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A stockbroker is an individual or company that buys and sells stocks and other investments for a financial market participant in return for a commission, markup, or fee. In most countries they are regulated as a broker or broker-dealer and may need to hold a relevant license and may be a member of a stock exchange. They generally act as a financial advisor and investment manager. In this case they may also be licensed as a financial adviser such as a registered investment adviser.
In financial services, a broker-dealer is a natural person, company or other organization that engages in the business of trading securities for its own account or on behalf of its customers. Broker-dealers are at the heart of the securities and derivatives trading process.
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulatory body for securities and commodity market in India under the administrative domain of Ministry of Finance within the Government of India. It was established on 12 April 1988 as an executive body and was given statutory powers on 30 January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992.
The Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (MSRB) is a United States self-regulatory financial organization that writes investor protection rules and other rules regulating broker-dealers and banks in the municipal securities market. This including tax-exempt and taxable municipal bonds, municipal notes, and other securities issued by states, cities, and counties or their agencies to help finance public projects or for other public policy purposes.
An investment company is a financial institution principally engaged in holding, managing and investing securities. These companies in the United States are regulated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and must be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Investment companies invest money on behalf of their clients who, in return, share in the profits and losses.
The Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) was established in 1954 as the Nairobi Stock Exchange, based in Nairobi the capital of Kenya. It was a voluntary association of stockbrokers in the European community registered under the Societies Act in British Kenya. The exchange had 66 listed companies in February 2021.
Banque du Liban is the central bank of Lebanon. It was established on August 1, 1963, and became fully operational on April 1, 1964. In 2023, Wassim Mansouri stepped up as interim governor of the Banque du Liban after Lebanon failed to name a successor to Riad Salameh, whose term finished in July 2023. Salameh, who was chairman for 30 years, has been accused of corruption, money laundering and running the largest Ponzi scheme in history; he was additionally labeled "the world’s worst central banker". He is currently under sanctions by Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.
The Securities and Exchange Commission is the agency of the government of the Philippines charged with the registration and supervision of corporations and securities, as well as capital market institutions and participants, in the Philippines. The commission promotes investor protection in the Philippines as part of its mandate.
The Capital Market Authority is the Saudi governments financial regulatory authority responsible for capital markets in Saudi Arabia. The CMA is a government organization applying full financial, legal, and administrative independence, and has direct links with the Prime Minister. Its responsibilities include setting and policing financial rules and regulations and developing the capital markets, this includes regulating the Tadawul, Saudi Arabia's stock exchange. CMA is the first government authority to receive accreditation in institutional structure maturity from the National Enterprises Architecture (NEA) of the e-Government Program Yesser.
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a private American corporation that acts as a self-regulatory organization (SRO) that regulates member brokerage firms and exchange markets. FINRA is the successor to the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (NASD) as well as to the member regulation, enforcement, and arbitration operations of the New York Stock Exchange. The U.S. government agency that acts as the ultimate regulator of the U.S. securities industry, including FINRA, is the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
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The Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission, better known as CySEC, is the financial regulatory agency of Cyprus. As an EU member state, CySEC's financial regulations and operations comply with the European MiFID financial harmonization law.
Foreign exchange regulation is a form of financial regulation specifically aimed at the Forex market that is decentralized and operates with no central exchange or clearing house. Due to its decentralized and global nature, the foreign exchange market has been more prone to foreign exchange fraud and has been less regulated than other financial markets.
The Capital Markets Authority of Kenya (CMA) is a government financial regulatory entity responsible for supervising, licensing and monitoring the activities of the capital markets within the Republic of Kenya, market intermediaries, including the stock exchange, and the central depository and settlement system and all other persons licensed under the Capital Markets Act of Kenya.
The Capital Market Development Authority (CMDA) is the state entity responsible for the development and regulation of the securities market, and the capital market of Maldives. CMDA was established as an independent institution in 2006 with the passing of the Maldives Securities Act 2006. Prior to that, it was functioning as a separate Division of the Maldives Monetary Authority (MMA).
The National Securities and Stock Market Commission of Ukraine or NSSMC is a public institution, which carries out the supervision of participants of Ukrainian capital markets, ensures enhancing stability, competitiveness and development of the capital markets as well as protection of the interests of investors, prevention of abuse and offenses.
Financial regulation in India is governed by a number of regulatory bodies. Financial regulation is a form of regulation or supervision, which subjects financial institutions to certain requirements, restrictions and guidelines, aiming to maintain the stability and integrity of the financial system. This may be handled by either a government or non-government organization. Financial regulation has also influenced the structure of banking sectors by increasing the variety of financial products available. Financial regulation forms one of three legal categories which constitutes the content of financial law, the other two being market practices and case law.
References
- ↑ CMA (2014). "Capital Markets Authority Team". Capital Markets Authority (CMA). Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
- ↑ Ligami, Christabel (6 November 2013). "CMA Uganda Appoints New Chief Executive Officer". The EastAfrican . Retrieved 6 July 2014.
- ↑ Kulabako, Faridah (7 November 2013). "Kalyegira Is New Capital Markets Chief Executive". Daily Monitor . Retrieved 6 July 2014.
- ↑ Oketch, Martin Luther (31 December 2011). "Harsh Economy Hurts Capital Markets". Daily Monitor Mobile . Retrieved 6 July 2014.
