The station sits on a Grade II listed viaduct,which was built in 1839 as part of the Manchester,South Junction and Altrincham Railway.[3] To reduce load on this viaduct,the station unusually utilises laminated wood structures as opposed to masonry,concrete,iron or steel. English Heritage describes it as a "building of outstanding architectural quality and technological interest;one of the most dramatic stations in England".[4] It was Grade II listed in 1995.[1] Architectural critic Nikolaus Pevsner described the station as "one of the most remarkable and unusual stations in the country".
It has long been envisaged,since the Manchester Hub plan in 2009,that the station will be upgraded and,in October 2016,a Transport and Works Act 1992 application was submitted to extend platforms at the station as part of the wider Manchester Piccadilly and Manchester Oxford Road Capacity Scheme.[5][6]As of 2019[update],this application remains active but has not been approved by government.[7] As a key transition node for both north–south and east–west transpennine routes,it is a recognised bottleneck and is the most delayed major station in the United Kingdom according to a Which? study in 2018 with over three quarters of services failing to depart on time during peak hours.[8][9] In an attempt to obligate the DfT to provide funding for the Oxford Road upgrade to improve punctuality,Network Rail declared the Castlefield Corridor 'congested' in September 2019.[10][11]
History
The station opened as Oxford Road on 20 July 1849 and was the headquarters of the Manchester,South Junction and Altrincham Railway (MSJAR) until 1904.[12] The station was built on the site of 'Little Ireland',a slum "of a worse character than St Giles",[13] in which about four thousand people had lived in "measureless filth and stench"[14] (according to Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England) and of a gasworks which was relocated to the west. The station buildings,which were temporary wooden structures,were accessed by an inclined esplanade winding to the right from Gloucester Street (now Whitworth Street West) to reach their north front.[15]
There was a single platform on the north side of the line through to Manchester London Road (now Manchester Picadilly) and a second platform on a west-facing siding. To allow for extra trains in connection with the Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition in 1857,extra platforms and sidings were built,[16] but removed afterwards. A meeting of MSJAR contract ticket holders in 1863 included in its list of complaints the want of punctuality "especially as at Oxford Road station there is only one platform used for both passengers and milk".[17]
From 1854 onwards,Oxford Road served as the terminus for a service to Liverpool,independent of the London and North Western Railway(LNWR) (one of the joint owners of MSJAR).[18] The rail service went no further than Garston,with the final leg of the journey being made by steamer,[18] but it alerted the LNWR to the possible use of the MSJAR by its co-owner,the Manchester,Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR) to reach areas west of Manchester. Consequently,in 1857,when the MSJAR began (the decision being taken on the casting vote of the board's chairman,by rotation) running an Oxford Road –London Road service,the LNWR took strenuous measures to discourage it. Every train of the service was flagged down just short of the London Road platform and not allowed to proceed further,passengers being told they were liable to prosecution for trespass if they got out.[19]
Goods going beyond the MSJAR were not handled at Oxford Road between March[20] and July 1865[21] whilst some enlargement (and widening)[22] work was carried out.
The MS&LR pressed ahead with the joint lines to give it direct and independent rail access to Liverpool,[23] but the LNWR blocked any matching improvement to the MSJAR and to Oxford Road,only offering to let these go ahead when the scheme for Manchester Central station was brought forward.[24] To defeat the bill for the scheme,the LNWR then promised to cooperate with the MS&LR in widening the MSJAR and enlarging Oxford Road.[25]
However,Edward Watkin,chairman of the MS&LR,later complained that the LNWR had ensured[26] no improvement took place before the MS&LR had its route to Liverpool. In October 1874,with Liverpool Central railway station now open,a letter to the press complained that with the additional services over the Cheshire Lines now using Oxford Road it was dangerously overcrowded. In the two and a half hours from 8am,thirty-seven trains were booked to call at Oxford Road:this was far too many considering there was but one platform. Frequently,passengers were compelled to alight outside the station,sometimes on the siding rails,at risk of personal injury,because of "the blocked-up state" of the station. Furthermore,it was rumoured that the LNWR was planning to run a competing service (via Broadheath and Warrington) between Oxford Road and Liverpool Lime Street:if this were true,then it would further worsen the congestion,and the Board of Trade should forbid it.[27]
In 1876,about £12,000 was spent on enlarging the station facilities,including the provision of a refreshment room;the station was then said to be handling about a hundred thousand passengers a week.[28] Train-handling congestion was eased when Manchester Central railway station came into use,and in 1892 the MSJAR,under pressure to greatly improve Knott Mill,rejected the suggestion of Manchester Corporation that it could kill two birds with one stone by replacing its two existing unsatisfactory stations with a single new,thoroughly satisfactory,station somewhere between them.[29] The MSJAR offered instead a limited reconstruction of the waiting rooms and booking hall;it also rejected the council's offer of assistance with providing a more suitable approach to the station[30] only to accept it two years later.[31]
Press articles on the golden jubilee of the line in 1899 noted that the platform layout was still that of 1849 and somewhat of a museum piece:"if the station were to be designed today... it would have a platform on each side of the main line,an advantage which its frequenters know it does not possess..." and better use would be made of the space currently taken up by the terminal platform,[32] used principally for special trains,mostly those serving Old Trafford during the cricket season.[33]
Following the construction of the Windsor Link,the station was refurbished in 1988 to cope with increased patronageOxford Road platforms 2 and 3 in 1992
Reconstruction took place during 1903–04. The approach was further improved,the ticket office and the refreshment room were expanded,and the MSJAR offices were removed. They were to have been moved to an adjacent building,but this proved unnecessary:the 78-year-old manager and secretary retired at the end of 1903,[34] and administration of the line was taken over by an LNWR District Superintendent based at Manchester Exchange railway station:[35] An island platform was added on the through lines,[36] coming into use in November 1904.[37]
From 1931,it was served by the MSJAR's 1500 V DCelectric trains between Altrincham and Manchester Piccadilly. From July 1959,Altrincham electric trains were cut back from Piccadilly to terminate at Oxford Road in two new bay platforms. The station's other lines were re-electrified at 25 kV AC. The whole station was again rebuilt and reopened on 12 September 1960,to a design by W.R. Headley and Max Clendinning of British Rail's London Midland region,encompassing three overlapping cones for the main structure.[38] The station's location on a viaduct running through the city centre required its load to be lightened,which the architects achieved by using wood for the station structure and platform canopies.[38]
When Manchester Central railway station closed in 1969,further rebuilding took place:one of the bay platforms was taken out of use and a new through platform provided (platform 1),the others being renumbered accordingly. In 1971,the Altrincham line was re-electrified at 25 kV AC and the 1930s DC trains withdrawn;from then on,local trains from Altrincham ran through to Piccadilly and on to Crewe. Oxford Road this,once again,became predominantly a through station.
Use of the station increased in 1988 when the Windsor Link between Deansgate and Salford Crescent opened,connecting lines to the north and south of Manchester. This led to further investment in the station,including the installation of computer screens.
In 1992,the Altrincham line stopping service was converted to light rail operation for the Manchester Metrolink. Oxford Road,once served almost entirely by suburban stopping trains,has now returned to having many more longer-distance services.
The station,a Grade II listed structure,requires frequent maintenance. In 2004,the station roof was partially refurbished to prevent leaking. In 2011,the platform shelters,seats and toilets were refurbished at a cost of £500,000.[39] In 2013,the station received a £1.8million renovation to improve access,including lifts and an emergency exit.[40]
In the Northern Hub plans,the platforms will be extended to allow use by longer trains. The bay platform will be removed to allow the other platforms to be extended.[41] Under controversial plans much of the nearby area's Victorian character will be razed,including the Salisbury pub,and the group of streets nearby known as 'Little Ireland'.[42]
Architecture
The station had become dilapidated by the 1950s and,in connection with the electrification and modernisation programme of the Manchester to London Euston line in 1960,the old buildings were replaced by the current structure by architects William Robert Headley and Max Clendinning and structural engineer Hugh Tottenham. It was designed in a distinctive style in concrete and wood with curves bringing to mind the Sydney Opera House.
The station is a grade II listed building.[43] 'Pevsner'[44] calls it "One of the most interesting and innovative buildings of the period ... the most ambitious example in this country of timber conoid shell roofing" (p.36) and "One of the most remarkable and unusual stations in the country both for the architectural form and the technological interest...it is the most dramatic and it is an important example of the deployment of timber to achieve large roof spans incorporating clerestory lighting."(p.178)
The choice of timber was forced by the weak viaduct on which the station is situated;anything heavier could have compromised its structural strength. The station has three overlapping conoid structures although they are only viewable from above. The light conoid roofs allow for a column-free interior space,maximising space and reducing load.[45]
Despite its architectural acclaim,the structure began to deteriorate within ten years. The roof started to leak and for years the station's platform buildings were encased in scaffolding and other metalwork,partly to support the structure and prevent material falling on the platforms and passengers. Partial remedial refurbishment was completed in 2004.
Manchester Piccadilly is the main railway station of the city of Manchester, in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, England. Opened originally as Store Street in 1842, it was renamed Manchester London Road in 1847 and became Manchester Piccadilly in 1960. Located to the south-east of the city centre, it hosts long-distance intercity and cross-country services to national destinations including London, Birmingham, Nottingham, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Bristol, Exeter, Plymouth, Reading, Southampton and Bournemouth; regional services to destinations in Northern England including Liverpool, Leeds, Sheffield, Newcastle and York; and local commuter services around Greater Manchester. It is one of 19 major stations managed by Network Rail. The station has 14 platforms: 12 terminal and two through platforms. Piccadilly is also a major interchange with the Metrolink light rail system with two tram platforms in its undercroft.
Manchester Victoria station in Manchester, England, is a combined mainline railway station and Metrolink tram stop. Situated to the north of the city centre on Hunts Bank, close to Manchester Cathedral, it adjoins Manchester Arena which was constructed on part of the former station site in the 1990s. Opened in 1844 and part of the Manchester station group, Manchester Victoria is Manchester's second busiest railway station after Piccadilly, and is the busiest station managed by Northern.
Crewe railway station serves the railway town of Crewe, in Cheshire, England. It opened in 1837 and is one of the most historically significant railway stations in the world.
The Cheshire Lines Committee (CLC) was formed in the 1860s and became the second-largest joint railway in Great Britain. The committee, which was often styled the Cheshire Lines Railway, operated 143 miles (230 km) of track in the then counties of Lancashire and Cheshire. The railway did not become part of the Big Four during the implementation of the 1923 grouping, surviving independently with its own management until the railways were nationalised at the beginning of 1948. The railway served Liverpool, Manchester, Stockport, Warrington, Widnes, Northwich, Winsford, Knutsford, Chester and Southport with connections to many other railways.
The Ashton, Stalybridge and Liverpool Junction Railway was opened in 1846 to connect the industrial town of Ashton-under-Lyne to the developing railway network, and in particular to the port of Liverpool. It was a short line, joining the Manchester and Leeds Railway at Miles Platting and the connection to Liverpool was over that line and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.
Deansgate is a railway station in Manchester city centre, England; it is located 1,100 yards (1 km) west of Manchester Piccadilly, close to Castlefield at the junction of Deansgate and Whitworth Street West. It is part of the Manchester station group.
There once were four direct railway routes between Liverpool and Manchester in the North West of England; only two remain, the two centre routes of the four. The most northerly and the most southerly of the four routes are no longer direct lines. Of the remaining two direct routes, the northern route of the two is fully electric, while the now southern route is a diesel-only line. The most northerly of the four has been split into two routes: the western section operated by Merseyrail electric trains and the eastern section by diesel trains, requiring passengers to change trains between the two cities. The fourth route, the most southerly of the four, has been largely abandoned east of Warrington; the remaining section caters mainly for freight trains.
The Styal line is a suburban commuter railway line which runs through south Manchester, England; it commences at Slade Lane Junction, 1.2 miles (1.9 km) south of Manchester Piccadilly, and ends 12 miles (19 km) south at Wilmslow.
Stafford railway station is a major interchange railway station in Stafford, Staffordshire, England, and is the second busiest railway station in Staffordshire, after Stoke-on-Trent. The station serves the market and county town, as well as surrounding villages. The station lies on the junction of the Trent Valley line, the Birmingham Loop/Rugby–Birmingham–Stafford line, and the West Coast Main Line.
Chester railway station is located in Newtown, Chester, England. Services are operated by Avanti West Coast, Merseyrail, Northern and Transport for Wales. From 1875 to 1969, the station was known as Chester General to distinguish it from Chester Northgate. The station's Italianate frontage was designed by the architect Francis Thompson.
Northwich railway station serves the town of Northwich in Cheshire, England. The station has two platforms in use. It is located on the Mid-Cheshire line 28+1⁄4 miles (45.5 km) southwest of Manchester Piccadilly.
Altrincham Interchange is a transport hub in Altrincham, Greater Manchester, England. It consists of a bus station on Stamford New Road, a Northern Trains-operated heavy rail station on the Mid-Cheshire Line, and a light rail stop which forms the terminus of Manchester Metrolink's Altrincham line. The original heavy rail element of the station was opened by the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway as Altrincham and Bowdon railway station in April 1881, changing to Altrincham railway station in May 1974. The Metrolink element opened in June 1992. The Interchange underwent a complete redevelopment, at a cost of £19 million, starting in mid-July 2013. The new bus station opened officially on 7 December 2014.
Huyton railway station serves Huyton in Merseyside, England. The station is an interchange between the Liverpool-Wigan Line and the northern route of the Liverpool-Manchester Line which diverge soon after the station. It is one of the busier stations on the lines and close to the shopping centre and bus station.
The Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway (MSJ&AR) was a suburban railway which operated an 8+1⁄2-mile (14 km) route between Altrincham in Cheshire and Manchester London Road railway station in Manchester.
Northenden railway station in Sharston, Manchester, England, was built by the Stockport, Timperley and Altrincham Junction Railway (ST&AJ) and opened for passenger and goods traffic on 1 February 1866.
The Warrington and Altrincham Junction Railway was a railway line that was in operation from 1 November 1853 to 7 July 1985. The railway was created by an act of parliament on 3 July 1851 to build a line between Timperley Junction on the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway (MSJAR), to provide a through route to Manchester, and Warrington Arpley on the St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway providing a link with Liverpool.
Broadheath (Altrincham) railway station served Broadheath and the northern part of Altrincham in Cheshire, England, between its opening in 1853 and closure in 1962.
Dunham Massey railway station was a stop on the Warrington and Altrincham Junction Railway. It served the village of Dunham Massey, in Cheshire, England. The station opened in 1854 and closed in 1962.
The Altrincham Line is a tram line of the Manchester Metrolink running from Manchester to Altrincham in Greater Manchester. Originally a railway line, it was, along with the Bury Line, converted into a tramway during 1991–92, as part of the first phase of the Metrolink system.
The Castlefield corridor is a railway corridor between Castlefield junction and Fairfield Street junction in Greater Manchester, England. The corridor forms the eastern end of the southerly Liverpool–Manchester line.
↑ "Twenty Fourth Supplemental Agreement to the Track Access Contract"(PDF). Office of Rail and Road. 1 July 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019. It noted that Network Rail had highlighted that the Corridor has congestion issues between 0700 and 2000 and would be more than happy to contractually agree to the additional rights being confined to the proposed hours of operation.
↑ Dixon, Frank (1994). The Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway (2nded.). Oxford: Oakwood Press. ISBN0-85361-454-7.
↑ "Railway Committees: Manchester South Junction and Altrincham". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 14 June 1845. p.2.
↑ "Opening of the Manchester and Altrincham Railway". Manchester Times. 21 July 1849. p.3.
↑ "Railway Arrangements". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 2 May 1857. p.9.
↑ "Meeting of Railway Contract Ticket Holders at Bowdon". Northwich Guardian. 31 October 1863. p.5.
1 2 "New Route from Manchester to Liverpool". Liverpool Mail. 10 June 1854. p.3.
↑ "The Evils of Railway Competition". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 28 November 1857. p.7.
↑ (advert.)"Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 18 March 1865. p.1.
↑ "Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway: Opening of New Station at Oxford-road". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 30 June 1865. p.1.
↑ "Manchester City Council: The Oxford-road Railway Station". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 5 May 1864. p.4.
↑ (advert.)"Opening of the New Route Between Manchester and Liverpool". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 20 May 1864.
↑ "Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Railway: Half-yearly Meeting". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 26 July 1866. p.3.
↑ "Railway Intelligence: London and North Western". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 16 August 1866. p.4.
↑ "Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Bill". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 28 June 1876. p.8.
↑ A Daily Passenger (29 October 1874). "Oxford-Road Station: Dangerous Railway Competition". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. p.7.
↑ "Brewster Sessions: Manchester: Refreshments at Oxford Road Station". Manchester Times. 2 September 1876. p.3.
↑ "Manchester City Council: The Knott Mill Railway Station". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 28 May 1892. p.9.
↑ "Public Improvements in Manchester and Salford". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 23 December 1892. p.5.
↑ "Street Improvements in Manchester and Salford". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 29 December 1894. p.14.
↑ "Jubilee of the Bowdon Line". Manchester Times. 5 May 1899. p.5.
↑ "Manchester, South Junction, and Altrincham Railway". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 22 July 1899. p.9.
↑ "Impending Retirement of Mr Richard Haig Brown". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 16 December 1903. p.6.
↑ "Manchester Railways". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 3 February 1905. p.10.
↑ "A Manchester Improvement: Oxford Road Station to be Rebuilt". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 12 September 1903. p.15.
↑ "Oxford Road Station: Opening of the New Passenger Platform". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 7 November 1904. p.3.
↑ "Oxford Road, City (west side) Manchester Oxford Road Station (including platform structures). Grade II. 24.11.95" "A-Z of listed buildings in Manchester". Listed buildings in Manchester. Manchester City Council. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
↑ Hartwell, Clare (2002). Manchester. Pesvner Architectural Guides: City Guides. London: Yale University Press. ISBN978-0-300-09666-8.
1 2 Stations in Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland, and Stockton-on-Tees are considered part of North East England, while stations in the unitary areas of York and North Yorkshire are considered part of Yorkshire and the Humber.
↑ Stations in North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire are considered part of Yorkshire and the Humber, while all other stations are considered part of the East Midlands.
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