a food source for various insects.

References

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