Chinatown | |
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Chinatown's Faulkner Street paifang | |
Metropolitan borough | |
Metropolitan county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | MANCHESTER |
Postcode district | M1 |
Dialling code | 0161 |
Police | Greater Manchester |
Fire | Greater Manchester |
Ambulance | North West |
UK Parliament | |
Manchester Chinatown | |||||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 曼徹斯特中國城 | ||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 曼彻斯特中国城 | ||||||||||||
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Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 曼徹斯特唐人街 | ||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 曼彻斯特唐人街 | ||||||||||||
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Chinatown in Manchester,England,is the second largest Chinatown in the United Kingdom and the third largest in Europe. [1] Its archway was completed in 1987 on Faulkner Street in Manchester city centre, [2] which contains Chinese restaurants,shops,bakeries and supermarkets. [3] [4]
The first Chinese settlers arrived in the city in the early 20th century;many were engaged in the laundry trade. [5] Manchester's first Chinese restaurant,Ping Hong,opened on Oxford Street in 1948. [5] A Chinese immigration wave began in the 1950s, [6] [7] when there were severe labour shortages,and in response to the British Nationality Act 1948 which allowed easier access into the country. [7] Hong Kong's rapid urbanisation also meant that farmers' traditional homes were being destroyed by urban sprawl,so many decided to migrate. [6] [7]
Chinese restaurants multiplied after the immigration boom. By the 1970s other Chinese businesses had opened,such as medicine shops,supermarkets and financial and legal services serving the area, [6] [7] including a Hong Kong government office and branch of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. [7] In 1989,the Chinese Arts Centre opened in Chinatown. [8] In 2013,the Bank of East Asia opened their first Manchester branch on Charlotte Street in Chinatown. [9] [10]
Chinatown is a small area of Manchester's city centre. Its boundaries form a rectangle,surrounded by Mosley Street,Manchester Art Gallery and the Portico Library to the west,Portland Street to the east,Princess Street to the south,and Charlotte Street to the north. [11] However,these boundaries are not official;some maps extend Chinatown further south to Oxford Street. [12] To the east lies the city's gay village,centred on Canal Street,and to the north lies Piccadilly Gardens. Being in the city centre,the area is entirely urbanised. Unlike Manchester city centre as a whole,Chinatown's streets appear largely in a grid plan.
One of Chinatown's most noticeable landmarks is the archway on Faulkner Street. The paifang,underneath which road traffic passes,was specially built in China and shipped over in three containers. [13] Construction commenced over Christmas 1986 and was completed by Easter 1987, [13] a year after the city of Manchester was twinned with Wuhan. [14] The structure was a gift from Manchester City Council to the Chinese community, [15] and is adorned with dragons and phoenixes.
After many years exposed to the elements,the arch required restoration work to be undertaken;netting was wrapped around a part of the structure to prevent further tiles from dislodging. [15] The Manchester Chinatown Community Group undertook a series of charity events,including a dry land dragon boat race in June 2012. [15] In early 2013 the archway was repaired by Manchester and Cheshire Construction Company. [13]
Another Chinatown landmark is the Guardian telephone exchange. The building is now owned by BT and used for communications work,though it was constructed for an entirely different usage. The building lies atop an underground bunker,constructed between 1949 and 1954 and paid for by NATO. The bunker was a fallout shelter designed to protect officials in the event of an atomic bomb and features over four miles of tunnels. The media were banned from revealing the bunker's existence until 1967 and it was built by Polish workers who could not speak English. [16]
Chinatown has a number of listed buildings,including 55 Faulkner Street,Manchester [17] and 36 Princess Street, [18] [19] an aparthotel for national chain Roomzzz.
The area's nearest Metrolink stations are Piccadilly Gardens (which is also a bus interchange),and St Peter's Square tram stop. The nearest National Rail stations are Manchester Oxford Road to the south and Manchester Piccadilly to the east of Chinatown,the latter of which can be reached by Metrolink services. Furthermore,there is a car park off Faulkner Street for visitors driving into Chinatown in private vehicles. It is decorated in an oriental theme,in keeping with Chinatown,and a mural of a junk,a Chinese sea vessel,is contained within a brick wall overlooking the car park.
Manchester Piccadilly is the principal railway station in Manchester,England. Opened as Store Street in 1842,it was renamed Manchester London Road in 1847 and became Manchester Piccadilly in 1960. Located to the south-east of Manchester city centre,it hosts long-distance intercity and cross-country services to national destinations including London,Birmingham,Nottingham,Glasgow,Edinburgh,Cardiff,Bristol,Exeter,Plymouth,Reading,Southampton and Bournemouth;regional services to destinations in Northern England including Liverpool,Leeds,Sheffield,Newcastle and York;and local commuter services around Greater Manchester. It is one of 19 major stations managed by Network Rail. The station has 14 platforms:12 terminal and two through platforms. Piccadilly is also a major interchange with the Metrolink light rail system with two tram platforms in its undercroft.
Manchester Metrolink is a tram/light rail system in Greater Manchester,England. The network has 99 stops along 64 miles (103 km) of standard-gauge route,making it the most extensive light rail system in the United Kingdom. Metrolink is owned by the public body Transport for Greater Manchester (TfGM) and operated and maintained under contract by a Keolis/Amey consortium. In 2021/22,26 million passenger journeys were made on the system.
Manchester Victoria station in Manchester,England,is a combined mainline railway station and Metrolink tram stop. Situated to the north of the city centre on Hunts Bank,close to Manchester Cathedral,it adjoins Manchester Arena which was constructed on part of the former station site in the 1990s. Opened in 1844 and part of the Manchester station group,Victoria is Manchester's third busiest railway station after Piccadilly and Oxford Road and the second busiest station managed by Northern after Oxford Road.
Manchester City Centre is the central business district of Manchester,England,within the confines of Great Ancoats Street,A6042 Trinity Way,and A57(M) Mancunian Way,which collectively form an inner ring road. The City Centre ward had a population of 17,861 at the 2011 census.
Manchester Airport station is a railway,tram,bus and coach station at Manchester Airport,England which opened at the same time as the second air terminal in 1993. The station is 9+3⁄4 miles (15.7 km) south of Manchester Piccadilly,at the end of a short branch from the Styal Line via a triangular junction between Heald Green and Styal stations. Manchester Metrolink tram services were extended to the airport in 2014 and operate to Manchester Victoria.
St Peter's Square is a tram stop in St Peter's Square in Manchester city centre,England. It opened on 27 April 1992 and is in Zone 1 of Greater Manchester's Metrolink light rail system. The stop's platforms were extended in 2009. Later redevelopment in 2015–16 demolished the original two side platforms and replaced them with a twin-island platform layout which allows for limited cross-platform interchange.
Picc-Vic was a proposed,and later cancelled,underground railway designed in the early 1970s with the purpose of connecting two major mainline railway termini in Manchester city centre,England. The name Picc-Vic was a contraction of the two station names,Manchester Piccadilly and Manchester Victoria. The proposal envisaged the construction of an underground rail tunnel across Manchester city centre. The scheme was abandoned in 1977 during its proposal stages due to excessive costs,and that the scheme still retained two large and expensive-to-maintain terminal stations in Manchester;other similar sized cities had reduced their terminals to one.
Cornbrook tram stop is a tram stop on Greater Manchester's light rail Metrolink system in the Cornbrook area of Manchester,England. It is an interchange station,allowing passenger transfer between the network's Altrincham,Eccles,Airport,Trafford Park and South Manchester lines. The station opened on 6 December 1999 for line transfers and allowed street-level entry and exit to the public from 3 September 2005. It takes its name from Cornbrook Road,between the A56 and Pomona Docks on the Manchester Ship Canal,and was built on what was a Cheshire Lines Committee route to Manchester Central railway station. The stop is one of the most used on the Metrolink network.
Deansgate-Castlefield is a tram stop on Greater Manchester's Metrolink light rail system,on Deansgate in the Castlefield area of Manchester city centre. It opened on 27 April 1992 as G-Mex tram stop,taking its name from the adjacent G-Mex Centre,a concert,conference and exhibition venue;the G-Mex Centre was rebranded as Manchester Central in 2007,prompting the Metrolink stop to be renamed on 20 September 2010. The station underwent redevelopment in 2014–15 to add an extra platform in preparation for the completion of the Second City Crossing in 2016–17.
Piccadilly Gardens is a tram stop in Zone 1 of Greater Manchester's Metrolink light rail system. It is located beside Piccadilly Gardens in Manchester city centre,and serves both as a transport hub,and interchange station.
Market Street is a tram stop in Zone 1 of Greater Manchester's Metrolink light rail system. It is located on Market Street,in Manchester city centre,England. It opened on 27 April 1992 as part of Phase 1 of Metrolink's expansion.
The transport infrastructure of Greater Manchester is built up of numerous transport modes and forms an integral part of the structure of Greater Manchester and North West England –the most populated region outside of South East England which had approximately 301 million annual passenger journeys using either buses,planes,trains or trams in 2014. Its position as a national city of commerce,education and cultural importance means the city has one of the largest and most thorough transport infrastructures which is heavily relied upon by its 2.8 million inhabitants in the Greater Manchester conurbation and further afield in the North West region. Public transport comes under the jurisdiction of Transport for Greater Manchester.
The history of Manchester Metrolink begins with its conception as Greater Manchester's light rail system in 1982 by the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive,and spans its inauguration in 1992 and the successive phases of expansion.
The Manchester station group is a station group of four railway stations in Manchester city centre,England;this consists of Manchester Piccadilly,Manchester Oxford Road,Manchester Victoria and Deansgate. The station group is printed on national railway tickets as MANCHESTER STNS. For passengers travelling from one of the 91 National Rail stations in Greater Manchester,the four stations are printed as MANCHESTER CTLZ which additionally permits the use of Metrolink tram services in Zone 1.
This timeline of Manchester Metrolink lists significant events in the history of Greater Manchester's light rail network.
The Bury Line is a tram line of the Manchester Metrolink running from Manchester city centre to Bury in Greater Manchester. Originally a railway line,it was,along with the Altrincham Line,converted into a tram line during 1991–92,as part of the first phase of the Metrolink system.
The Altrincham Line is a tram line of the Manchester Metrolink running from Manchester to Altrincham in Greater Manchester. Originally a railway line,it was,along with the Bury Line,converted into a tramway during 1991–92,as part of the first phase of the Metrolink system.
The East Manchester Line (EML) is a tram line of the Manchester Metrolink in Greater Manchester,England,running from Manchester to Ashton-under-Lyne via Droylsden and Audenshaw. The line opened in 2013 as part of phase three of the system's expansion.
Zone 1 of the Manchester Metrolink light rail network is the heart of the system where all of the other lines converge. Its boundaries are broadly equivalent to those of Manchester city centre,and approximately mirror the city's Inner Ring Road. Within Zone 1,first opened in 1992 as the City Zone,trams largely run along semi-pedestrianised streets rather than on their own separate alignment. The original route between the Altrincham and Bury lines ran to Victoria station via Market Street and High Street,and was soon joined by a branch to Piccadilly station by a three-way delta junction. A second route between the South-West and North-Eastern parts of the network was built to ease congestion on the original line. Opened in 2017,the Second City Crossing (2CC) added one additional stop to the network.