Gorton

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Gorton
Gorton Monastery, Gorton.jpg
Greater Manchester UK location map 2.svg
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Gorton
Location within Greater Manchester
Population36,055 (2011)
OS grid reference SJ885965
Metropolitan borough
Metropolitan county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town MANCHESTER
Postcode district M18
Dialling code 0161
Police Greater Manchester
Fire Greater Manchester
Ambulance North West
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Greater Manchester
53°27′42″N02°10′34″W / 53.46167°N 2.17611°W / 53.46167; -2.17611

Gorton is an area of Manchester in Greater Manchester, North West England. It is to the southeast of Manchester city centre. The population at the 2011 census was 36,055. [1] [2] Neighbouring areas include Levenshulme and Openshaw.

Contents

A major landmark is Gorton Monastery, a 19th-century High Victorian Gothic former Franciscan friary.

History

According to local folklore, Gorton derives its name from Gore Town, due to a battle between the Saxons and Danes nearby. [3] [4] This has been dismissed by historians as "popular fancy". [5] The name Gorton means "dirty farmstead", [6] perhaps taking its name from the Gore Brook, or dirty brook, which still runs through the township today. The brook may have acquired that name because of the dirty appearance of its water, perhaps caused by discolouration due to peat or iron deposits. [7]

In medieval times, the district was a township of the ancient parish of Manchester in the Salford Hundred of Lancashire.

Manchester City F.C. was founded as St Mark's (West Gorton) in 1880. The club was formed with the aim of binding the local community and to combat a form of gang warfare called scuttling that existed in the 1870s. [8] [9] The rector's daughter, Anna Connell, is widely credited as the founder, although churchwarden William Beastow is believed to be the person who played the main part in creating sporting activities for the parish. In 1875, St Mark's Cricket Club are known to have played and this evolved into the football club later in the decade. [10] The first recorded football game was played in November 1880. [11]

A Blackfoot Sioux chief named Charging Thunder came to Salford aged 26 as part of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show in 1903. Like many Lakota tribesmen, Charging Thunder was an exceptional horseman and performed thrilling stunts in Buffalo Bill's show in front of huge crowds, on the site of what is now the Lowry in Salford Quays. But when the show rolled out of town, he remained in London. He married Josephine, an American horse trainer who had just given birth to their first child, Bessie and together they settled in Darwen, before moving to Gorton. His name was changed to George Edward Williams, after registering with the British immigration authorities to enable him to find work. Williams ended up as an elephant keeper at the Belle Vue Zoo. He died on 28 July 1929 from pneumonia aged fifty-two. He was buried in Gorton's cemetery.

Twentieth century

The world-famous Belle Vue Zoological Gardens, comprising a zoo, gardens, amusement park, exhibition complex and speedway stadium, was opened in 1836 in Gorton and became one of the leading attractions in the UK. The site spanned 165 acres of land and attracted over two million visitors a year. [12] The zoo was the third-largest in the UK, and the exhibition hall held concerts from a range of national and international artists, such as Jimi Hendrix and The Rolling Stones. After 141 years, the zoo closed in 1977, with the rest of the site finally cleared for redevelopment in 1982.

Myra Hindley, convicted of taking part in the Moors Murders in 1966, grew up in Gorton. [13] She and Ian Brady lived there at the time of the first three Moors murders, before moving to Hattersley in 1964 when Hindley's family home was included in a local demolition programme. Brady and Hindley committed two further murders after moving from Gorton, before they were finally arrested in October 1965. Their first victim, Pauline Reade (who died in July 1963 aged 16, but whose body was not found for 24 years), was a Gorton resident and a neighbour of Hindley. [14] The third victim, Keith Bennett, whose body has never been found, was also from Gorton.

Economy and development

The Industrial Revolution brought work and industry to Gorton in the form of locomotive factories, including that of Beyer, Peacock & Company. Today these sites continue to employ workers in a variety of fields, from local private businesses to national companies, including the manufacturing headquarters of Iceland. [15] A number of retail and recreation sites are also a source of local employment for many in the area, such as the TV and film production studio, Space Studios, which employs up to 300 people. [16] Less than 3 miles from the centre of Manchester, Gorton is also made up of many tertiary sector workers who commute into the city.

The popular television series Shameless , which aired on Channel 4, was mainly filmed in West Gorton. The parade of shops used for filming in the initial series was built on the site of St Mark's Church, Clowes Street, the birthplace of Manchester City F.C. [17] The area has since been demolished and redeveloped with various new social and private housing, [18] new Medical Centre, retail and commercial spaces, as well as the "Space Project", a large-scale television and film production studio with six sound and prop stages used to film various BBC and ITV productions.

In 2006, Manchester City Council started a multimillion-pound redevelopment of the Gorton District Shopping Centre. The small market and retail area were demolished and work started in late 2007 to construct a new market hall and Tesco Extra hypermarket on the site. In July 2008, the new Manchester Gorton Market Hall was opened to the public. [19] The construction of the new hypermarket and neighbouring petrol station continued, and in late October 2008, the new Tesco Extra store opened its doors for trading. Further retail outlets were developed near this site along Hyde Road, including Subway, Coral and Age UK. [20] Regeneration works are continuing to make Gorton "an even better place to live and work". This includes the demolition of all former tower blocks and construction of new homes and parks. House prices in the area are rising as a result of this as the area is beginning to attract more trendy, urban buyers.

Geography

Belle Vue is a locality within Gorton, as are West Gorton, which was included in the City of Manchester in 1890, whereas the remainder of Gorton wasn't until 1909, thanks largely to the work of councillor Joseph Henry Williamson, then Chairman of Gorton Urban District Council, and Abbey Hey, mostly a residential district, but also well known locally as the location of Wright Robinson College.

The area south of the former Roman road, Hyde Road, and between Belle Vue and Reddish is a historic area in which various ancient tools and weapons have been unearthed from various historic battles that took place there. [21] Many local placenames allude to this history, including Winning Hill, also known as Ryder Brow, a locality within Gorton that contains many topographical features, including Bottom o’ th’ Brow at the base of a valley and Gore Brook that runs through Gorton, flowing west to the river Mersey. Much of this area contains the Gore Brook Valley Conservation Area. Ryder Brow is served by Ryder Brow railway station.

Gorton also has several allotments and parks which are supported through the Gorton Horticultural Society.

Landmarks and attractions

Gorton is home to Gorton Monastery, a Franciscan, 19th century High Victorian Gothic friary. This has been renovated and secularised: it was previously derelict after the friars moved out. The parish left by the Friars came under the care of the Diocese of Salford. St Francis of Assisi RC Church on Textile Street, Gorton, and Sacred Heart Church, Levenshulme Road, Gorton, now form part of the R.C. Parish of Sacred Heart and St. Francis. Other churches in Gorton which were designed by notable architects include the Brookfield Unitarian Church on Hyde Road, built by Richard Peacock [22] and the Mount Olivet Apostolic Church (originally the Anglican church of Our Lady of Mercy and St Thomas of Canterbury) on Mount Road, which was built by Walter Tapper in 1927. [23]

Gorton Heritage Trail is a public trail with 20 sites of interest. The trail is partly semi-rural, largely located within the Gore Brook Valley Conservation Area, and highlights various local landmarks, including ecological and topographical sites, and grade-listed monuments and buildings. The trail starts in Sunny Brow Park, and leads northwards to Debdale Park, following the reverse course of Gore Brook. [24]

Peacock Mausoleum located at Brookfield Unitarian Church, Gorton Peacock Family Memorial, Brookfield Unitarian Church, Gorton.jpg
Peacock Mausoleum located at Brookfield Unitarian Church, Gorton
St James' Church, Gorton. St James Church Gorton Winter.jpg
St James' Church, Gorton.

There are a number of grade-listed buildings in Gorton, most notably Gorton Monastery. Other listed buildings and monuments include:

Gorton was home to the world-famous Belle Vue Zoological Gardens from 1836 until its closure in the 1980s. At its peak, Belle Vue attracted more than two million visitors a year. [26]

Transport

Railway

The area is served by several railway stations including Gorton, Ashburys, Belle Vue and Ryder Brow.

Trains on the Hope Valley line and Glossop line stop at Gorton. Services are operated by Northern, with trains to Manchester Piccadilly, Glossop, Hadfield and Rose Hill Marple. [27]

Until 1970, passenger services on the Great Central Railway passed through the station. [28] Gorton station is mentioned in the 1964 song Slow Train by Flanders & Swann, where it was referred to as Openshaw.

History

A DLR P86 stock demonstration at Debdale Park in 1987, in the lead-up to the construction of the Manchester Metrolink DLR train at Debdale Park Manchester.jpg
A DLR P86 stock demonstration at Debdale Park in 1987, in the lead-up to the construction of the Manchester Metrolink

Another railway station in the Gorton area, Hyde Road, was opened in 1882 on the Fallowfield Loop railway line until the route closed to passengers in 1958. The station had a brief revival in 1987, when it played a role in the early development of the Manchester Metrolink system. A temporary station called Debdale Park was constructed on the station site to host a public exhibition of Project Light Rail, in which a DLR P86 stock light rail vehicle on loan from the Docklands Light Railway in London was driven along a short stretch of track to demonstrate the light rail/tram configuration then being planned for Manchester. Soon after the demonstration, the Fallowfield line was dismantled; it has since been converted by Sustrans into a shared use path – the Fallowfield Loop – which runs from Fairfield to St Werburgh's Road tram stop in Chorlton-cum-Hardy. [29] [30]

Manufacturing

A company that became renowned for its locomotives, exported world-wide, was established at Gorton on the southern side of the railway line, [note 1] in 1854. The proprietors, Charles Beyer, Richard Peacock and Henry Robertson, incorporated in 1902 as Beyer, Peacock & Company.

Richard Peacock had previously been the chief engineer of the Manchester, Sheffield & Lincolnshire Railway's locomotive works nearby at Openshaw (north of the railway line), [note 2] and had seen an opportunity for locomotive manufacture by a private company. An early success was the world's first successful type of steam condensing locomotives for underground railways, of which 148 were built. [31] In the 20th century, the company designed and manufactured more than 1,000 powerful articulated locomotives called Garratts. By the time the company wound up in 1966, it had built nearly 8,000 steam and diesel locomotives. [32]

Governance

The former municipal borough of Manchester was created in 1838 and elevated to a city in 1853. Part of Gorton township was included in the city in 1890. The remaining part of the township became an Urban District of the administrative county of Lancashire in 1894. A small part of the urban district was transferred to the city of Manchester in 1901 and the remaining area was fully incorporated into Manchester in 1909.

Gorton forms part of the Manchester Gorton parliamentary constituency, comprising Gorton North, Gorton South, Fallowfield, Longsight, Levenshulme, Rusholme and Whalley Range wards. [33] Since boundary reviews in 2018 the Gorton area is covered within a single electoral ward – Gorton and Abbey Hey. Father of the House and Britain's longest serving backbench MP, Sir Gerald Kaufman, represented the Gorton area (Ardwick followed by Manchester Gorton) for 47 years until his death in February 2017. [34] Manchester Gorton's current MP is Afzal Khan.

Performing arts and sport

Gorton Philharmonic Orchestra was founded in 1854 and is an amateur orchestra. [35] The folk comedy group Gorton Tank were based in Gorton and were popular in the Manchester area. The painter Michael Gutteridge was born in Gorton. The Gorton Morris Men were responsible for reviving the rushcart ceremony in Gorton. [36] Manchester City F.C. were founded as St. Mark's (West Gorton) in 1880. Abbey Hey F.C. club is in Gorton. "Bouncing Billy Barker" was a local man who specialised in jumping feats. [37] The current Britbowl champions (as of 2023), are the Manchester Titans, which are based in Gorton.

Folklore Traditions

John Higson (1825-1871) a Gorton antiquarian wrote about mid nineteenth-century supernatural beliefs in what was then still a rural community. He detailed a series of local boggarts including: Nell Parlour Boggart ('rough and hairy, with eyes as big as saucers'); Gorton Field Boggart; Green Stile Boggart; and Ho' Lane Boggart (which appeared in the form of 'a dog, hare, rabbit, or other small animal'). [38] There was also a Boggart House (a haunted house). Fairy rings and fairy pipes (tiny early modern pipes) were frequently found, according to Higson, in the countryside round about. [39] Nell Parlour, a local place associated with the supernatural, was a clough known for a 'village damsel' who had been seduced and 'became insane'. [40] Higson also wrote a boggart poem in local dialect entitled 'Th' Boggart O' Gorton Chapelyord'. [41]

John Higson, Gorton antiquarian John Higson, Manchester Antiquarian.jpg
John Higson, Gorton antiquarian

Notable residents

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 53°27′59″N02°10′37″W / 53.46639°N 2.17694°W
  2. ↑ The name of the MS&L Railway's workshops, Gorton Locomotive Works, known locally as the Gorton Tank (location 53°28′15″N02°10′37″W / 53.47083°N 2.17694°W ), is often confused with the Gorton Foundry works of Beyer, Peacock & Company.

Related Research Articles

A boggart is a supernatural being from English folklore. The dialectologist Elizabeth Wright described it as 'a generic name for an apparition'; folklorist Simon Young defines it as 'any ambivalent or evil solitary supernatural spirit'. Halifax folklorist Kai Roberts states that boggart ‘might have been used to refer to anything from a hilltop hobgoblin to a household faerie, from a headless apparition to a proto-typical poltergeist’. As these wide definitions suggest boggarts are to be found both within and out of doors, as a household spirit or a malevolent genius loci inhabiting fields or other topographical features.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moors murders</span> Murders in and around Manchester, England

The Moors murders were carried out by Ian Brady and Myra Hindley between July 1963 and October 1965, in and around Manchester, England. The victims were five children—Pauline Reade, John Kilbride, Keith Bennett, Lesley Ann Downey, and Edward Evans—aged between 10 and 17, at least four of whom were sexually assaulted. The bodies of two of the victims were discovered in 1965, in graves dug on Saddleworth Moor; a third grave was discovered there in 1987, more than twenty years after Brady and Hindley's trial. Bennett's body is also thought to be buried there, but despite repeated searches it remains undiscovered.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hattersley</span> Human settlement in England

Hattersley is an area of Tameside, Greater Manchester, England; it is located 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Glossop and 10 miles (16 km) east of Manchester city centre, at the eastern terminus of the M67. Historically part of Tintwistle Rural District in Cheshire until 1974, it is the site of an overspill estate built by Manchester City Council in the 1960s. Hattersley is an area receiving major regeneration, which includes building new housing and additional retail stores.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Longsight</span> Suburb of Manchester

Longsight is an inner city area of Manchester, England, 3 miles (4.8 km) south of the city centre, bounded by Ardwick and West Gorton to the north and east; Levenshulme to the south; and Chorlton-on-Medlock, Victoria Park and Fallowfield to the west. Historically in Lancashire, it had a population of 15,429 at the 2011 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Beyer</span> Locomotive engineer (1813–1876)

Charles Frederick Beyer was a celebrated German-British locomotive designer and builder, and co-founder of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. He was the co-founder and head engineer of Beyer, Peacock and Company in Gorton, Manchester. A philanthropist and deeply religious, he founded three parish churches in Gorton, was a governor of The Manchester Grammar School, and remains the single biggest donor to what is today the University of Manchester. He is buried in the graveyard of Llantysilio Church, Llantysilio, Llangollen, Denbighshire North Wales. Llantysilio Church is within the grounds of his former 700 acre Llantysilio Hall estate. His mansion house, built 1872–1874, is nearby.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beyer, Peacock and Company</span> Railway locomotive manufacturer

Beyer, Peacock and Company was an English general engineering company and railway locomotive manufacturer with a factory in Openshaw, Manchester. Charles Beyer, Richard Peacock and Henry Robertson founded the company in 1854. The company closed its railway operations in the early 1960s. It retained its stock market listing until 1976, when it was bought and absorbed by National Chemical Industries of Saudi Arabia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ardwick</span> District of Manchester, England

Ardwick is a district of Manchester, England, one mile south-east of the city centre. The population at the 2011 census was 19,250.

Lancashire, like all other counties of England, has historically had its own peculiar superstitions, manners, and customs, which may or may not find parallels in those of other localities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Peacock</span> Engineer and politician from United Kingdom

Richard Peacock was an English engineer, one of the founders of locomotive manufacturer Beyer, Peacock and Company. He was later a Member of Parliament.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ashburys railway station</span> Railway station in Greater Manchester, England

Ashburys railway station is in Openshaw, Manchester, England, on the Manchester-Glossop Line at its junction with the Hope Valley line and the freight line to Phillips Park Junction. It has been open since 1855 and is the nearest railway station to the City of Manchester Stadium.

<i>See No Evil: The Moors Murders</i> 2006 British made-for-television docudrama film

See No Evil: The Moors Murders is a two-part British television serial, directed by Christopher Menaul, produced by Granada Television and broadcast on ITV on 14 and 15 May 2006. The serial tells the story of the Moors murders, which were committed, between July 1963 and October 1965, by Myra Hindley and Ian Brady. The narrative is from the viewpoint of Hindley's sister, Maureen Smith, and her husband David.

Openshaw is a suburb of Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, about three miles east of the Manchester city centre. Historically part of Lancashire, Openshaw was incorporated into the city of Manchester in 1890. Its name derives from the Old English Opinschawe, which means an open wood or coppice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abbey Hey</span> Human settlement in England

Abbey Hey is an area of Gorton, in the city of Manchester, England. It is known mainly for Debdale Park, Wright Robinson College, Parkstone Park also known as Cat Valley field, the donkey sanctuary & Delamere Park

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hyde Road railway station</span> Former railway station in east Manchester, England

Hyde Road was a railway station in Gorton, Manchester, England, on the Fallowfield Loop Line. It opened in 1892 and closed in 1958, when local passenger services on the line were withdrawn. The station was sometimes advertised as Hyde Road for Belle Vue, given its close proximity to Belle Vue Zoo which was about one mile away. The line was closed completely in 1988 and the track was taken up. The station has long since been demolished and the site was partly redeveloped. The former trackbed is now a popular shared use path called the Fallowfield Loop.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gorton Locomotive Works</span> Railway workshops in Gorton, Manchester, England

Gorton Locomotive Works, known locally as Gorton Tank, was in West Gorton in Manchester, England and was completed in 1848 by the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Debdale Park</span> Park in Gorton, Manchester

Debdale Park is an inner-city park, located in the Gorton area of Manchester, England. At around 45 acres (18 ha), it is one of the largest inner-city parks in the City of Manchester.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gorton Heritage Trail</span> English trail

Gorton Heritage Trail is located approximately 3 miles from the centre of Manchester, England. The trail has been designed to promote and conserve the heritage and wildlife of Gore Brook Valley. It lies mainly within the Gore Brook Conservation area. There are eight listed buildings and other places of interest along the trail.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brookfield Unitarian Church</span>

Brookfield Unitarian Church, Gorton, Manchester, England is a Victorian Gothic church. It is a member of the General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches, the umbrella body for British Unitarians.

Before Manchester City Football Club moved into their first permanent home in Manchester, England, in 1887, the club played at a short series of grounds which ranged from established cricket venues to bumpy fields with no stands or boundaries nor history of sporting usage. The club was founded as a philanthropic endeavour to encourage impressionable youths to commit to wholesome activities rather than falling to the local adolescent culture of alcohol and violence. The sport of football was barely 15 years from the writing of its own rulebook. The club had no immediate option of using or constructing a stadium, and thus most of their first locations were nothing more than painted lines and goalposts. As the club reformed and changed its name twice between 1880 and 1887, so its choice of locations were a series of low-cost, short-term solutions when their current location became untenable. In 1887, when City moved to their sixth pitch in only eight years, they had the money, ambition, reputation and stability to construct themselves a more permanent base of operations, at the stadium named Hyde Road.

Manchester is a city in Northwest England. The M18 postcode area is to the southeast of the city centre, and contains the area of Gorton. The postcode area contains 14 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, three are listed at Grade II*, the middle grade of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The area is now mainly residential, and the listed buildings include houses, churches, a mausoleum, a public house, a war memorial, and a former school.

References

  1. ↑ "City of Manchester ward/Gorton South population 2011". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  2. ↑ "City of Manchester Ward/Gorton North population 2011". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  3. ↑ Booker (1857), p. 197.
  4. ↑ Harland & Wilkinson 1993 , pp. 26–29
  5. ↑ Farrer & Brownbill 1911 , pp. 275–279.
  6. ↑ A ditch in time, BBC Online, 1 August 2008, archived from the original on 19 December 2019, retrieved 5 January 2009
  7. ↑ Cooper 2007 , p. 80
  8. ↑ James 1997 , pp. 9–12
  9. ↑ James 2008 , pp. 55–64
  10. ↑ James 2008 , pp. 55–58.
  11. ↑ James 1997 , p. 12
  12. ↑ Cronin, Jill; Rhodes, Frank (1999), Belle Vue, Tempus, ISBN   0-7524-1571-9
  13. ↑ Murder on the Moors: The Ian Brady and Myra Hindley Story – Crime Library, archived from the original on 30 December 2007
  14. ↑ "The 1960s", Tameside Advertiser, M.E.N. Media, 9 October 2003, archived from the original on 10 January 2012, retrieved 10 November 2011
  15. ↑ "Iceland Manufacturing". Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  16. ↑ ""Manchester production studio behind Cold Feet in £14m upgrade"". 17 May 2017. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  17. ↑ James (2008), p. 373.
  18. ↑ "Place North West | West Gorton housing plans approved". Place North West. 29 September 2014. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  19. ↑ ""Work starts on £1.7m market"". 19 October 2007. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  20. ↑ "Tesco Activity report". Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  21. ↑ "Gore Brook Valley Conservation Area "History"". Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  22. ↑ "Brookfield Church Memorabilia". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
  23. ↑ "The Churches". Sir Walter Tapper & His Churches. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
  24. ↑ ""Take a walk on the wild side", Manchester Evening News". 9 November 2007. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  25. ↑ Stuff, Good. "Listed Buildings in Gorton North Ward, Manchester". www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  26. ↑ Jill., Cronin; Frank., Rhodes (1999). Belle Vue. Tempus. ISBN   0752415719. OCLC   43031759.
  27. ↑ Jowett's Railway Centres volume 1 (Alan Jowett, published PSL 1993).
  28. ↑ "Townships: Gorton | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  29. ↑ "Debdale Park". Subterranea Britannica. Disused Stations. Archived from the original on 5 January 2010. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
  30. ↑ Holt, David (1992). Manchester Metrolink. Sheffield: Platform 5. pp. 24–25. ISBN   1-872524-36-2.
  31. ↑ Bruce, J. Graeme (1971). Steam to silver. London: London Transport. ISBN   978-0853290124.
  32. ↑ Atkins, P. (1999). The golden age of steam locomotive building. London: Atlantic. p. 104. ISBN   978-0906899878.
  33. ↑ England., Boundary Commission for (2007). Fifth periodical report : presented to Parliament pursuant to section 3(5) of the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986. Sationery Office. ISBN   978-0101703222. OCLC   85783106.
  34. ↑ "Labour MP Gerald Kaufman dies at 86". The Independent. 26 February 2017. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  35. ↑ Gorton Philharmonic Orchestra, archived from the original on 2 August 2009, retrieved 10 April 2009
  36. ↑ Gorton Rushcart revival, archived from the original on 31 May 2008, retrieved 10 April 2009
  37. ↑ Billy Barker, archived from the original on 20 April 2013, retrieved 10 April 2009
  38. ↑ Higson, John South Manchester Supernatural: The Ghosts, Fairies and Boggarts of Victorian Gorton, Lees, Newton and Saddleworth (Pwca Books 2020), 8-10.
  39. ↑ Higson, John South Manchester Supernatural: The Ghosts, Fairies and Boggarts of Victorian Gorton, Lees, Newton and Saddleworth (Pwca Books 2020), 10.
  40. ↑ Higson, John South Manchester Supernatural: The Ghosts, Fairies and Boggarts of Victorian Gorton, Lees, Newton and Saddleworth (Pwca Books 2020), 11.
  41. ↑ Higson, John South Manchester Supernatural: The Ghosts, Fairies and Boggarts of Victorian Gorton, Lees, Newton and Saddleworth (Pwca Books 2020), 11-16.
  42. ↑ John Thaw, archived from the original on 19 January 2009, retrieved 21 July 2009
  43. ↑ "Gorton Olympians". Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2010.
  44. ↑ Higson, John South Manchester Supernatural: The Ghosts, Fairies and Boggarts of Victorian Gorton, Lees, Newton and Saddleworth (Pwca Books 2020)

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