Bhaderwah | |
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Coordinates: 32°58′48″N75°42′49″E / 32.980033°N 75.713706°E | |
Country | India |
Union Territory | Jammu & Kashmir |
Division | Jammu |
District | Doda |
Area | |
• Total | 112.17 km2 (43.31 sq mi) |
Elevation | 1,613 m (5,292 ft) |
Population (2011) [1] | |
• Total | 75,376 |
• Density | 670/km2 (1,700/sq mi) |
Demonym | Bhaderwahi |
Languages | |
• Spoken languages | Bhaderwahi, Kashmiri, Dogri, Gaddi, Hindi, Gojri, Khașāli [2] |
Time zone | UTC +05:30 (Indian Standard Time) |
Additional District Commissioner Bhaderwah | Chowdhary Dil Mir (KAS) |
BDC Chairperson [3] | Omi Chand [4] |
Website | bhaderwah |
Bhaderwah or Bhadarwah (also Bhaderwah Valley) is a town, tehsil, and sub-district in the Doda district of Jammu Division of Jammu and Kashmir, India. [5] [6]
The name Bhaderwah derives from the Sanskrit word Bhadarwasa meaning "a place of living of supreme and intellect mankind". [7] Alternatively, the name may derive from Bhadarkashi, a name given to the town for the ancient temple of Hindu goddess Bhadrakali located in the area. [8] [9] The area is called Bhadar Avkash (lit. 'a good resting place') and Bhadar Pura in the 12th century Sanskrit chronicle Rajatarangini, with the former likely a name given to the region by foreign Kashmiri rulers. [10] [11] The area is sometimes referred to as Chota Kashmir or "little Kashmir" because of topographic similarities with the Kashmir valley, [12] and is called Bhadarkashi by the Hindus of the region. [9]
The early history of Bhaderwah is not well-known, [13] Padhas (who are Pandits) and Meghas are believed to be the original inhabitants of the region. [14] Bhaderwah was ruled by its native rulers up until 8th century AD. [11] During the 10th-11th centuries AD, it came under the rule of Ananta and Kalsha of neighbouring Kashmir. [11] The region finds mentions in the 12th century chronicle, Rajatarangini. Local hill chieftains or Ranas of the Pal clan (originally Chanderbansi Baloria Rajputs from Billawar princely state) ruled the area during the 8th-16th centuries AD. The lineage of Pal rulers started from Raja Radhikpal, (son of Raja Bhogpal of Balor and brother of sadhkpal who was given principality of Basohli) followed by his son Bhaderpal (named after Bhaderkali temple constructed by Raja Radhik Pal), Prithvi pal, Ajaypal, and many more. According to folk history, a local ruler named Nag Pal impressed Mughal emperor Akbar in the 16th century with his spiritual prowess, compelling the emperor to make several offerings to him. [15] The event is since commemorated annually during a celebration known as Mela Patt, on Naga Panchami. [16] [17]
By the end of the 16th century, it was annexed by the rulers of Chamba, who exercised influence over the Pal rajas. In 1820, the cousin of last ruler of Pal dynasty, Raja Pahadchand, ascended the throne and fought against Chamba forces who were led by Wazir Nathu. Raja Pahadchand won the battle but Wazir Nathu attacked again on Bhaderwah with the help of the Sikhs and captured Bhaderwah. The Raja of Chamba gave the throne of Bhaderwah to his younger brother Charhat Singh. After the death of Charhat Singh, Raja Zorawar Singh was made Governor of Bhaderwah. Many Kashmiri shawl weavers settled in the town during this time. The region became part of the Dogra Kingdom of Jammu and Kashmir following the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846, according to which the possessions of Chamba state to the west of Ravi river, including the Bhaderwah principality, were given to Gulab Singh. [18]
In 1886, Bhaderwah was bestowed as a jagir to Amar Singh, prime minister of the Dogra Kingdom, by Maharaja Pratap Singh. In 1890, the first census was conducted in Bhaderwah. Amar Singh exercised control over the jagir until his death in 1912, following which it passed onto his son Hari Singh, who would later become the Maharaja of the princely state. Bhaderwah's status as a jagir ended in 1930, and it was fully absorbed into the princely state, becoming a tehsil of district Udhampur in 1931. [19] The Jagir comprised Bhadarwah, Bhalessa and the vast area left of river Chenab from Thathri up to Marmat (Doda).
Bhaderwah is also a land of fairs and festivals like Mela Pat, Subar Dhar Mela, Kud dance, Pahari folk songs and music. It also has heritage sites like the Ratangarh Fort, hundred-years-old Jamia Masjid, and an ancient Vasuki Nag Temple. The area has rich culture of various communities
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1911 | 2,563 | — |
1921 | 2,603 | +0.15% |
1931 | 2,895 | +1.07% |
1941 | 2,989 | +0.32% |
1951 | 3,559 | +1.76% |
1961 | 4,129 | +1.50% |
1971 | 5,211 | +2.35% |
1981 | 6,075 | +1.55% |
2001 | 10,516 | +2.78% |
2011 | 11,084 | +0.53% |
Source: [1] |
According to the 2011 census of India, the Bhaderwah tehsil had a population of 75,376 while the population of the Bhaderwah town was 11,084. This gave the tehsil a population density of 670 persons per km2 (1,700 per square mile). Out of the total population of the tehsil, 39,051 individuals were male and 36,325 were female, giving it a sex ratio of 930 females for every 1000 males. The tehsil had a literacy rate of 75.51%. Scheduled castes formed 19.3% of the population, while scheduled tribes were 6.2%. [20]
Per the 2011 census, Hindus formed a majority of Bhaderwah tehsil's population, constituting 58.02% of the total. [20] [21] The remaining population is mainly Muslim (41.71%) with small numbers of Christians (0.13%) and Sikhs (0.11%). Hindus have historically formed a majority in the region, with the former Bhaderwah Jagir recording a 61.13% Hindu majority in the 1911 census. [22]
A majority of the population of Bhaderwah tehsil are speakers of the Bhadarwahi language, with around 53% of the total population speaking the language as a mother tongue, according to the 2011 census. [23] The tehsil also had a large Kashmiri-speaking minority (33.6% of the total), and significant numbers of speakers of Dogri (4.7%), Gaddi (3.35%), Hindi (1.6%) and Gojri (1.5%) languages. [23]
Climate data for Bhaderwah (1991–2020, extremes 1977–2020) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 21.8 (71.2) | 24.8 (76.6) | 29.7 (85.5) | 32.6 (90.7) | 38.4 (101.1) | 39.3 (102.7) | 39.4 (102.9) | 37.2 (99.0) | 35.1 (95.2) | 32.4 (90.3) | 28.7 (83.7) | 22.9 (73.2) | 39.4 (102.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 11.6 (52.9) | 13.4 (56.1) | 18.8 (65.8) | 23.4 (74.1) | 27.2 (81.0) | 29.9 (85.8) | 30.4 (86.7) | 29.3 (84.7) | 27.8 (82.0) | 24.4 (75.9) | 19.3 (66.7) | 14.6 (58.3) | 22.7 (72.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) | 1.2 (34.2) | 4.4 (39.9) | 7.9 (46.2) | 10.9 (51.6) | 14.6 (58.3) | 17.9 (64.2) | 17.4 (63.3) | 13.5 (56.3) | 7.6 (45.7) | 3.8 (38.8) | 0.9 (33.6) | 8.4 (47.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | −10.8 (12.6) | −9.2 (15.4) | −6.5 (20.3) | −2.5 (27.5) | 0.2 (32.4) | 5.2 (41.4) | 7.0 (44.6) | 8.1 (46.6) | 2.5 (36.5) | −3.0 (26.6) | −2.5 (27.5) | −10.3 (13.5) | −10.8 (12.6) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 133.6 (5.26) | 177.3 (6.98) | 151.1 (5.95) | 116.5 (4.59) | 83.8 (3.30) | 83.4 (3.28) | 129.6 (5.10) | 136.4 (5.37) | 94.0 (3.70) | 28.5 (1.12) | 36.7 (1.44) | 55.0 (2.17) | 1,227.9 (48.34) |
Average rainy days | 7.0 | 8.3 | 8.4 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 5.0 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 77.8 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 63 | 63 | 55 | 52 | 52 | 54 | 64 | 68 | 62 | 52 | 55 | 57 | 58 |
Source: India Meteorological Department [24] [25] |
Bhaderwah is an emerging tourist destination. Local administration is working to set Bhaderwah on the world tourism spot. The administration is emphasising on creating Shopping Malls, luxury hotels, gaming facilities, food courts, and other amenities to attract international and domestic tourists along with promotion of religious and historical destinations. [26] The Vibrant Bhaderwah Festival, a 5-day program, including performances by Singers, fireworks, cultural performances, Film Screenings and many more. The festival is organised in collaboration by Directorate of Tourism Jammu, the District Administration Doda, the Academy of Art, Culture and Language, and the Bhaderwah Development Authority (BDA). The last festival was organised from 27 December 2023 to 31 December 2023. It concluded on New Year 2024. It was attended by more than one lakh people. Bhaderwah is also emerging as a destination for Wedding tourism and MICE tourism. [27]
|- |Udhampur - Batote |55 Kms - NH-1A |- |Batote - Pul Doda |50 Kms - NH-1B |- |Pul Doda – Bhaderwah |30 Kms |}[ clarification needed ]
Bhaderwah has exciting activities for adventure enthusiasts. Khani Top and Thuba are ideal for paragliding offering exhilarating descents into the Bhaderwah valley. The mountains overlooking the valley offer abundant camping and trekking opportunities. Jantroon Top in Chiralla, Subar Dhar, Hanga Noori to Seoj, Khellani to Seoj, Hanga- Devchatar- Chilli- Khellani. Chinta, Thanala and Padri meadows have wonderful slopes for snowboarding and skiing.
Doda district is an administrative district of the Jammu division of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. Doda covers 2,625 square kilometers.
Rajouri is a district in the Jammu division of Indian Jammu and Kashmir in the Kashmir region. The Line of Control, between the Indian- and Pakistan's occupied Jammu and Kashmir, lies to its west, Poonch to its north, the Reasi district to the east and the Jammu district to its south. Rajouri is famous for its "Kalari". Representing an ancient principality, Rajouri was a joint district, along with Reasi, at the time of the princely state's accession to India in 1947. The two tehsils were separated and Rajouri was merged with the Poonch district. Rajouri again became a separate district along with Reasi in 1968 till 2006 when both were separated again. The Rajouri district comprises 13 tehsils (boroughs). The land is mostly fertile and mountainous. Maize, wheat and rice are the main crops of the area and the main source of the irrigation is the river Tawi that originates from the mountains of Pir Panjal.
Chamba is a town in the Chamba district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. According to the 2001 Indian census, Chamba has a population of 20,312 people. Located at an altitude of 1,006 metres (3,301 ft) above mean sea level, the town is situated on the banks of the Ravi River, at its confluence with the Sal River.
Samba district is an administrative district in the Jammu division of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It was formed in 2006. Before its formation, this area was part of Jammu district and Kathua district.
The Dogra dynasty of Dogra Rajputs from the Shivalik hills created Jammu and Kashmir through the treaties with the East India Company following the First Anglo-Sikh war. Events led the Sikh Empire to recognise Jammu as a vassal state in 1820, and later the British added Kashmir to Jammu with the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846. The founder of the dynasty, Gulab Singh, was an influential noble in the court of the Sikh emperor Maharaja Ranjit Singh, while his brother Dhian Singh served as the prime minister of the Sikh Empire. Appointed by Ranjit Singh as the hereditary Raja of the Jammu principality, Gulab Singh established his supremacy over all the hill states surrounding the Kashmir Valley. After the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1846, under the terms of the Treaty of Lahore, 1846, the British East India Company acquired Kashmir from the Sikh Empire and transferred it to Gulab Singh, recognising him as an independent Maharaja. Thus, Jammu and Kashmir was established as one of the largest princely states in India, receiving a 21-gun salute for its Maharaja in 1921. It was ruled by Gulab Singh and his descendants until 1947.
Jammu and Kashmir is home to several valleys such as the Kashmir Valley, Chenab Valley, Sindh Valley and Lidder Valley. Some major tourist attractions in Jammu and Kashmir are Srinagar, with its renowned Dal Lake and Mughal Gardens, Gulmarg, Pahalgam, Bhaderwah, Patnitop and Jammu. Every year, thousands of Hindu pilgrims visit holy shrines of Vaishno Devi and Amarnath which has had a significant impact on the state's economy.
Jammu and Kashmir, also known as Kashmir and Jammu, was a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with the British East India Company from 1846 to 1858 and under the paramountcy of the British Crown, from 1858 until the Partition of India in 1947, when it became a disputed territory, now administered by three countries: China, India, and Pakistan. The princely state was created after the First Anglo-Sikh War, when the East India Company, which had annexed the Kashmir Valley, from the Sikhs as war indemnity, then sold it to the Raja of Jammu, Gulab Singh, for rupees 75 lakhs.
Kishtwar district is an administrative district of the Jammu division of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir of the disputed Kashmir region. As of 2011, it is the largest and the least populous district of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Salooni is the tehsil headquarter and Sub-Division in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh, India. Salooni is an important regional administrative and economic centre. It has a mini secretariat, SDM office, government senior secondary school, Degree College, CSK HP Krishi Vishvavidyalaya Mountain Agriculture Research and Extension Stations, community health centre and many other sub-division level important government offices. Salooni falls under Dalhousie legislative constituency. The entrance to the small township has a series of few quaint shops, followed by small ground with an ancient goddess Kali temple at other end.
Paddar, also spelled Padar, is a Sub-District and remote valley in the Kishtwar district of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It falls in the Jammu division. It consists of two tehsils namely Machail and Atholi Paddar The valley covers the entire southeastern portion of the Kishtwar district. It borders Zanskar (Ladakh) in the north and east, Pangi in the south and the rest of Jammu and Kashmir in the west. The valley is known for its Sapphire mines. It lies along the Chandrabhaga river (Chenab) in the Great Himalayas. Paddar is one of the most remote regions of Jammu and Kashmir. There are a number of small valleys within Paddar, such as Machail, Gandhari, Kabban, Ongai, Bhuzunu, Barnaj, Bhuzas, Kijai Nallah, Ishtiyari, Tiyari and Dharlang, among others.
Chenab Valley is a term refers to present-day districts of Doda, Kishtwar, Ramban in Jammu and Kashmir. These three districts used to be part of a single former district called Doda, which was created in 1948 out of the eastern parts of Udhampur district of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, and are sometimes collectively referred to as the Doda belt.
The Jammu division is a revenue and administrative division of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is bordered by the Kashmir division to the north. It consists of the districts of Jammu, Doda, Kathua, Ramban, Reasi, Kishtwar, Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur and Samba. Most of the land is hilly or mountainous, including the Pir Panjal Range which separates it from the Kashmir Valley and part of the Great Himalayas in the eastern districts of Doda and Kishtwar. Its principal river is the Chenab.
Thathri is a town and a notified area committee in Doda district in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Thathri valley is located in the foothills of the Himalayan mountains, about 85 km from Batote. Apart from having ample forests, the town contains many small streams flowing through its various parts. It is located on the banks of the Chenab River and the town area is spread over 1.50 sq. Km².
Jai Valley is an enchanting valley located 32 kilometres northeast of Bhaderwah town in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The Bhaderwah-Jai road, which passes through the corniferous deodar forests of Nakshri, Balote, Bhalara and Chinta Valley connects the valley with the Bhaderwah town. The valley has green meadows which act as the attraction for tourists in summers and the snow-covered landscape during winters. Jai valley has about 9 kilometres long meadows, bisected by a stream called Jai Nallah which merges with a tributary of river Chenab at Kahara in tehsil Thathri. It is also known by the names Jai Garh and Jai Top. The valley is also connected through a 37 kilometres long road with Gandoh. There is no Mobile Network in this valley.
Chinta Valley is a valley and a village located 20 kilometres northeast of Bhaderwah town on Bhaderwah-Jai road. It is covered with thick coniferous forests from all sides with a stream flowing through it known as Chinta Nallah. A village called Thuba divides the valley from Bhaderwah.
Bhal Padri is a hill station situated above a group of small valleys covered with a dense forest located in the Changa, Bhalessa. area of Doda district. It borders Padri Pass, Bhaderwah at a distance of 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast. Rivulets and streams flow through this valley.
Bhalessa is a geographical area within Doda district in the Jammu region of India-administered Kashmir. It consists of the Bunjwah and Bhalessa Valleys, and comprises the three Tehsils of Kahara, Chilly Pingal and Gandoh.
Padri Top or Padri Pass is a hill station situated 41 kilometres (25 mi) North of Bhaderwah on [interstate link] Bhaderwah–Chamba National Highway. It has 99.7 kilometres (62.0 mi) long meadows and used for adventure sports like snow-skiing in winters and Paragliding in summers. It is the highest Pass on Bhaderwah-Chamba National Highway located between the borders of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh.
Bhalla is a village and tehsil of Doda district in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Bhalla is located about 15 kilometres from Doda and 25 kilometres from Bhaderwah on the Doda-Bhaderwah Highway.
The Bhaderwah–Chamba Road is an interstate link road that connects the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. The road runs through the valleys and mountains of the western Himalayas, providing a transportation link between the two states.