Anterior choroidal artery

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Anterior choroidal artery
Circle of Willis en.svg
Diagram of the arterial circulation at the base of the brain (inferior view). The anterior choroidal artery is labeled at right of the circle of Willis.
Details
Source Internal carotid artery
Identifiers
Latin arteria choroidea anterior
TA98 A12.2.06.019
TA2 4501
FMA 50087
Anatomical terminology

The anterior choroidal artery is a bilaterally paired artery of the brain. It is typically a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies the choroid plexus of lateral ventricle and third ventricle as well as numerous structures of the brain.

Contents

Occlusion of the artery can result in loss of sensation, loss of part of the visual field, and impaired movement, all on the opposite side of the body as the occlusion.

Structure

Origin

The anterior choroidal artery typically originates from the internal carotid artery. It may (rarely) instead arise from the middle cerebral artery. [1]

It originates from the distal internal carotid artery (ICA) 5 mm distal to the origin of the posterior communicating artery and just proximal to the terminal bifurcation of the ICA. [2]

Course

It initially coures posterolaterally on the inferior surface of the cerebral hemisphere alongside the optic tract, crossing the tract medial-to-lateral [3] inferior to the tract. [4] At the level of the lateral geniculate nucleus, it curves around the lateral aspect of the cerebral peduncle to reach its posterior aspect. It reaches the medial portion of the transverse cerebral fissure to enter the lateral ventricle. [3] It enters the lateral ventricle at the apex of its inferior horn, at the inferior extremity of choroid fissure, just superior to the uncus. [4]

Distribution

It serves structures in the prosencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon: [2]

Clinical significance

Occlusion of the artery results in contralateral hemianopsia (partial loss of vision) and hemianaesthesia (loss of sensation), as well as partial hemiplegia (loss of the ability to move). [4] These symptoms are thought to arise from ischemic damage to the posterior limb of the internal capsule, thalamus, and optic chiasm/optic tract. However, the posterior limb of the internal capsule also receives lenticulostriate arteries from the middle cerebral artery, thus creating partially redundant supply. [5]

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internal capsule</span> White matter structure situated in the inferomedial part of each cerebral hemisphere of the brain

The internal capsule is a white matter structure situated in the inferomedial part of each cerebral hemisphere of the brain. It carries information past the basal ganglia, separating the caudate nucleus and the thalamus from the putamen and the globus pallidus. The internal capsule contains both ascending and descending axons, going to and coming from the cerebral cortex. It also separates the caudate nucleus and the putamen in the dorsal striatum, a brain region involved in motor and reward pathways.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Optic tract</span> Neural pathway within the human visual system

In neuroanatomy, the optic tract is a part of the visual system in the brain. It is a continuation of the optic nerve that relays information from the optic chiasm to the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus.

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The lateral ventricles are the two largest ventricles of the brain and contain cerebrospinal fluid. Each cerebral hemisphere contains a lateral ventricle, known as the left or right lateral ventricle, respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anterior cerebral artery</span> Artery supplying the brain

The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is one of a pair of cerebral arteries that supplies oxygenated blood to most midline portions of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes of the brain. The two anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the circle of Willis. The left and right anterior cerebral arteries are connected by the anterior communicating artery.

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The ophthalmic artery (OA) is an artery of the head. It is the first branch of the internal carotid artery distal to the cavernous sinus. Branches of the ophthalmic artery supply all the structures in the orbit around the eye, as well as some structures in the nose, face, and meninges. Occlusion of the ophthalmic artery or its branches can produce sight-threatening conditions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Subarachnoid cisterns</span> Spaces around the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid

The subarachnoid cisterns are spaces formed by openings in the subarachnoid space, an anatomic space in the meninges of the brain. The space is situated between the two meninges, the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. These cisterns are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

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The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired cerebral arteries that supply blood to the cerebrum. The MCA arises from the internal carotid artery and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Posterior cerebral artery</span> Artery which supplies blood to the occipital lobe of the brain

The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of cerebral arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the occipital lobe, part of the back of the human brain. The two arteries originate from the distal end of the basilar artery, where it bifurcates into the left and right posterior cerebral arteries. These anastomose with the middle cerebral arteries and internal carotid arteries via the posterior communicating arteries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Posterior inferior cerebellar artery</span>

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is the largest branch of the vertebral artery. It is one of the three main arteries that supply blood to the cerebellum, a part of the brain. Blockage of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery can result in a type of stroke called lateral medullary syndrome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tela choroidea</span>

The tela choroidea is a region of meningeal pia mater that adheres to the underlying ependyma, and gives rise to the choroid plexus in each of the brain’s four ventricles. Tela is Latin for woven and is used to describe a web-like membrane or layer. The tela choroidea is a very thin part of the loose connective tissue of pia mater overlying and closely adhering to the ependyma. It has a rich blood supply. The ependyma and vascular pia mater – the tela choroidea, form regions of minute projections known as a choroid plexus that projects into each ventricle. The choroid plexus produces most of the cerebrospinal fluid of the central nervous system that circulates through the ventricles of the brain, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space. The tela choroidea in the ventricles forms from different parts of the roof plate in the development of the embryo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chiasmal syndrome</span> Set of signs and symptoms that are associated with lesions of the optic chiasm

Chiasmal syndrome is the set of signs and symptoms that are associated with lesions of the optic chiasm, manifesting as various impairments of the affected's visual field according to the location of the lesion along the optic nerve. Pituitary adenomas are the most common cause; however, chiasmal syndrome may be caused by cancer, or associated with other medical conditions such as multiple sclerosis and neurofibromatosis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Posteromedial central arteries</span>

The posteromedial central arteries or paramedian arteries (also are branches of the posterior cerebral artery, and posterior communicating artery. They entering the substance of the brain through the posterior perforated substance. They supply a large portion of the diencephalon as well as some subcortical telencephalic structures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of human anatomy</span> Overview of and topical guide to human anatomy

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human anatomy:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Visual pathway lesions</span> Visual maladies

The visual pathway consists of structures that carry visual information from the retina to the brain. Lesions in that pathway cause a variety of visual field defects. In the visual system of human eye, the visual information processed by retinal photoreceptor cells travel in the following way:
Retina→Optic nerve→Optic chiasma →Optic tract→Lateral geniculate body→Optic radiation→Primary visual cortex

References

  1. Thomas Lathrop Stedman (2006). Stedman's medical dictionary. [electronic resource]. Internet Archive. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN   978-0-683-40007-6.
  2. 1 2 Ropper, Maurice Victor, Allan H. (2001). Adams and Victor's principles of neurology (7th ed.). New York: Medical Pub. Division, McGraw-Hill. ISBN   0-07-067497-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. 1 2 3 4 "anterior choroidal artery - Dictionnaire médical de l'Académie de Médecine". www.academie-medecine.fr. Retrieved 2024-08-12.
  4. 1 2 3 Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.). p. 473. ISBN   978-0-7295-3752-0.
  5. Helgason, C; Caplan, LR (1986). "Anterior choroidal artery-territory infarction: Report of cases and review". Arch. Neurol. 43 (7): 681–686. doi:10.1001/archneur.1986.00520070039015. PMID   3729746.